Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Ortho > Pediatric Tumors > Flashcards

Pediatric Tumors Flashcards

1
Q

Signs/Symptoms of Bone Tumors & Bone Tumor-like Lesions

A

Persistent skeletal pain & swelling
Limitation of motion
Spontaneous fracture
Proceed with clinical, radiographic, lab & biopsy exam

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Examples of Osteoblastic Connective Tissue Tumors

A

Osteoid osteoma

Osteosarcoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Examples of Cartilage Tumors

A

Enchondromas
Chondromyxoid fibromas
Chondrosarcomas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Examples of Bone Tumors

A

Giant cell
Chondroblastomas
Ewing’s sarcoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Things to Beware of

A

Night pain
Constant pain
Unusual symptoms
No improvement with conservative management
General symptoms
X-ray findings with lytic or blastic bone changes, soft tissue calcification or periosteal reaction
Unexplained mass

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Evaluation of Pediatric Tumors

A

Physical exam
X-rays
Possible: bone scan, CT/MRI, chest x-rays/CT for high risk lesions
Consider: labs, consults/referrals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Biopsy of Tumor

A

Ideal if “ultimate” surgeon performing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Treatment of Clearly Benign Tumors

A

Observation vs. excision/curettage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Treatment of Possibly Malignant Tumors

A

Consider referral to regional cancer center

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Who is all part of the team at regional cancer centers?

A 
Pathologists
Radiologists
Surgeons
Oncologists
Radiation therapists
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Classification of Tumors

A

Bony vs. soft tissue
Benign vs. malignant
Primary vs. metastatic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Epidemiology of Osteosarcoma

A

2nd most common primary bone tumor
High risk mets
Male = Female
Appendicular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

X-ray Findings in Osteosarcoma

A

Mixed lytic/sclerotic lesions with cortical destruction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Epidemiology of Ewing’s

A

Highly anapestic

Long bone diaphyses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

X-ray Findings in Ewing’s

A

Lytic, moth-eaten, indistinct margins, “onion skin”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Prognosis of Ewing’s with Pre-op Chemotherapy

A

Survival rate: 80-90%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Types of Resection with Soft Tissue Tumors

A

Intra-lesional
Marginal
Wide
Radical

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Describe Soft Tissue Tumors

A

Small, superficial cystic lesions: benign/observed

Large, deep solid tumors: studies/biopsy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Different Classes with Soft Tissue Tumors

A 
Fibrous
Lipomatous
Smooth muscle
Striated muscle
Vascular
Synovial
Neurologic
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Determinants of Staging of Soft Tissue Tumors

A

Tumor grade
Location
Extension
Mets

21
Q

What is the most common cause of bone tumors?

A

Metastatic disease

22
Q

What cancers primarily have mets in the bones?

A

Breast
Lung
Prostate
Kidney

23
Q

Most Common Bones for Metastatic Disease

A

Spine
Ribs
Pelvis
Proximal limb girdles

24
Q

Common Pitfalls with Metastatic Bone Disease

A

Assume metastatic
Inadequate workup, planning, or fixation
Not knowing when to refer

25
Q

Treatment of Metastatic Bone Disease

A

Fracture risk
Function
Palliation

26
Q

Benign Bone Tumors

A

Osteochondroma
Osteoid osteoma
Bone cyst
Non-ossifying fibroma

27
Q

What is the most common of benign primary bone tumors?

A

Osteochondroma

28
Q

Most Common Location of Osteochondroma

A

Knee

Proximal humerus

29
Q

Gender Distribution of Osteochondroma

A

Males > females

2:1

30
Q

When does Osteochondroma generally occur?

A

2nd & 3rd decades

31
Q

When do osteochondromas generally stop growing?

A

At skeletal maturity

32
Q

What tests can you run if you are unclear on the diagnosis of an osteochondroma?

33
Q

Treatment for Osteochondroma

A

Surgery

Excise cartilage & perichondrium

34
Q

Define Nidus

A

Well demarcated, bone forming, up to 1 cm

35
Q

When do osteoid osteoma generally present themselves?

A

2nd & 3rd decade

36
Q

Gender Distribution of Osteoid Osteoma

A

Male > Female

3:1

37
Q

Most Common Location of Osteoid Osteoma

A

Long bones lower extremity
Cortex
Posterior elements lumbar spine

38
Q

Presentation of Osteoid Osteoma

A

Dull/sharp pain
Worse at night
Better with aspirin/NSAIDs

39
Q

Tests to Diagnosis Osteoid Osteoma

40
Q

Treatment of Osteoid Osteoma

A

En bloc resection

Percutaneous radio frequency ablation

41
Q

Gender Distribution of Unicameral Bone Cyst

A

Male > Female
3:1
Age 5-15

42
Q

Most Common Location of Unicameral Bone Cyst

A

Proximal humerus

43
Q

Describe a Unicameral Bone Cyst

A

Central radiolucent lesion metaphysical side of growth plate on long bones

44
Q

Test if Unsure on Diagnosis of Unicameral Bone Cysts

45
Q

When is fibrous cortical defect/non-ossifying fibroma (FCD-NOF) common?

A

Common in childhood

First 2 decades

46
Q

Where is fibrous cortical defect/non-ossifying fibroma (FCD/NOF) commonly found?

A

Metaphysics of long bones

47
Q

How to treat if weakening of the bone in fibrous cortical defect/non-ossifying fibroma (FCD-NOF)?

A

Currettage/graft

48
Q

Treatment of Fractures in Fibrous Cortical Defect/Non-Ossifying Firoma (FCD-NOF)

A

Immobilize
Observe
Sometimes lesion heals

49
Q

Malignant Bone Tumors

A

Osteosarcoma
Ewing’s
Metastatic disease

Ortho (22 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions