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Anatomy > Upper Extremities > Flashcards

Upper Extremities Flashcards

1
Q

Subluxation of the radial head out of the annular ligament in the proximal radio-ulnar joint. Clinically presents with children who are unable to supinate after injury.

A

Nursemaid’s Elbow / Pulled up Elbow

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2
Q

Caused by chronic inflammation or irritation of the origin of the extensor muscles of the forearm from the lateral epicondyle of the humerus as a result of repetitive strain. Common in tennis players / violinists.

A

Tennis Elbow / Lateral Epicondylitis

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3
Q

Caused by a tear or chronic inflammation in the origin of the flexor muscles of the forearm from the medial epicondyle. Treatment is IV glucocorticoids i the affected area or avoidance of repetitive bending / flexion of the forearm in order to not compress the ulnar nerve.

A

Golfer’s Elbow / Medial epicondylitis

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4
Q

Cyclists falling in their shoulder. Where’s the fracture?

A

Greater tuberosity of Humerus

Attachments
-supraspinatus
-infraspinatus
-teres minor

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5
Q

Common scenario: Accompanies posterior dislocation of the shoulder joint. Where’s the fracture?

A

Lesser tuberosity of Humerus

Attachment of Subscapularis tendon

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6
Q

What are the structures affected in the Injury of the surgical neck of the humerus?

A

Injury to Axillary nerve and Posterior Humeral Circumflex artery as they pass to the quadrangular space.

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7
Q

Structures affected in the injury of the shaft of the humerus?

A

Injury to the Radial nerve and the Deep Brachial Artery in the spiral groove.

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8
Q

Common scenario: Child undergoes FOOSH with partially flexed elbow. What type of fracture and structures affected?

A

Supracondylar fracture of the humerus.
Injury to the Median Nerve.

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9
Q

Structure/s affected in the fracture of the Medial Epicondyle of the humerus?

A

Injury to Ulnar Nerve.

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10
Q

Neurovascular Pairing: Name the corresponding Arteries & Nerves
Location: Axilla/ Lateral Thorax

A

Nerve: Long Thoracic
Artery: Lateral Thoracic

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11
Q

Neurovascular Pairing: Name the corresponding Arteries & Nerves
Location: Surgical Neck of Humerus

A

Nerve: Axillary
Artery: Posterior Circumflex

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12
Q

Neurovascular Pairing: Name the corresponding Arteries & Nerves
Location: Mid-shaft of Humerus

A

Nerve: Radial
Artery: Deep Brachial

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13
Q

Neurovascular Pairing: Name the corresponding Arteries & Nerves
Location: Distal Humerus Cubital Fossa

A

Nerve: Median
Artery: Brachial

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14
Q

Neurovascular Pairing: Name the corresponding Arteries & Nerves
Location: Distal Humerus - Popliteal Fossa

A

Nerve: Tibial
Artery : Popliteal

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15
Q

Neurovascular Pairing: Name the corresponding Arteries & Nerves
Location: Posterior to Medial Malleolus

A

Nerve: Tibial
Artery: Posterior Tibial

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16
Q

Nerve affected in Humeral Surgical Neck Fracture?

A

ARM-U
NAMe SOME

Axillary Nerve (C5-C6)
Neck Fracture

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17
Q

Nerve affected in Axilla & Midshaft Fracture?

A

ARM-U
NAMe SOME

Nerve: Radial Nerve

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18
Q

Nerve affected in Supracondylar Fracture?

A

ARM-U
NAMe SOME

NERVE: Median Nerve ( C5-T1)

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19
Q

Nerve affected in Medial Epicondyle Fracture?

A

ARM-U
NAMe SOME*

Nerve: Ulnar Nerve
Fracture: Outstretched Fall - Medial Epicondyle

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20
Q

Dysfunction of nerves :
A in ARM-U?

A

Axillary Nerve: failure to Abduct (C5-C6)

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21
Q

Dysfunction of nerves :
R in ARM-U?

A

Radial (C5-T1) - Rist Drop (Wrist)

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22
Q

Dysfunction of nerves :
M in ARM-U?

A

Median Nerve (C5-T1)
Monkey hand / Ape Hand

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23
Q

Dysfunction of nerves :
U in ARM-U?

A

Ulnar Nerve (C8-T1)
Ulnar claw

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24
Q

Flat bones (3)

A

Skull
Ribs
Sternum

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25
Q

Where is an ellipsoidal joint located?

A

Wrist

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26
Q

Saddle joint is located at?

A

Carpometacarpal of the thumb

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27
Q

Attachment of pectoralis major?

A

Origin: Clavicle, Sternum, Upper six costal cartilages
Insertion: Lateral lip of bicipital groove of humerus
Nerve supply: Medial and lateral pectoralis nerves
Action: Adduction, Internal rotation of arm, flexion of arm ( clavicular fibers)

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28
Q

Rotator cuff muscles ? (4)

A

SITS
Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Teres Minor
Subscapularis

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29
Q

Shoulder dislocation, what joint is affected?

A

Acromioclavicular joint

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30
Q

Shoulder girdle components? (3)

A

Scapula
Clavicle
Manubrium of Sternum

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31
Q

Content of Quadrangular Space?

A

Axillary Nerve and
Posterior Circumflex Humeral Vessels

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32
Q

Innervation of anterior compartment of arm?

A

Musculocutaneous nerve

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33
Q

Main supinator of arm?

A

Biceps brachii

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34
Q

Main flexor of the arm?

A

Brachialis

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35
Q

Common origin of flexor tendon?

A

Medial epicondyle of Humerus

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36
Q

Muscles commonly affected in tennis elbow or lateral epicondylitis?

A

Extensor carpi radialis brevis

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37
Q

Muscles commonly affected in golfers elbow or medial epicondylitis?

A

Pronator teres
Flexor carpi radialis

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38
Q

Description about Elbow joint ?

A
  1. Hinge joint
  2. Articulations:
    - trochlear notch of the ulna and the trochlea of the humerus
    - head of the radius and the capitulum of humerus
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39
Q

Normal carrying angle of the elbow?

A

Male: 170 degrees
Female: 167 degrees
Elbow joint is extended and lies between the arm and forearm
Angle disappears when the elbow joint is flexed

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40
Q

Movement of radioproximal joint?

A
  1. Rotary movements of the forearm
  2. When the arm is in the resting position beside the body, the range of motion for pronation is 61-66 degrees, while supination it is 70-77 degrees.
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41
Q

What fracture affects the lateral epicondylitis?

A

Tennis elbow

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42
Q

Hypothenar muscles innervation?

A

Ulnar nerve

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43
Q

Abduct fingers?

A

Dorsal interossei

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44
Q

Innervates deltoid and teres minor?

A

Axillary nerve

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45
Q

Contents of the anatomic snuff box?

A

Apex: point towards the thumb
Base: distal to the end of radius
Floor: Scaphoid, Trapezium
Lateral: Abductor pollicic longus, extensor pollicis brevis
Medial: extensor pollicic longus

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46
Q

De quervain tenosynovitis affects? (2)

A

Absuctor pollicis longus
Extensor pollicis brevis

APpLe EPol Bre red

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47
Q

Lesion of C5 - C6 upper brachial plexus injury. With proximal musculature affected, arm medially rotated and forearm pronated.
MOI: fall on shoulder, difficult delivery of infant

A

Erb- Duchenne Syndrome

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48
Q

A benign proliferative disorder characterized by decreased hand function caused by hand contractures and painful fascial nodules?

A

Dupuyteren’s Disease / Contracture

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49
Q

Fracture of surgical neck of humerus?

A

Axillary nerve

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50
Q

Lesion of C5 and C6 Waiters Tip?

A

Erb Duchenne Syndrome

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51
Q

Describe Erb-Duchenne Syndrome. (3)

A
  1. C5-C6 lesion, Upper brachial plexus injury
  2. Proximal musculature affected: arm medially rotated and forearm pronated
  3. MOI: Fall on shoulder , difficult delivery of infant
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52
Q

A benign proliferative disorder characterized by deceeased hand function caused by hand contractures and painful fascial nodules.

A

Dupuytren’s Disease / Contracture

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53
Q

Supracondylar fracture of humerus?

A

Median nerve

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54
Q

Fractures of proximal humerus and humeral shaft?

A

Radial Nerve

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55
Q

Medial epicondyle fracture of humerus?

A

Claw hand - Ulnar nerve injury

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56
Q

Spiral fracture of midshaft of humerus?

A

Wrist drop - Radial Nerve Injury

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57
Q

Structure in spiral groove of humerus?

A

Radial nerve

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58
Q

Claw hand?

A

Ulnar nerve

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59
Q

Waiter’s tip / Erb Duchenne Palsy.

