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MSK Test 1 > Lecture 1 Fertilization And Gastrulation > Flashcards

Lecture 1 Fertilization And Gastrulation Flashcards

1
Q

Where does fertilization occur?

A

Distal 1/3 of ampulla

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2
Q

When does cleavage occur

A

Day 3 (30 hours after fertilization)

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3
Q

When does implantation occur

A

Day 6

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4
Q

Capacitation

A
  • takes approx 7 hours

- glycoprotein coat and seminal plasma proteins removed from plasma membrane of sperm

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5
Q

Acrosome rxn

A

Release of enzymes (acrosin) allows passage of sperm through zona pellucida

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6
Q

Hyluronidase

A

Allows sperm to penetrate corona radiata

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7
Q

Penetration of zona pellucida

A

Using esterases, acrosin neuraminidase

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8
Q

Zona reaction

A
  • when 1 sperm gets through causes conformational change in zona pellucida meshwork of glycoproteins (becomes rigid)
  • release of lysosomal enzymes from cortical granules near oocyte cell membrane
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9
Q

What block polyspermy

A

Zona reaction

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10
Q

When does morula development occur?

A

Day 3= 12-32 cells

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11
Q

What days does blastocyst formation occur?

A

Day 5-7

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12
Q

When does zona pellucida start degenerating and then disappear?

A

Day 5= begins to degenerate

Day 7= is gone

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13
Q

What does inner cell mass give rise to?

A

Embryo

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14
Q

What does trophoblast give rise to?

A

Placenta

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15
Q

What is the final result of week 1?

A
  • 1 layer (embryo)

- inner cell mass

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16
Q

When do assisted reproductive technologies occur?

A

During week 1

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17
Q

What are some assisted reproductive technologies?

A

1) in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer
2) cryopreservation of embryos
3) intracytoplasmic sperm injection

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18
Q

what does trophoblast give rise to?

A
  • Cytotrophoblast

- Syncytiotrophoblast

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19
Q

Syncytiotrophoblast

A

-from trophoblast
-‐ Proteolytic enzymes,
chorionic gonadotropin (hcG)
‐ Responsible for
implantation and initial
signal of pregnancy

20
Q

Cytotrophoblast

A

‐ Stem cell layer

‐ Mitotically active

21
Q

Hydatidiform Mole

A

– Abnormal trophoblastic proliferation;

-excessive amounts of hCG produced

22
Q

complete mole results from

A

• Fertilization of an empty oocyte,
followed by duplication of the sperm
• Or from fertilization of an empty
oocyte by two sperm

23
Q

Partial mole results from

A

fertilization of a

normal oocyte by two sperm

24
Q

clinical features of hydatidiform mole

A
  • Vaginal bleeding
  • Pelvic pressure or pain
  • Enlarged uterus
  • Hyperemesis gravidarum
25
Q

Choriocarcinomas

A

Malignant tumor which develops from

hydatidiform mole

26
Q

what cell layers are present after week 2?

A 
1) – Epiblast
• Ectoderm
• Amnion
• Amniotic cavity
2) hypoblast (only present during wk 2)
27
Q

hypoblast

A

– Endoderm
• Prechordal plate
• Primary and secondary yolk sac (umbilical vesicle)
• Extraembryonic mesoderm

28
Q

prechordal plate

A
  • future site of mouth

- fusion of epiblast and hypoblast

29
Q

Extraembryonic Coelom:

A

hollow cavity outside of the

embryo

30
Q

Extraembryonic Somatic

Mesoderm:

A

lining the
trophoblast and covering the
amnion
-adjacent to ectoderm

31
Q

Extraembryonic Splanchnic

Mesoderm:

A

lining the yolk sac
(umbilical vesicle)
-adjacent to endoderm

32
Q

Connecting Stalk

A 
• Extraembryonic somatic
mesoderm
• Forms at embryonic pole
• Position changes during
development
33
Q

Primitive Blood

A

• Extraembryonic
splanchnic mesoderm
• Forms in wall of yolk sac

34
Q

Chorion

A

• Extraembryonic somatic
mesoderm
-cytotrophoblast
-syncytiotrophoblast

35
Q

placenta previa

A
  • placenta implants over internal cervical os

- marginal, total, partial

36
Q

what happens in week 3?

A

gastrulation= formation of 3 primary germ layers

37
Q

Primitive Streak

A

– Primitive knot (primitive node)
– Primitive groove
– Primitive pit

38
Q

sacral coccygeal teratomas

A
  • benign abnormal proliferation of cells

- remnant of primitive streak (cells of epiblast)(all 3 germ layers)

39
Q

notochord

A 
• Midline
• Extends from primitive
node (knot) anterior to
prechordal plate
• Template for vertebral
column
• Induces neural plate
40
Q

notochordal plate

A

notochordal process + endoderm

41
Q

chordomas

A 
– Rare slow growing
aggressive neoplasms of
bone
– Arise from remnants of
notochord
– Occur in axial skeleton in
spheno-occipital region
of skull and sacral
regions
42
Q

Allantois

A

• Endoderm
• Template for umbilical
arteries & vein
• Becomes urachus

43
Q

paraxial mesoderm

A

– Somites
• Muscle
• Skeleton (Vertebral)
• Dermis

44
Q

intermediate mesoderm

A

– Urogenital
• Kidneys
• Gonads

45
Q

lateral plate mesoderm

A 
– Connective tissue
• Blood
• Lymph
• Mesenteries
• Cardiovascular

MSK Test 1 (10 decks)

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