Upper Extremity Arthrology

Question 1

Sternoclavicular joint 2 bones

Answer 1

• clavicular notch of manubrium

- sternal facet on sternal end of clavicle

Question 2

Sternoclavicular joint type of joint

Answer 2

• sellar (saddle) synovial joint
• biaxial, false circumduction w/o rotation
• articular capsule
• articular disc

Question 3

Sternoclavicular joint ligaments

Answer 3

Costoclavicular L
Ant/post sternoclavicular L
Interclavicular L

Question 4

Acromioclavicular joint 2 bones

Answer 4

• acromio facet on acromial end of clavicle

- facet on the acromion of the scapula

Question 5

Acromioclavicular joint type of joint

Answer 5

• planar synovial
• uniaxial gliding and sliding
• articular capsule (fibrous capsule, synovial membrane)
• articular disc

Question 6

Acromioclavicular joint ligaments

Answer 6

1) acromioclavicular L
2) coracoclavicular
A) trapezoid L
B) conoid tubercle L(medial)

Question 7

Shoulder seperation

Answer 7

Acromioclavicular joint is susceptible to injury and separation
-is capable of separation w/ or w/o rupture of coracoclavicular L

Question 8

Glenohumeral Joint 2 bones

Answer 8

Glenoid cavity of scapular head

-head of humerus

Question 9

Glenohumeral Joint type of joint

Answer 9

• spheroidal synovial (ball and socket)

- multiaxial

Question 10

Glenohumeral Joint bursa

Answer 10

A) subscapular bursa
- between subscapularis T and scapular neck
-communicates with synovial membrane
B) subacromial bursa
-between deltoid M and supraspinatus T and artciular capsule
-DOES NOT usually communicate with synovial membrane

Question 11

Glenohumeral Joint ligaments

Answer 11

• glenohumeral L
• coracohumeral L
• transverse humeral L (between intertubercular groove on humerus, encapsulates long head of biceps brachii T)
• coracoarcomial arch (acromion, coracoacromial L, coracoid process)

Question 12

What prevents superior displacement of humerus from glenoid cavity?

Answer 12

Coracoacromial arch

Question 13

Why is glenohumeral joint susceptible to dislocation?

Answer 13

-because of mobility and relative instability

Question 14

Which direction does dislocation of glenohumeral joint commonly occur?

Answer 14

• anteriorly or inferiorly

- due to presence of carcoacromial arch

Question 15

What does a posterior dislocation of the elbow usually tear?

Answer 15

Ulnar collateral L

Question 16

“Students elbow”/ “dart throwers elbow”/“miners elbow”

Answer 16

Inflammation of subcutaneous olecranon bursa from excessive friction between skin and olecranon
-bicipitoradial bursa can also become inflamed

Question 17

Nursemaid’s or pulled elbow

Answer 17

• dislocation of radial head from the annular L.

- from pulling arm of child

Question 18

Proximal radioulnar joint: type

Answer 18

Trochoid synovial (pivot, uniaxial)
-pronation and supination

Question 19

middle radioulnar joint type

Answer 19

Syndesmosis (fibrous)

Question 20

Distal radioulnar joint type

Answer 20

Trochoid synovial (pivot, uniaxial)

Question 21

Radiocarpal (wrist joint) bones

Answer 21

• distal end of radius
• articular disc of radioulnar joint
• scaphoid
• lunate
• triquetrum

Question 22

Radiocarpal joint type

Answer 22

-condylar synovial (biaxial)

Question 23

Radiocarpal joint: ligaments

Answer 23

1) palmar radiocarpal L (2 bands)
2) dorsal radiocarpal L
3) Palmar ulnocarpal L (2 bands)
4) dorsal ulnocarpal L
5) radial collateral L of wrist
6) ulnar collateral L of wrist

Question 24

Intercarpal joints type

Answer 24

Planar synovial (uniaxial)

Question 25

What are the intercarpal joints?

