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Anatomy > Thorax > Flashcards

Thorax Flashcards

1
Q

Lungs normally mature at?

A

36 weeks

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2
Q

Transverse processes of T3 articulate which part of the ribs?

A

Tubercle of the 3rd rib

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3
Q

Structures located at the level of the sternal angle of Louis. (5)

A
  1. Second ribs articulation with the sternum
  2. Aortic arch beginning and ending
  3. Trachea bifurcation into R/L bronchi
  4. Inferior border of Superior mediastinum
  5. Level of Intervertebral disc T4-T5
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4
Q

True ribs

A

Ribs 1-7

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5
Q

False ribs

A

Ribs 8-10

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6
Q

Floating or free ribd

A

Ribs 11 & 12

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7
Q

Weakest parts of the ribs?

A

Anterior to its angle

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8
Q

Characteristics of typical ribs? (4)

A
  1. A head with 2 facets
  2. A neck
  3. A tubercle
  4. A twisted body
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9
Q

Rib 1 is atypical because it has. (3)

A
  1. Head with 1 facet
  2. Horizontal body
  3. Scalene tubercle with 2 depressions for the subclavian artery & vein

Tip: lahat nang may 1 , 1 lang ang facet
( Rib 1, 10, 11, 12)

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10
Q

What is damaged when an object is impaled in the first ICS?

A

Upper half of the Superior Vena Cava

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11
Q

What is damaged when an object is impaled in the second ICS?

A

Lower half of the Superior Vena Cava

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12
Q

Muscle whose origin is the vertebra that works by elevating the ribs.

A

Serratus Posterior Superior

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13
Q

Thoracic duct drains Lymph from most of the body except?

A
  1. Right side of the head & neck
  2. Right upper extremity
  3. Right breast & Right lung - Drained by Right lymphatic duct
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14
Q

Thymus & Inferior Parathyroid gland arises from?

A

3rd Pharyngeal Pouch

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15
Q

Hassall corpuscles is found in the?

A

Thymus ( Cortex)

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16
Q

Right border of the heart is formed by?

A

Right atrium
SVC
IVC

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17
Q

Man with the history of RHD. PE showed significant diastolic murmur. Affected valve best evaluated at which location?

A

Left 5th ICS ( Mitral Valve)

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18
Q

Accompanying artery of the great cardiac vein?

A

Anterior Interventricular Artery

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19
Q

Accompanying artery of the middle cardiac vein?

A

Posterior Interventricular Artery

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20
Q

Accompanying artery of the small cardiac vein?

A

Right Marginal Artery

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21
Q

Triangle of Koch Boundaries? (3)

A

3Ts of Koch
1. Tricuspid
2. Tunnel of Coronary Sinus
3. Tendon of Todaro

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22
Q

Tributaries of Coronary Sinus?

A
  1. Great Cardiac Vein
  2. Small Cardiac Vein
  3. Middle Cardiac Vein
  4. Oblique Vein
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23
Q

Which 5 veins directly drain into the RA?

A
  1. SVC
  2. IVC
  3. Coronary Sinus
  4. Anterior Cardiac Vein
  5. Thesbian Veins ( Smallest Cardiac Veins)
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24
Q

What is the valve of the IVC?

A

Eustachian Valve

(VICE ganda) IVCEust

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25
Q

What is the valve of Coronary Sinus?

A

Thesbian Valve

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26
Q

What is the smooth part of the RA?

A

Sinus Venarum

(Smooth Vena)

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27
Q

What is the rough part of the RA?

A

Pectinate Muscles / Muscusli Pectinati

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28
Q

Which separates the smooth & rough part of the RA?

A

Crista Terminalis Internally
Sulcus Terminalis Externally

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29
Q

What is the remnant of foramen ovale?

A

Fossa Ovalis

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30
Q

Failure of Fossa Ovalis to close results in?

A

ASD ( MC Type: Secundum)

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31
Q

What is the ear-like structure in RA?

A

Auricle

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32
Q

Major Coronary Veins & accompanying arteries:
**Great Cardiac Vein **

A

Anterior Interventricular Artery

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33
Q

Most commonly occluded Coronary Artery?

A

LAD : Left Anterior Descending Artery

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34
Q

Major Coronary Veins & accompanying arteries:
**Middle Cardiac Vein **

A

Posterior Interventricular Artery

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35
Q

Posterior Interventricular Artery origins in codominance with?

