Thorax Flashcards
1
Q
Lungs normally mature at?
A
36 weeks
2
Q
Transverse processes of T3 articulate which part of the ribs?
A
Tubercle of the 3rd rib
3
Q
Structures located at the level of the sternal angle of Louis. (5)
A
- Second ribs articulation with the sternum
- Aortic arch beginning and ending
- Trachea bifurcation into R/L bronchi
- Inferior border of Superior mediastinum
- Level of Intervertebral disc T4-T5
4
Q
True ribs
A
Ribs 1-7
5
Q
False ribs
A
Ribs 8-10
6
Q
Floating or free ribd
A
Ribs 11 & 12
7
Q
Weakest parts of the ribs?
A
Anterior to its angle
8
Q
Characteristics of typical ribs? (4)
A
- A head with 2 facets
- A neck
- A tubercle
- A twisted body
9
Q
Rib 1 is atypical because it has. (3)
A
- Head with 1 facet
- Horizontal body
- Scalene tubercle with 2 depressions for the subclavian artery & vein
Tip: lahat nang may 1 , 1 lang ang facet
( Rib 1, 10, 11, 12)
10
Q
What is damaged when an object is impaled in the first ICS?
A
Upper half of the Superior Vena Cava
11
Q
What is damaged when an object is impaled in the second ICS?
A
Lower half of the Superior Vena Cava
12
Q
Muscle whose origin is the vertebra that works by elevating the ribs.
A
Serratus Posterior Superior
13
Q
Thoracic duct drains Lymph from most of the body except?
A
- Right side of the head & neck
- Right upper extremity
- Right breast & Right lung - Drained by Right lymphatic duct
14
Q
Thymus & Inferior Parathyroid gland arises from?
A
3rd Pharyngeal Pouch
15
Q
Hassall corpuscles is found in the?
A
Thymus ( Cortex)
16
Q
Right border of the heart is formed by?
A
Right atrium
SVC
IVC
17
Q
Man with the history of RHD. PE showed significant diastolic murmur. Affected valve best evaluated at which location?
A
Left 5th ICS ( Mitral Valve)
18
Q
Accompanying artery of the great cardiac vein?
A
Anterior Interventricular Artery
19
Q
Accompanying artery of the middle cardiac vein?
A
Posterior Interventricular Artery
20
Q
Accompanying artery of the small cardiac vein?
A
Right Marginal Artery
21
Q
Triangle of Koch Boundaries? (3)
A
3Ts of Koch
1. Tricuspid
2. Tunnel of Coronary Sinus
3. Tendon of Todaro
22
Q
Tributaries of Coronary Sinus?
A
- Great Cardiac Vein
- Small Cardiac Vein
- Middle Cardiac Vein
- Oblique Vein
23
Q
Which 5 veins directly drain into the RA?
A
- SVC
- IVC
- Coronary Sinus
- Anterior Cardiac Vein
- Thesbian Veins ( Smallest Cardiac Veins)
24
Q
What is the valve of the IVC?
A
Eustachian Valve
(VICE ganda) IVCEust
25
What is the valve of Coronary Sinus?
Thesbian Valve
26
What is the smooth part of the RA?
Sinus Venarum
(Smooth Vena)
27
What is the rough part of the RA?
Pectinate Muscles / Muscusli Pectinati
28
Which separates the smooth & rough part of the RA?
Crista Terminalis Internally
Sulcus Terminalis Externally
29
What is the remnant of foramen ovale?
Fossa Ovalis
30
Failure of Fossa Ovalis to close results in?
ASD ( MC Type: Secundum)
31
What is the ear-like structure in RA?
Auricle
32
Major Coronary Veins & accompanying arteries:
**Great Cardiac Vein **
Anterior Interventricular Artery
33
Most commonly occluded Coronary Artery?
LAD : Left Anterior Descending Artery
34
Major Coronary Veins & accompanying arteries:
**Middle Cardiac Vein **
Posterior Interventricular Artery
35
Posterior Interventricular Artery origins in codominance with?
