Upper Extremity MSK Flashcards
4 structures that can compress the median nerve at the elbow?
- Ligament of struthers
- Lacertus fibrosus
- Pronator teres
- FDS (between the two heads)
AC Joint Separation Types and Tx
- Type 1: partial AC tear, intact CC - > rehab with return in 2 wk
- Type 2: complete AC tear, intact CC -> rehab with return in 6 wk
- Type 3: complete AC and CC tear with clavicle floating upwards - > consider surgery
- Type 4: complete AC and CC tear with clavicle floating up and back -> need surgery
- Type 5: complete AC and CC tear with clavicle super up and back -> need surgery
- Type 6: complete AC and CC tear with clavicle floating down -> need surgery

Anatomic Snuffbox borders
- lateral: APL, EPB
- medial: EPL

Atraumatic shoulder dislocation management
AMBRI A: Atraumatic M: Multidirectional B: Bilateral R: Rehab I: Inferior capsule shift if they require surgery
Bankart lesion
Anterior labral tear that allows the humeral head to slip anteriorly

Bennett’s fracture
Oblique fracture at the base of the thumb metacarpal
Bone deviations seen in RA at the wrist/hand?
- Ulnar deviation of the MCPs
- Radial deviation of the wrist
- Dorsal subluxation of the ulna
Borders and contents of quadrangular space
- Borders: humerus, triceps long head, teres minor, teres major
- Contents: Axillary nerve and posterior humeral circumflex artery

Borders and contents of triangular interval
- borders: humerus, triceps long head, teres major
- contents: radial nerve profunda brachii artery

Borders and contents of triangular space
- borders: teres minor, teres major, long head of tricpes (lateral)
- contents: scapular circumflex artery

Boutonniere deformity cause
Tearing of the extensor hood at the PIP

Boxer’s Fracture
5th metacarpal fracture
Brachial artery course
enters in cubital fossa and divides into radial and ulnar arteries

Carpal bones

Carpal Tunnel structures and borders
4 FDS tendons, 4 FDP tendons, FPL tendon, median nerve bordered by scaphoid and pisiform

Five changes seen on X-ray in osteoarthritis
- Irregular joint surfaces
- Joint space narrowing
- Subchondral sclerosis
- Osteophytes
- Cystic changes
Colles Fracture
Distal radius fragment is dorsally displaced (CD). Associated with triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC) tears.

Common causes of hook of the hamate fractures?
direct trauma or forceful twisting of the wrist (racquet-related sports)
Cozen test
pain with palpation of common extensor tendon with resisted wrist extension (A)

Cubital fossa boundaries
- lateral: brachioradialis
- medial: pronator teres
- base: line through epicondyles

Deep forearm extensors
Supinator, APL, EPL, EPB, EIP

DeQuervain’s Tenosynovitis
inflammation of APL and EPB tendon due to overuse
Dorsal Compartments of the Wrist
1: APL, EPB 2: ECRL, ECRB 3: EPL 4: EDC, EIP 5: EDM 6: ECU

Forearm flexor layers
- Superficial: (lateral to medial) pronator teres, flexor carpi radials, palmaris longus, flexor carpi ulnaris
- Intermediate layer: flexor pollicis longus, flexor digitorum superficialis, flexor digitorum profundus
- Deep layer: pronator quadratus



