A
  1. Right Coronary Artery
  2. Circumflex branch of the Left Coronary Artery
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36
Q

Right coronary artery branches? (4)

A
  1. Right conus artery
  2. Anterior & Posterior Ventricular branches
  3. Posterior Interventricular ( Descending) Artery
  4. Atrial branches

(RAPPA)
RCA descends in the Right Coronary Sulcus

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37
Q

Left coronary artery branches? (2)

A
  1. Anterior Interventricular ( Left Anterior Descending) Artery
  2. Circumflex Artery

LCA passes forward between the Pulmonary Trunk and the Left Auricle.

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38
Q

Right coronary artery arises from?

A
  1. Right Anterior Aortic Sinus
  2. Left coronary artery : Left Posterior Aortic Sinus
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39
Q

Blood supply of SA and AV Nodes?

A

Right Coronary Artery

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40
Q

Major Coronary Veins and Accompanying Artery:
Small Cardiac Vein

A

Right Marginal Artery

41
Q

SA Node is located at the?

A

Junction of Crista Terminalis in the UPPER wall of RA and the opening of SVC.

42
Q

Most Posterior Chamber of the heart ?

A

Left Atrium

( BackLA)

43
Q

Fossa Ovalis is located at?

A

Right Atrium

44
Q

Most common type of CHD?

A

Membranous VSD

45
Q

Adult derivative of the Left Umbilical Vein?

A

Ligamentum Teres / Round Ligament of the Liver

( LUV your Liver)

46
Q

Fascia overlying the apices of the lungs above the superior thoracic inlet on each side?

A

Sibson’s Fascia ( Suprapleural Membrane)

47
Q

Radiologic features of Atelectasis?

A

Homogenous dense shadow, white in appearance.

48
Q

Effect of Atelectasis to the position of the heart?

A

Shifted TOWARDS the Atelectatic Lung

49
Q

Effect of Atelectasis to the position of the diaphragm ?

50
Q

Location of Heart Sound Auscultation?

A

Mnemonic: Always Pray To Mary at 22:45 before sleeping
Aortic : 2nd ICS , Right
Pulmonic: 2nd ICS, Left
Tricuspid: 4th ICS, Left
Mitral: 5th ICS, Right (Apex ) of the Heart

51
Q

Lower Margin of the Lungs location ?

A

MCL : 6th Rib
MAL: 8th Rib
Sides of Vertebral Column: 10th Rib

52
Q

Lowest area of the Pleural Cavity?

A

Costodiaphragmatic Recess

53
Q

What Syndrome causes Hoarseness due to the Compression of Left Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve by LA enlargement.

A

Ortner Syndrome

54
Q

Lung lobe to be excised when there is a tumor on the cardiac notch?

A

Superior lobe of the left lung

55
Q

Corresponds to the middle lobe of Right Lung located on the Left Lung?

56
Q

Lingula Location ?

A

Upper Lobe, Left Lung

57
Q

Why foreign bodies pass more often to the right main bronchus?

A

Right bronchus is :
Wider
Shorter
More Vertical

58
Q

When the Right Main Bronchus is completely obstructed, which part of the lungs will collapse?

A

Right Middle & Inferior Lobes

59
Q

Muscle of Inspiration? (6)

A

Diaphragm
External Intercostals
SCM
Scalene Muscles
Pectoralis Minor
Serratus Anterior

External, Minor, Anterior

60
Q

Action of the Intercostal Muscles.

A

** Internal**
Depresses Rib Cage= Reduced Thoracic Volume

External
Elevates Ribs= Increased Thoracic Volume

61
Q

Cartilaginous part of the sternum ossifies at age 40?

A

Xiphoid Process

62
Q

Muscles of Expiration (5)

A

Internal Intercostals
Transversus Thoracis
External Oblique
Rectus Abdominis
Internal Oblique

63
Q

Aspiration Pneumonia associated with which bronchopulmonary segment?

A

Superior Segments of the Lower Lobes

64
Q

Internal thoracic vein drainage?

A

Brachiocephalic Vein

65
Q

Formed by the union of the Subclavian & Internal Jugular Vein at the Root of the Neck?