1. Right Coronary Artery
2. Circumflex branch of the Left Coronary Artery
36
Right coronary artery branches? (4)
1. Right conus artery
2. Anterior & Posterior Ventricular branches
3. Posterior Interventricular ( Descending) Artery
4. Atrial branches
(RAPPA)
RCA descends in the Right Coronary Sulcus
37
Left coronary artery branches? (2)
1. Anterior Interventricular ( Left Anterior Descending) Artery
2. Circumflex Artery
LCA passes forward between the Pulmonary Trunk and the Left Auricle.
38
Right coronary artery arises from?
1. Right Anterior Aortic Sinus
2. Left coronary artery : Left Posterior Aortic Sinus
39
Blood supply of SA and AV Nodes?
Right Coronary Artery
40
Major Coronary Veins and Accompanying Artery:
**Small Cardiac Vein**
Right Marginal Artery
41
SA Node is located at the?
Junction of Crista Terminalis in the UPPER wall of RA and the opening of SVC.
42
Most Posterior Chamber of the heart ?
Left Atrium
( BackLA)
43
Fossa Ovalis is located at?
Right Atrium
44
Most common type of CHD?
Membranous VSD
45
Adult derivative of the Left Umbilical Vein?
Ligamentum Teres / Round Ligament of the Liver
( LUV your Liver)
46
Fascia overlying the apices of the lungs above the superior thoracic inlet on each side?
Sibson’s Fascia ( Suprapleural Membrane)
47
Radiologic features of Atelectasis?
Homogenous dense shadow, white in appearance.
48
Effect of Atelectasis to the position of the heart?
Shifted **TOWARDS** the Atelectatic Lung
49
Effect of Atelectasis to the position of the diaphragm ?
Elevates
50
Location of Heart Sound Auscultation?
Mnemonic: Always Pray To Mary at 22:45 before sleeping
Aortic : 2nd ICS , Right
Pulmonic: 2nd ICS, Left
Tricuspid: 4th ICS, Left
Mitral: 5th ICS, Right (Apex ) of the Heart
51
Lower Margin of the Lungs location ?
MCL : 6th Rib
MAL: 8th Rib
Sides of Vertebral Column: 10th Rib
52
Lowest area of the Pleural Cavity?
Costodiaphragmatic Recess
53
What Syndrome causes Hoarseness due to the Compression of Left Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve by LA enlargement.
Ortner Syndrome
54
Lung lobe to be excised when there is a tumor on the cardiac notch?
Superior lobe of the left lung
55
Corresponds to the middle lobe of Right Lung located on the Left Lung?
Lingula
56
Lingula Location ?
Upper Lobe, Left Lung
57
Why foreign bodies pass more often to the right main bronchus?
Right bronchus is :
Wider
Shorter
More Vertical
58
When the Right Main Bronchus is completely obstructed, which part of the lungs will collapse?
Right Middle & Inferior Lobes
59
Muscle of Inspiration? (6)
Diaphragm
**External** Intercostals
SCM
Scalene Muscles
Pectoralis **Minor**
Serratus **Anterior**
External, Minor, Anterior
60
Action of the Intercostal Muscles.
** Internal**
Depresses Rib Cage= Reduced Thoracic Volume
**External**
Elevates Ribs= Increased Thoracic Volume
61
Cartilaginous part of the sternum ossifies at age 40?
Xiphoid Process
62
Muscles of Expiration (5)
Internal Intercostals
Transversus Thoracis
**External Oblique**
Rectus Abdominis
**Internal Oblique**
63
Aspiration Pneumonia associated with which bronchopulmonary segment?
**Superior** Segments of the **Lower Lobes**
64
Internal thoracic vein drainage?
Brachiocephalic Vein
65
Formed by the union of the Subclavian & Internal Jugular Vein at the Root of the Neck?
