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Ortho > Upper Extremity Disorders > Flashcards

Upper Extremity Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

What is the primary supinator in the arm?

A

Biceps

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2
Q

MOA of a Distal Biceps Injury

A

Eccentric contraction

Steroid users

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3
Q

How to test for a distal biceps rupture?

A

Hook test

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4
Q

Indications to Fix a Distal Biceps Rupture

A

Laborer: frequent use of screwdriver, doorknobs, handles
Popeye’s deformity
Cosmetic

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5
Q

Another Name for Tennis Elbow

A

Lateral Epicondylosis

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6
Q

What muscles are affected with lateral epicondylosis?

A

Forearm extensors

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7
Q

What muscles are affected with medial epicondylosis?

A

Forearm flexors

Pronator

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8
Q

Treatment of medial (golf) or lateral (tennis) epicondylosis (elbow)?

A

Patient education
Ice
NSAIDs
Begin stretching program followed by strengthening exercises

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9
Q

What can bursitis be secondary to?

A

Trauma
Infection
Arthritic conditions: gout, RA, OA

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10
Q

Most Common Locations of Bursitis

A

Olecranon

Pre-patellar

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11
Q

Other Locations of Bursitis

A

Sub-deltoid
Ischial
Trochanteric
Baker cyst

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12
Q

What can a constant draining of sinuses lead to?

A

SCC

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13
Q

Treatment of Bursitis

A 
Heat
Rest
NSAIDs
Local corticosteroid injections
I&D (septic) + antibiotics
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14
Q

Radial Nerve Palsy

A

Saturday night palsy

Get drunk and lie on your arm wrong

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15
Q

What does the radial nerve innervate?

A

Flexors & ulnar mediatros

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16
Q

4 Sites of Compression of the Ulnar Nerve

A

Cubital tunnel (elbow)
IM septum
2 heads of flexor carpal ulnas
Gianes cannel (at the wrists

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17
Q

Tests for Cubital Tunnel Ulnar Nerve Palsy

A

Tinnel’s

Bent elbow test

18
Q

Treatment for a Dislocating Ulnar Nerve

A

Dish towel

Knee pad worn backwards to keep arm extended

19
Q

Indications to fix Ulnar Nerve Palsies

A

Persistent numbness
Instability
Muscle atrophy

20
Q

What is the most common peripheral neuropathy?

A

Carpal tunnel/median nerve

21
Q

Define Tinel’s Sign

A

Tingling or shock-like pain on solar wrist percussion

22
Q

Define Phalen’s Sign

A

Pain or paresthesia in the distribution of the median nerve when both wrists are flexed to 90 degrees for 60 seconds

23
Q

Define Carpal Compression Test

A

Numbness & tingling are induced by direct application of pressure over the carpal tunnel

24
Q

Treatment of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

A

1st: NSAIDs, splints, PPIs
2nd: Cortisone shots
3rd: carpal tunnel release

25
Q

Indications for Carpal Tunnel Release

A

Atrophy of thenar muscle(s)

Chronic numbness

26
Q

Define Dupuytren’s Syndrome

A

Thickening of the palmar fascia

Superficial to the tendons

27
Q

Other Locations Dupuytren’s can Affect

A

Feet (Lederhosen’s)

Penis (Pyrenees disease)

28
Q

Treatment of Dupuytren’s Syndrome

A

Needle apeuronotomy
Open palmar fasciectomy
Partial palmar fasciectomy
Collagenase injections

29
Q

How does a ganglion cyst occur?

A

Weakness in the joint wall allowing synovial fluid to escape

1 way valve pushing fluid out of the joint

30
Q

Differential Diagnosis of a Ganglionic Cyst

A

Ganglion
Lipoma
Schwanoma
AV malformation

31
Q

Distinguishing a Ganglion Cyst from a Lipoma, Schwanoma, or AV Malformation

A

Clear, able to see through with a light

32
Q

Distinguishing a Lipoma from a Ganglion Cyst

A

Feels rubbery

Not as compressible

33
Q

Distinguishing a Schwanoma from a Ganglion Cyst

A

Solid

Can’t move proximal/distal

34
Q

Distinguishing a AV Malformation from a Ganglion Cyst

A

Can see vessels going in & out

35
Q

Define Arthritis

A

Inflammation of the joints

36
Q

Define Arthritis Obliterans

A

Deformed joints

37
Q

Define Osteoarthritis

A

Degradation of the cartilage in the joints

38
Q

Treatment for Arthritis

A

NSAIDs
Splints
Fusion
Joint resurfacing

39
Q

Describe a Swan Neck Deformity

A

Hyperextension at PIP joint

Flexion at DIP joint

40
Q

Describe a Boutonniere Deformity

A

Hyperextension at DIP joint

Flexion at PIP joint

Ortho (22 decks)

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