A

Brachiocephalic Vein ( together forms the IVC)

66
Q

Branches of the Arch of Aorta? (3)

A

From Right to Left ( BCS)
Brachiocephalic trunk - 1st largest branch , split into right common carotid & right subclavian arteries.
Left Common Carotid Artery - supplies the left side of head and neck
Left Subclavian Artery - supplies the left upper limb

67
Q

Resorption of Ribs and Notching seen on X-rays;
Blood pressure higher in the Upper Limbs than Lower Limbs. What cardiac anomaly?

A

Coarctation of Aorta

68
Q

Characteristic of Costal Cartilages? (4)

A

1st articulate with the **Manubrium ( Synchondrosis) **
2nd-7th articulate with the Lateral border of the Sternum
8-10th articulate with the Rib Above
11-12th end in the Abdominal Musculature

69
Q

Ends at the level of the 3rd Right Costal Cartilage to enter the Right Atrium?

A

Superior Vena Cava

70
Q

Tributaries of the IVC (7)

A
  1. Hepatic Veins
  2. Right Suprarenal Vein
  3. Right & Left Renal Veins
  4. Right Gonadal Vein
  5. Inferior Phrenic Vein
  6. Lumbar Veins / Right & Left Common Iliac Veins
  7. Median Sacral Vein
71
Q

Differentiate SVC from IVC.

A

IVC : Larger, (+) Rudimentary Valve

SVC : No valve

72
Q

Collateral veins when there’s obstruction to the SVC & IVC?

A

(VILA)
Vertebral Veins
Internal Mammary
Long thoracic
Azygous

73
Q

Formed by the union of Right Ascending Lumbar & Right Subcostal Vein , connects SVC from IVC.

A

Azygous Vein

74
Q

Layer of loose connective tissue separating Breast from the deep fascia?

A

Retromammary Space

75
Q

Retraction of Nipple is caused by?

A

Pulling of Lactiferous Ducts

76
Q

Skin Dimpling is caused by?

A

Shortening of the Suspensory / Cooper Ligament

77
Q

Winging of Scapula is caused by?

A

Long Thoracic nerve injury

78
Q

Weakness of Latissimus dorsi.

A

Thoracodorsal Nerve Injury

79
Q

Blood supply of the breast (4)

A

** LIIT breast **
Lateral thoracic artery
Intercostal arteries
Internal thoracic arteries
Thoracoacromial artery

80
Q

Breast cancer commonly occur at what breast quadrant?

A

Upper Lateral Quadrant

81
Q

The base of the breast extends from?

A

2nd to 6th Rib

82
Q

Each breasts consists of how many lobes?

A

15-20 lobes

83
Q

Upward & Lateral extension that pierces the deep fascia at the Lower border of Pectoralis Major?

A

Axillary Tail

84
Q

Lymphatic drainage of the Upper Outer Quadrant of the Breast?

A

Ipsilateral Axillary Lymph nodes

85
Q

Lies at the level of T10 ; transmits the ** Esophagus, Vagus Nerve, Sympathetic Nerve Branches**

A

Esophageal Hiatus

86
Q

Lies at the level of T8; transmits IVC and Right Phrenic Nerve

A

Caval Hiatus

87
Q

Lies at the level of T12; transmits ** Aorta, Thoracic duct , Azygous & Hemiazygous Veins**

A

Aortic Hiatus

88
Q

Left Recurrent Laryngeal nerve hooks around what artery?

A

Arch of Aorta

89
Q

Inferior border of the heart occupied mostly by what chamber?

A

Right Ventricle

90
Q

First heart sound is cause by ?

A

closure of AV Valves ( Mitral & Tricuspid)

91
Q

Supplies the Left atrium and Ventricle

A

Circumflex branch of the Left Coronary Artery

92
Q

Located at the Interarterial Septum superior to the opening of Coronary Sinus

93
Q

Second part of the Subclavian Artery gives rise to

A

Costocervical Artery

94
Q

Characteristics of the Myocardium?

A

Striated
Centrally Placed Nucleus
Less developed sarcoplasm

95
Q

Most frequently fractured ribs?

96
Q

Numbness and pain in the Upper Extremities after a vehicular accident. Nerve injured?

A

Brachial Plexus Injury

97
Q

Chamber of the heart that receives less blood in each successive diastolic period in case of cardiac tamponade.

A

Right atrium

98
Q

Part of the aorta , if injured , would result to hemopericardium and tamponade.

A

Ascending Aorta

99
Q

Innervation of the pericardium ?

A

Phrenic Nerve

Anatomy (10 decks)

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