Brachiocephalic Vein ( together forms the IVC)
66
Branches of the Arch of Aorta? (3)
From Right to Left ( BCS)
**Brachiocephalic** trunk - 1st largest branch , split into right common carotid & right subclavian arteries.
Left Common **Carotid** Artery - supplies the left side of head and neck
Left **Subclavian** Artery - supplies the left upper limb
67
Resorption of Ribs and Notching seen on X-rays;
Blood pressure higher in the Upper Limbs than Lower Limbs. What cardiac anomaly?
Coarctation of Aorta
68
Characteristic of Costal Cartilages? (4)
1st articulate with the **Manubrium ( Synchondrosis) **
2nd-7th articulate with the **Lateral border of the Sternum**
8-10th articulate with the **Rib Above**
11-12th end in the **Abdominal Musculature**
69
Ends at the level of the 3rd Right Costal Cartilage to enter the Right Atrium?
Superior Vena Cava
70
Tributaries of the IVC (7)
1. Hepatic Veins
2. Right Suprarenal Vein
3. Right & Left Renal Veins
4. Right Gonadal Vein
5. Inferior Phrenic Vein
6. Lumbar Veins / Right & Left Common Iliac Veins
7. Median Sacral Vein
71
Differentiate SVC from IVC.
**IVC** : Larger, (+) Rudimentary Valve
**SVC** : No valve
72
Collateral veins when there’s obstruction to the SVC & IVC?
(VILA)
Vertebral Veins
Internal Mammary
Long thoracic
Azygous
73
Formed by the union of Right Ascending Lumbar & Right Subcostal Vein , connects SVC from IVC.
Azygous Vein
74
Layer of loose connective tissue separating Breast from the deep fascia?
Retromammary Space
75
Retraction of Nipple is caused by?
Pulling of Lactiferous Ducts
76
Skin Dimpling is caused by?
Shortening of the Suspensory / Cooper Ligament
77
Winging of Scapula is caused by?
Long Thoracic nerve injury
78
Weakness of Latissimus dorsi.
Thoracodorsal Nerve Injury
79
Blood supply of the breast (4)
** LIIT breast **
Lateral thoracic artery
Intercostal arteries
Internal thoracic arteries
Thoracoacromial artery
80
Breast cancer commonly occur at what breast quadrant?
Upper Lateral Quadrant
81
The base of the breast extends from?
2nd to 6th Rib
82
Each breasts consists of how many lobes?
15-20 lobes
83
Upward & Lateral extension that pierces the deep fascia at the Lower border of Pectoralis Major?
Axillary Tail
84
Lymphatic drainage of the Upper Outer Quadrant of the Breast?
Ipsilateral Axillary Lymph nodes
85
Lies at the level of T10 ; transmits the ** Esophagus, Vagus Nerve, Sympathetic Nerve Branches**
Esophageal Hiatus
86
Lies at the level of T8; transmits **IVC and Right Phrenic Nerve**
Caval Hiatus
87
Lies at the level of T12; transmits ** Aorta, Thoracic duct , Azygous & Hemiazygous Veins**
Aortic Hiatus
88
Left Recurrent Laryngeal nerve hooks around what artery?
Arch of Aorta
89
Inferior border of the heart occupied mostly by what chamber?
Right Ventricle
90
First heart sound is cause by ?
closure of AV Valves ( Mitral & Tricuspid)
91
Supplies the Left atrium and Ventricle
Circumflex branch of the Left Coronary Artery
92
Located at the Interarterial Septum superior to the opening of Coronary Sinus
AV Node
93
Second part of the Subclavian Artery gives rise to
Costocervical Artery
94
Characteristics of the Myocardium?
Striated
Centrally Placed Nucleus
Less developed sarcoplasm
95
Most frequently fractured ribs?
Ribs 5-10
96
Numbness and pain in the Upper Extremities after a vehicular accident. Nerve injured?
Brachial Plexus Injury
97
Chamber of the heart that receives less blood in each successive diastolic period in case of cardiac tamponade.
Right atrium
98
Part of the aorta , if injured , would result to hemopericardium and tamponade.
Ascending Aorta
99
Innervation of the pericardium ?
Phrenic Nerve
