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Anatomy > Abdomen > Flashcards

Abdomen Flashcards

1
Q

At the level of ASIS , The posterior wall of rectus sheath is formed by?

A

Transversalis Fascia

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2
Q

Internal oblique becomes

A

Cremasteric Muscle

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3
Q

External oblique becomes

A

External Spermatic Fascia

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4
Q

Transversalis fascia becomes

A

Internal Spermatic Fascia

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5
Q

Superior and Lateral border of Hesselbach triangle is the _________?

A

Inferior epigastric artery

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6
Q

Identify what type of hernia.
Patent processus vaginalis , lateral to inferior epigastric vessels ; enters the scrotum.

A

Indirect Inguinal Hernia

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7
Q

Abdominal policemen

A

Omentum

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8
Q

Lymphatic drainage of the stomach

A

Celiac Nodes

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9
Q

Brings Oxygenated blood to the liver?

A

Hepatic Artery

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10
Q

Jejunum vs Ileum

A

Jejunum - few arterial arcades, longer vasa recta

Ileum- more arterial arcades, shorter vasa recta

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11
Q

Hepatodoudenal ligament conducts portal triad? (3)

A

Portal vein posterior
Common bile duct anterior to the right
Hepatic artery anterior to the left

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12
Q

Arise from T12 , supply foregut and body of spleen?

A

Celiac artery

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13
Q

Arise from L1 , supply midgut

A

SMA

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14
Q

Arise from L3 , supply hindgut

A

IMA

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15
Q

Length of esophagus ?

A

10 inches / 25 cm long

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16
Q

Supplies fundus of stomach ?

A

Short gastric artery from splenic artery

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17
Q

More fat , many prominent arcades, short vasa recta, and small and widely separated plicae?

A

Ileum

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18
Q

Larger , more numerous, closely set in the jejunum than ileum?

A

Valves of Kercking / Plicae circulares

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19
Q

Present in ileum but absent in jejunum?

A

Peyer’s patches

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20
Q

Anatomical basis of hematemesis, spider nevi and caput medusae? (3)

A
  1. Blood from portal venous system is shunted to the periumbilical veins manifesting as dilated paraumbilical collateral veins pattern similar to the head of Medusa.
  2. As the pressure in the portal vein rises , blood flow in the portocaval anastomoses reverses causing portal blood to enter the systemic circulation.
  3. Blood flow forms anastomoses at the inferior end of the esophagus to produce esophageal varices.
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21
Q

Cause of ascites? (3)

A
  1. Increased pressure in the portal vein results in the increase in the pressure in the splenic and superior and inferior mesenteric veins.
  2. Fluid is forced out of the capillary beds into the peritoneal cavity.
  3. Portal hypertension causes protein containing liquid to leak from the surface of the liver to accumulate in the peritoneal cavity.
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22
Q

Methods to reduce portal blood pressure? (2)

A
  1. Creating anastomosis from portal vein to inferior vena cava (portocaval anastomosis)
  2. Creating anastomosis from the splenic vein to the left renal vein (splenorenal anastomosis)
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23
Q

Vascular lesions consisting of central arteriole surrounded by many smaller vessels occurring due to increase in estradiol.

A

Spider angiomata

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24
Q

Present in the small intestine but absent in large intestine? (4)

A

Plicae circulares
Peyer’s patches
Villi
Paneth cells

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25
Q

Structure Obstructed by tumors at the head of the pancreas?

A

Common bile duct

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26
Q

Obstructed jaundice cause what type of cancer?

A

Cancer in the head of pancreas

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27
Q

Cells that Secretes Somatostatin?

A

Delta cells

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28
Q

Functional parts of the left lobe of liver? (2)

A

Quadrate lobe
Caudate lobe

29
Q

Anatomical changes in the hepatic parenchymal cells in liver cirrhosis? (3)

A
  1. Progressive destruction of parenchymal cells.
  2. Cells are replaced by fibrous tissues that contract and harden.
  3. Fibrous tissues surround the intrahepatic blood vessels and the biliary radicles causing increase pressure in the portal veins.
30
Q

Borders of Foramen of Winslow / Epiploic Foramen?

A

Anterior: Hepatodoudenal ligament, Portal vein, Hepatic artery, Bile duct
Posterior: IVC
Superior: Caudate lobe liver
Inferior: Superior part of Doudenum

31
Q

Lymph drainage of liver?

A

Celiac nodes

32
Q

Anterior segments of liver? (2)

A

Segments V and VIII

33
Q

Zone most susceptible of injury ?