Answer 25

- scapholunate - lunotriquetrum - pisotriquetrum - pisohamate - trapeziotrapezoid - capitiohamate - trapeziocapitate

Question 26

]]]]]]]]]] Midcarpal joint bones

Answer 26

Proximal and distal rows of carpal bones

Question 27

Midcarpal joint type

Answer 27

Sellar synovial joint (saddle)

Question 28

Carpometacarpal joints (1st) type and bones

Answer 28

- sellar synovial (saddle) | - from trapezium to 1st metacarpal bone

Question 29

Carpometacarpal joints (2nd-5th) type and bones

Answer 29

- planar synovial joint | - distal crape row to 2nd-5th metacarpal B

Question 30

Carpometacarpal joints (1st) ligaments

Answer 30

1) palmar carpometacarpal L | 2) dorsal carpometacarpal L

Question 31

Carpometacarpal joints (2nd-5th) ligaments

Answer 31

1) palmar carpometacarpal L 2) dorsal carpometacarpal L 3) pisometacarpal L (5th metacarpal in junction) 4) pisometacarpal 5) radiate carpal L

Question 32

Intermetacarpal joints (type)

Answer 32

-planar synovial

Question 33

Intermetacarpal joint (ligaments)

Answer 33

1) dorsal intermetacarpal L 2) palmar intermetacarpal L 3) interosseous intermetacarpal L

Question 34

Metacarpophalangeal joint type

Answer 34

Condylar synovial (biaxial)

Question 35

Metacarpophalangeal joint ligaments

Answer 35

1) palmar L 2) medial collateral L 3) lateral collateral L 4) deep transverse metacarpal L

Question 36

Bull riders thumb

Answer 36

Sprain of lateral collateral L and even avulsion of lateral part of proximal phalanx of thumb

Question 37

Skier’s or gamekeeper’s thumb

Answer 37

Laxity or rupture of both collateral ligaments of 1st metacarpophalangeal joints -hyperabduction of that joint

Question 38

Ist interphalangeal joint (thumb) type

Answer 38

-ginglymus synovial joint (hinge, uniaxial)

Question 39

Ist interphalangeal joint (thumb) ligaments

Answer 39

1) palmar L 2) medial collateral L 3) lateral collateral L

Question 40

Proximal interphalangeal joints (4) type

Answer 40

- ginglymus synovial joint | - between 2nd-5th proximal and intermediate phalanges

Question 41

Proximal interphalangeal joints (4) ligaments

Answer 41

1) palmar L 2) medial collateral L 3) lateral collateral L

Question 42

Distal interphalangeal joint type

Answer 42

- ginglymus synovial joint | - between 2nd-5th intermediate distal phalanges

Question 43

Distal interphalangeal joint ligaments

Answer 43

1) palmar L 2) medial collateral L 3) lateral collateral L

Question 44

Mallet finger or baseball finger

Answer 44

Sudden hyperflexion of distal interphalangeal joint can avulse the attachment of long extensor tendon with that tendon away from distal phalanx

Question 45

Movements of scapula

Answer 45

- elevation and depression of scapula - protraction and retraction of scapula - rotating the glenoid cavity up and down

Question 46

Glenohumeral movements

Answer 46

- extension (posteriorly) and flexion (anteriorly) of arm - hyperextension (posterior to anatomical position) of arm - abduction and adduction of arm - medial and lateral rotation

Question 47

Elbow movements

Answer 47

-flexion (anteriorly) and extension (posteriorly) of forearm

Question 48

Radioulnar movements

Answer 48

- pronation | - supination

Question 49

Wrist movements

Answer 49

- extension (posteriorly) and flexion (anteriorly) of hand - ulnar flexion (medial movement) - radial flexion (lateral movement)

Question 50

Digits 2-5 movements

Answer 50

- extension (posteriorly) and flexion (anteriorly) - abduction (movement away from middle finger) - adduction (movement toward middle finger) * 3rd finger can be abducted medially or laterally but cant be adducted

Question 51

Thumb movements

Answer 51

- extension (lateral movement from anatomical position) - flexion (sweeping thumb across palmar surface) - abduction (anterior movement from anatomical position) - adduction (posterior movement from abducted position) - opposition (touching thumb to 5th digit) - reposition (returning thumb from opposed position)

Question 52

Synovial or ganglion cyst

Answer 52

Irritation of synovial sheaths can cause an accumulation of mucopolysaccharide fluid that can form a usually painless lump -infections of synovial sheath can cause swelling in a very specific and characteristic configuration that follow shape of these sheaths

Question 53

Dupuytren contracture

Answer 53

Shortening, thickening and fibrosis of palmar aponeurosis and palmar fascia. -results in partial flexion of 4th and 5th digits