A

Upper trunk of brachial plexus

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60
Q

Hand of benediction

A

Median nerve

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61
Q

Ape hand deformity

A

Median nerve

62
Q

Wrist drop .

A

Radial nerve

63
Q

Cubital tunnel syndrome

A

Ulnar nerve

64
Q

Radial tunnel syndrome

A

Deep branch of Radial Nerve

65
Q

Carpal tunnel syndrome

A

Median nerve

66
Q

Tunnel of Guyon

A

Ulnar nerve

67
Q

First bone to begin ossification and last one to complete ossification?

A

Clavicle

68
Q

Fracture of the Fibular Head?

A

Common peroneal nerve

69
Q

Fracture of the distal radius with the fragment displaced volarly?

A

Smith

DR Smith - Distal Radius

70
Q

Fracture of the radial styloid

A

Hutchinson/ Chauffeur

71
Q

Fracture of the ulna and dislocation of the radial head?

A

Monteggia

72
Q

Fracture of the distal radius with dislocation of distal radioulnar joint.

A

Galeazzi

73
Q

Fracture of the radial shaft at the junction of the middle and distal thirds without an associated fracture of the ulna.

A

Piedmont

74
Q

Fall on outstretched hand, distal radial fracture , fragment dorsally placed.

A

Colle / Dinner/ Silver fork deformity

75
Q

Rucksack palsy

A

Long thoracic nerve

76
Q

Scapular winging

A

Long thoracic nerve

77
Q

Saturday night palsy

A

Radial nerve

78
Q

Olecranon fossa receives the olecranon process of the ulna during ________.

A

Extension of the arm

79
Q

Dermatome levels:
C6

A

Thumb

80
Q

Dermatome levels:
C8

A

Small finger

81
Q

Dermatome levels:
T4

A

Nipple

82
Q

Dermatome levels:
T10

A

Umbilicus

83
Q

Dermatome levels:
L4

A

Knee

84
Q

Exaggeration in sagittal curve in thoracic.

A

Kyphosis

85
Q

Vertebral level of iliac crest and bifurcation of aorta

A

L4

86
Q

Characteristic feature of 2nd cervical vertebra

A

Odontoid process

87
Q

Spinal cord at birth ends in what level

A

L3

88
Q

Promotes flexor and inhibits extensor activity

A

Rubrospinal

89
Q

Bilateral motor paralysis, loss of pain and temperature.

A

Anterior cord

90
Q

Boundaries of triangle of auscultation. (3)

A

Trapezius
Latissimus dorsi
Medial border of scapula

91
Q

Most dislocated carpal bone.

A

Lunate dislocation

92
Q

Localized thickening and contracture of palmar aponeurosis.

A

Dupuyteren conracture

93
Q

Compression of the lower trunk of the brachial plexus and subclavian vessels, most commonly within the scalene triangle.

A

Thoracic outlet syndrome

94
Q

Shallow depression formed with articulation between humerus and scapula.

A

Glenoid cavity

95
Q

Type of joint:
Elbow joint

A

Synovial Hinge joint

96
Q

Strongest flexor of thigh

A

Iliopsoas

97
Q

Origin of rectus femoris

A

Anterior Inferior Iliac Spine

98
Q

Origin of Sartorius and Tensor fascia lata

A

ASIS

99
Q

Innervation of posterior compartment of the thigh.

A

Sciatic nerve

100
Q

Adductor canal

A

Saphenous nerve

101
Q

Anterior tarsal tunnel syndrome

A

Deep peroneal nerve

102
Q

Posterior tarsal tunnel syndrome.

A

Tibial nerve

103
Q

Muscle of the thigh with dual innervation.

A

Adductor Magnus

104
Q

Femoral sheath is formed by?

A

Fascia transversalis and Fascia Iliaca

105
Q

Most lateral structure within femoral sheath

A

Femoral artery

106
Q

Most lateral structure within femoral triangle

A

Femoral nerve

107
Q

Waddling gait

A

Superior gluteal nerve

108
Q

Trendelenburg sign

A

Superior gluteal nerve

109
Q

Piriformis syndrome

A

Sciatic nerve

110
Q

Intragluteal injections

A

Sciatic nerve

111
Q

Foot drop

A

Deep peroneal nerve

112
Q

Steppage gait

A

Deep peroneal nerve

113
Q

Extensor of the thigh supplied by inferior gluteal nerve.