A

Zone 3 ( Perivenous, Pericentral, Centrilobular Zone)

34
Q

Cells that are more numerous in the large intestine than small intestine?

A

Goblet cells

35
Q

The free margin of the lesser omentum contains what structure?

A

Portal triad

36
Q

Forms most of the head of the pancreas including the unicate process?

A

Ventral Pancreatic Bud

37
Q

Forms the remainder of the head of the pancreas, body and tail?

A

Dorsal pancreatic bud

38
Q

Gallbladder capacity?

A

30-50ml

39
Q

Blood supply of the proximal segment of the doudenum?

A

Superior pancreaticodoudenal artery

40
Q

Opening of ampulla of vater to doudenum?

A

Major Doudenal Papilla

41
Q

Blood supply of the proximal segment of the duodenum?

A

Superior pancreaticodoudenal artery

42
Q

Cystic artery os a branch of?

A

Right hepatic artery

43
Q

Triangle of Calot boundaries?

A

Liver - Superior
Cystic Duct - Inferior
Common hepatic Duct - Medial
Inside the triangle is the Right Hepatic Artery

44
Q

Valve of Houston?

A

Rectum

45
Q

Appendicular artery arises from?

A

Ileocolic artery

46
Q

How to locate the appendix?

A

Trace the taenia coli on the cecum

47
Q

Hemorrhoids that prolapse through the anus but reduce spontaneously?

A

Grade II

48
Q

Lymph drainage of posterior abdominal wall, kidney, adrenals and gonads. (4)

A

R/ L Lateral Aortic
Para-aortic
Lumbar lymph nodes

49
Q

Muscle of the loin?

A

Psoas major

50
Q

Largest branch of Lumbar Plexus , supplies muscles on anterior thigh and skin on antero-medial aspect.

A

Femoral nerve

51
Q

Areolar tissue outside perirenal fat, encloses kidney and suprarenal glands.

A

Gerota’s fascia

52
Q

Cells that Secretes renin?

A

Juxtaglomerular Granular Cells

53
Q

Renal artery is a branch of ?

A

Aorta

54
Q

Right & Left Renal vein difference ?

A

Left Renal Vein is Longer
LVL

55
Q

Right & Left Renal artery difference ?

A

Right Renal Artery is Longer

RAL

56
Q

Characteristics of Adrenal Gland? (3)

A
  1. Right is pyramid-shaped
  2. Left is crescent ( semilunar)
  3. Yellowish in color
57
Q

Ureter anatomic relations ?

A

Posterior to Gonadal Vessels
Anterior to Internal and Common Iliac Vessels

58
Q

Structures that could be eroded as the result of perforation of an ulcer in the posterior wall of the stomach? (7)

A
  1. Stomach bed
  2. Pancreas
  3. Spleen
  4. Left kidney
  5. Left suprarenal gland
  6. Transverse colon, mesocolon
  7. Diaphragm
59
Q

A tributary of the right gastric vein that passes anterior to the pylorus at its junction with the doudenum?

A

Prepyloric Vein of Mayo

60
Q

Blood supply of the stomach?

A

Lesser curvature : Right & Left Gastric Artery
Greater Curvature: Right & Left Gastro-omental ( Gastroepiploic) artery
Fundus- Short Gastric Artery

61
Q

Pediatric with severe intermittent abdominal pain and currant jelly stools?

A

Intussusception

62
Q

Functional Segment of Caudate Lobe?

A

Segment I

63
Q

Ligament that contains tail of pancreas and splenic vessels?

A

Leinorenal / Splenorenal Ligament

64
Q

The Celiac artery supplies foregut endoderm derivatives except what organ?

A

Spleen ( Mesoderm Derivative)

65
Q

Retroperitoneal organs (8)

A

SAD PUCKER
Suprarenal / Adrenal Glands
Aorta and IVC
Duodenum (2nd- 4th part)

Pancreas ( except tail)
Ueters
Colon
Kidneys
Esophagus ( thoracic portion)
Rectum ( partially)

66
Q

Length of descending colon?

A

10 inches

“ DUDES with 10 inches”
Doudenum
Ureter
Descending colon
Esophagus
Sigmoid colon

67
Q

Structure that shunts a portion of umbilical vein blood flow directly to the IVC, allow oxygenated blood from the placenta to bypass the liver.

A

Ductus venosus

68
Q

Blood supply of the cecum? (4)

A

Anterior / Posterior Cecal Artery
Ileocolic artery
SMA

69
Q

Rectosigmoid junction level?

A

S3 vertebra

Anatomy (10 decks)

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