Upper Extremity Arthrology Flashcards
Sternoclavicular joint 2 bones
- clavicular notch of manubrium
- sternal facet on sternal end of clavicle
Sternoclavicular joint type of joint
- sellar (saddle) synovial joint
- biaxial, false circumduction w/o rotation
- articular capsule
- articular disc
Sternoclavicular joint ligaments
Costoclavicular L
Ant/post sternoclavicular L
Interclavicular L
Acromioclavicular joint 2 bones
- acromio facet on acromial end of clavicle
- facet on the acromion of the scapula
Acromioclavicular joint type of joint
- planar synovial
- uniaxial gliding and sliding
- articular capsule (fibrous capsule, synovial membrane)
- articular disc
Acromioclavicular joint ligaments
1) acromioclavicular L
2) coracoclavicular
A) trapezoid L
B) conoid tubercle L(medial)
Shoulder seperation
Acromioclavicular joint is susceptible to injury and separation
-is capable of separation w/ or w/o rupture of coracoclavicular L
Glenohumeral Joint 2 bones
Glenoid cavity of scapular head
-head of humerus
Glenohumeral Joint type of joint
- spheroidal synovial (ball and socket)
- multiaxial
Glenohumeral Joint bursa
A) subscapular bursa
- between subscapularis T and scapular neck
-communicates with synovial membrane
B) subacromial bursa
-between deltoid M and supraspinatus T and artciular capsule
-DOES NOT usually communicate with synovial membrane
Glenohumeral Joint ligaments
- glenohumeral L
- coracohumeral L
- transverse humeral L (between intertubercular groove on humerus, encapsulates long head of biceps brachii T)
- coracoarcomial arch (acromion, coracoacromial L, coracoid process)
What prevents superior displacement of humerus from glenoid cavity?
Coracoacromial arch
Why is glenohumeral joint susceptible to dislocation?
-because of mobility and relative instability
Which direction does dislocation of glenohumeral joint commonly occur?
- anteriorly or inferiorly
- due to presence of carcoacromial arch
What does a posterior dislocation of the elbow usually tear?
Ulnar collateral L
“Students elbow”/ “dart throwers elbow”/“miners elbow”
Inflammation of subcutaneous olecranon bursa from excessive friction between skin and olecranon
-bicipitoradial bursa can also become inflamed
Nursemaid’s or pulled elbow
- dislocation of radial head from the annular L.
- from pulling arm of child
Proximal radioulnar joint: type
Trochoid synovial (pivot, uniaxial) -pronation and supination
middle radioulnar joint type
Syndesmosis (fibrous)
Distal radioulnar joint type
Trochoid synovial (pivot, uniaxial)
Radiocarpal (wrist joint) bones
- distal end of radius
- articular disc of radioulnar joint
- scaphoid
- lunate
- triquetrum
Radiocarpal joint type
-condylar synovial (biaxial)
Radiocarpal joint: ligaments
1) palmar radiocarpal L (2 bands)
2) dorsal radiocarpal L
3) Palmar ulnocarpal L (2 bands)
4) dorsal ulnocarpal L
5) radial collateral L of wrist
6) ulnar collateral L of wrist
Intercarpal joints type
Planar synovial (uniaxial)
What are the intercarpal joints?
- scapholunate
- lunotriquetrum
- pisotriquetrum
- pisohamate
- trapeziotrapezoid
- capitiohamate
- trapeziocapitate
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Midcarpal joint bones
Proximal and distal rows of carpal bones
Midcarpal joint type
Sellar synovial joint (saddle)
Carpometacarpal joints (1st) type and bones
- sellar synovial (saddle)
- from trapezium to 1st metacarpal bone
Carpometacarpal joints (2nd-5th) type and bones
- planar synovial joint
- distal crape row to 2nd-5th metacarpal B
Carpometacarpal joints (1st) ligaments
1) palmar carpometacarpal L
2) dorsal carpometacarpal L
Carpometacarpal joints (2nd-5th) ligaments
1) palmar carpometacarpal L
2) dorsal carpometacarpal L
3) pisometacarpal L (5th metacarpal in junction)
4) pisometacarpal
5) radiate carpal L
Intermetacarpal joints (type)
-planar synovial
Intermetacarpal joint (ligaments)
1) dorsal intermetacarpal L
2) palmar intermetacarpal L
3) interosseous intermetacarpal L
Metacarpophalangeal joint type
Condylar synovial (biaxial)
Metacarpophalangeal joint ligaments
1) palmar L
2) medial collateral L
3) lateral collateral L
4) deep transverse metacarpal L
Bull riders thumb
Sprain of lateral collateral L and even avulsion of lateral part of proximal phalanx of thumb
Skier’s or gamekeeper’s thumb
Laxity or rupture of both collateral ligaments of 1st metacarpophalangeal joints
-hyperabduction of that joint
Ist interphalangeal joint (thumb) type
-ginglymus synovial joint (hinge, uniaxial)
Ist interphalangeal joint (thumb) ligaments
1) palmar L
2) medial collateral L
3) lateral collateral L
Proximal interphalangeal joints (4) type
- ginglymus synovial joint
- between 2nd-5th proximal and intermediate phalanges
Proximal interphalangeal joints (4) ligaments
1) palmar L
2) medial collateral L
3) lateral collateral L
Distal interphalangeal joint type
- ginglymus synovial joint
- between 2nd-5th intermediate distal phalanges
Distal interphalangeal joint ligaments
1) palmar L
2) medial collateral L
3) lateral collateral L
Mallet finger or baseball finger
Sudden hyperflexion of distal interphalangeal joint can avulse the attachment of long extensor tendon with that tendon away from distal phalanx
Movements of scapula
- elevation and depression of scapula
- protraction and retraction of scapula
- rotating the glenoid cavity up and down
Glenohumeral movements
- extension (posteriorly) and flexion (anteriorly) of arm
- hyperextension (posterior to anatomical position) of arm
- abduction and adduction of arm
- medial and lateral rotation
Elbow movements
-flexion (anteriorly) and extension (posteriorly) of forearm
Radioulnar movements
- pronation
- supination
Wrist movements
- extension (posteriorly) and flexion (anteriorly) of hand
- ulnar flexion (medial movement)
- radial flexion (lateral movement)
Digits 2-5 movements
- extension (posteriorly) and flexion (anteriorly)
- abduction (movement away from middle finger)
- adduction (movement toward middle finger)
- 3rd finger can be abducted medially or laterally but cant be adducted
Thumb movements
- extension (lateral movement from anatomical position)
- flexion (sweeping thumb across palmar surface)
- abduction (anterior movement from anatomical position)
- adduction (posterior movement from abducted position)
- opposition (touching thumb to 5th digit)
- reposition (returning thumb from opposed position)
Synovial or ganglion cyst
Irritation of synovial sheaths can cause an accumulation of mucopolysaccharide fluid that can form a usually painless lump
-infections of synovial sheath can cause swelling in a very specific and characteristic configuration that follow shape of these sheaths
Dupuytren contracture
Shortening, thickening and fibrosis of palmar aponeurosis and palmar fascia.
-results in partial flexion of 4th and 5th digits