A

Gluteus maximus

114
Q

Largest branch of lumbar plexus.

A

L2,L3, L4 - Femoral nerve

115
Q

Waddling gait, weakness of Gluteus medius and minimus

A

Superior gluteal nerve injury

116
Q

Intramuscular injection

A

Superolateral part of buttock

117
Q

Eversion and plantarflexion of foot

A

Peroneus longus and brevis

118
Q

Medial boundary of popliteal fossa.

A

Semimembranosus and Semitendinosus

119
Q

Eversion and plantar flexion of the foot

A

Peroneus longus and brevis

120
Q

Medial boundary of popliteal fossa.

A

Semimembranosus and Semitendinosus

121
Q

Neck of hernial sac lies below and lateral to the pubic tubercle and medial to femoral artery and vein.

A

Femoral hernia

122
Q

Neck of femoral hernia sac lies at the femoral ring and related anteriorly to the _______ ligament. Posteriorly to the __________ ligament and medially to the _______ ligament.

A

Anteriorly: Inguinal ligament
Posteriorly: Pectineal ligament
Medially: Lacunar ligament

123
Q

Tendon reflexes:
Biceps brachii

A

C5

124
Q

Tendon reflex :
Brachioradialis

A

C6

125
Q

Tendon reflex :
Triceps brachii

A

C7

126
Q

Tendon reflex :
Patellar tendon

A

L4

127
Q

Tendon reflex :
Achilles Tendon

A

S1

128
Q

Foot drop

A

Common Peroneal Nerve Injury

129
Q

Posterior displacement of femur on tibia; LAX during flexion

A

Anterior Cruciate Ligament

130
Q

Ligament of the knee located in the center that controls the rotation and forward movement of the tibia.

A

Anterior cruciate ligament

131
Q

Ligament of the knee located in the center that controls the rotation and forward movement of the tibia.

A

Anterior cruciate ligament

132
Q

Unhappy triad of injuries ( O’ Donoghue )

A

ACL, MCL, Medial Meniscus

133
Q

Tibia bent medially, rupture of lateral / fibular collateral ligament.

A

Genu varum ( Bow Leg)

134
Q

Part of the knee injured by a medially directed force from the lateral side ( valgus stress)

A

Medial collateral ligament

135
Q

Part of the knee injured by a leterally directed force or force from the medial side ( varus stress)

A

Lateral Collateral ligament

136
Q

Anterior displacement of tibia over the femur.

A

ACL injury

137
Q

Extrinsic muscles of the back that do not contribute to the limb movements.

A

Serratus posterior superior
Serratus posterior inferior

138
Q

Largest branch of the sacral plexus?

A

Sciatic nerve

139
Q

Largest branch of the brachial plexus?

A

Radial nerve

140
Q

Largest branch of the lumbar plexus?

A

Femoral nerve

141
Q

Largest branch of the lumbo-sacral plexus?

A

Sciatic nerve

142
Q

Largest bone of the foot?

A

Calcaneum

143
Q

Largest bone carpal bone?

A

Capitate

144
Q

Largest carpal bone in the proximal row?

A

Scaphoid

145
Q

Largest carpal bone in the distal row?

A

Capitate

146
Q

Bones contributing to the arches of the foot?
Medial arch (9)

A
  1. Calcaneus
  2. Talus
  3. Navicular
  4. Three Cuniforms
  5. First three metatarsals

Met Three Cute Ca Ta Na

147
Q

Bones contributing to the arches of the foot?
Lateral arch (4)

A
  1. Calcaneus
  2. Cuboid
  3. 4th Metatarsal
  4. 5th Metatarsal

Met 4-5 Caloric (Chubby) Cub
Calcaneus is present in both medial & lateral arch

148
Q

Bones contributing to the arches of the foot?
Transverse arch (5)

A
  1. Metatarsal bases
  2. Cuboid
  3. Three cuneiform bones

Met 3 Cute Cubs

149
Q

Function of the meniscus?

A

Even out weight distribution of the body weight from the femur to the tibia ( inner 2/3 is avascular)

150
Q

Skeletal components involved in the unhappy triad include (3)

A

Patella
Femur
Tibia

Unhappy Thin Skeleton of Phineas and Ferb
Ligaments AMM : ACL , MCL, Medial Meniscus

151
Q

Muscle strengthened to help alleviate pain in unhappy triad injury.

A

Hamstrings

Anatomy (10 decks)

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