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MSK Test 1 > Development of the peripheral nervous system > Flashcards

Development of the peripheral nervous system Flashcards

1
Q

Central Nervous System (CNS)

A

– Brain

– Spinal Cord

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2
Q

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

A 
– Cranial nerves
– Spinal nerves
– Ganglia
– Enteric plexus
– Sensory receptors
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3
Q

gray matter

A
  • location of cell bodies and neurons

- unmyelinated

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4
Q

dorsal (posterior) horn

A

sensory

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5
Q

lateral horn

A

autonomics

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6
Q

anterior (ventral horn)

A

motor

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7
Q

white matter

A
  • location of axons

- myelinated

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8
Q

dorsal (posterior) funiculus

A

sensory

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9
Q

lateral funiculus

A

sensory and motor

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10
Q

anterior (ventral) funiculus

A
  • primarly motor
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11
Q

what does the sulcus limitans separate?

A

alar plate from the basal plate

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12
Q

alar plate

A

sensory neurons that stay in CNS

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13
Q

basal plate

A
  • motor neurons

- preganglionic neurons for ANS and neurons to musle

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14
Q

central canal

A

connected to ventricular system in brain

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15
Q

ventricular zone

A

-next to central canal

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16
Q

cells of ventricular zone

A

germinal or ventricular cells (stem cells)

  • ependymoblast
  • ependyma cell
  • choroid plexus cells (makes CSF)
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17
Q

intermediate zone

A

-gray matter

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18
Q

intermediate zone cells

A
  • astrocyte

- neuron

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19
Q

marginal zone

A

-white matter

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20
Q

marginal zone cells

A
  • axon

- oligodendrocyte

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21
Q

what layer do mesenchymal and microglial cells come from?

A

mesoderm

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22
Q

position of spinal cord in newborns

A

L2 or L3

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23
Q

position of spinal cord in adults

A

L1 or L2

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24
Q

neural crest cells

A

give rise to
spinal ganglion cells and
sensory neurons in the
periphery

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25
Q

how is spinal cord formed

A

Dorsal (sensory) and ventral
(motor) region dependent on
concentration gradients

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26
Q

what does high BMP activate?

A

activate PAX3
and 7 = sensory neuron
differentiation = alar plate

27
Q

what does high SHH activate?

A

NKX2.2 and NKX6.1 = ventral

neuron formation = basal plate

28
Q

how are ventral motor neurons formed?

A

Just dorsal there are slightly lower
SSH and higher levels of BMP
activate NKX6.1 and PAX6

29
Q

if there are high amount of BMP how will spinal cord be patterned?

A

dorsally

30
Q

if there are high amount of SHH how will spinal cord be patterned?

A

ventrally

31
Q

what forms the PNS

A

neural crest and ectodermal placode (from ectoderm)

32
Q

what are cells that develop from neural tube?

A
  • motor neurons

- pre ganglionic autonomic neurons (in lateral horn)

33
Q

what are cells that develop from neural crest?

A 
– Neurons of dorsal root
ganglia 
– Sensory ganglia of cranial
nerves 
– Schwann cells 
– Sympathetic ganglia
 – Parasympathetic ganglia
34
Q

Dorsal root (sensory)

A
  • spinal ganglion (dorsal root ganglion)

- neural crest

35
Q

ventral root (motor)

A

-neuroectoderm

36
Q

spinal nerve

A

mixed

37
Q

dorsal ramus

A
  • mixed
  • motor to dorsal muscles (true muscles of back= epiaxial)
  • sensory to dorsal integument
38
Q

ventral ramus (mixed)

A

– Sensory to integument of
same regions
-motor to limbs, lateral and ventral body wall (hypomere/hypaxial)

39
Q

ramus communicantes

A

-motor and sensory to viscera

40
Q

(General somatic efferent):

A

somatic muscle

-neuroectoderm

41
Q

GVE (General visceral efferent)

A

-autonomics to smooth and
cardiac muscle and glands
-neuroectoderm

42
Q

SVE (Branchial or Special visceral efferent):

A

muscles derived
from the pharyngeal arches
-neuroectoderm

43
Q

GSA (General somatic afferent)

A

-sensory in the skin, joint
capsule, tendon, muscle
-ectoderm or from mesoderm adjacent to ectoderm
-neural crest cells

44
Q

GVA (General visceral afferent)

A

:sensory of visceral structures
– Endoderm or mesoderm adjacent to endoderm
-neural crest

45
Q

SSA (Special somatic afferent):

A

hearing, balance and sight

46
Q

SVA (Special visceral afferent):

A

-taste and smell

47
Q

efferent somatic

A

Motor fibers
ending on
skeletal muscle
-neuroectoderm

48
Q

efferent visceral

A 
Motor fibers
ending about
autonomic
ganglion cells
which, in turn
control smooth
muscle, cardiac
muscle and
glands
-neuroectoderm
49
Q

Afferent

sensory

A 
Sensory fibers
originating
chiefly from
integument
-neural crest cells
50
Q

afferent (sensory)

Visceral:

A

Sensory fibers
originating
from viscera
-neural crest cells

51
Q

Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)

A

• Innervation of smooth muscle, cardiac muscle and

glands.

52
Q

what are two motor paths have ANS

A

– Sympathetic

– Parasympathetic

53
Q

formation of ganglia and post-ganglion

cells. (ANS)

A

neural crest

54
Q

formation of the pre-ganglion cells(ANS)

A

neuroectoderm

55
Q

Sympathetic

A

Located in the spinal cord in the thoraco-lumbar

region (T1-L2)

56
Q

preganglionic (sympathetic)

A

from spinal cord to sympathetic ganglia

  • neuroectoderm
  • short myelinated
57
Q

postganglionic (sympathetic)

A

from ganglia to viscera

  • neural crest
  • long, not myelinated
58
Q

Parasympathetic

A

Cranial-sacral region – Cranial: primarily cranial nerves

– Sacral: 2nd to 4th sacral spinal nerves (GVE)

59
Q

Preganglionic (parasympathetic)

A
  • from spinal cord to sympathetic ganglia
  • neuroectoderm
  • long and myelinated
60
Q

postganglionic (parasympathetic)

A
  • from ganglia to viscera
  • neural crest cells
  • short and unmyelinated
61
Q

how many cranial ganglia are there?

A

4

62
Q

what myelinates the CNS

A
  • oligodendrocytes
  • from neuroectoderm
  • starts in lower brain stem first
  • 6 months through puberty
63
Q

what myelinates the PNS

A
  • schwann cells
  • neural crest ells
  • motor roots myelinated before sensory roots
  • 4th month

MSK Test 1 (10 decks)

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