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Anatomy > BRAIN & SPINE > Flashcards

BRAIN & SPINE Flashcards

1
Q

Contralateral paralysis and sensory loss (LE >UE) , Urinary Incontinence.

A

Anterior Cerebral Artery

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2
Q

-Contralateral paralysis and sensory loss (Face & UE > LE)
-Aphasia in dominant (usually L) hemisphere
-Hemineglect in non dominant (usually R) hemisphere

A

Middle Cerebral Artery

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3
Q

Wernicke aphasia associated with right superior quadrant visual field defect due to temporal lobe involvement.

A

Middle Cerebral Artery

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4
Q

▪️Contralateral paralysis
▪️Pure motor stroke
▪️Absence of cortical signs

A

Lenticulostriate artery

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5
Q

▪️Contralateral hemianopia with macular sparing
▪️ Alexia without agraphia (dominant hemisphere)
▪️ Prosopagnosia (nondominant hemisphere)

A

Posterior Cerebral Artery

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6
Q

▪️Quadriplegia , loss of voluntary facial, mouth and tongue movements.
▪️Loss of horizontal, but not vertical, eye movements .

A

Basilar Artery (Locked-in Syndrome)

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7
Q

▪️Paralysis of face , decreased lacrimation, decreased salivation, decreased taste from anterior 2/3 of tongue.
▪️Vomiting, vertigo, nystagmus
▪️Decreased pain and temperature sensation from ipsilateral face & contralateral body

A

Anterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery

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8
Q

▪️Ipsilateral Horner Syndrome
▪️Ipsilateral ataxia, dysmetria
▪️Ipsilateral sensorineural deafness, vertigo

A

Anterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery

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9
Q

▪️Good fluency
▪️Good comprehension
▪️Poor repetition
▪️Poor naming

A

Conduction Aphasia

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10
Q

Aphasia where patient can comprehend and is fluent but has difficulty repeating words.

A

Conduction Aphasia

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11
Q

Most common type of neuron according to number of processes.

A

Multipolar

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12
Q

Cerebellum is a derivative of what secondary brain vesicle.

A

Metencephalon

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13
Q

Function of Broca’s area. (3)

A

▪️Motor Speech area
▪️For speech production
▪️Regulates breathing patterns while speaking and vocalizations required for normal speech

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14
Q

▪️Dysphagia, hoarseness, Decreased gag reflex, hiccups
▪️Vomiting, vertigo, nystagmus
▪️Decreased pain and temperature sensation from ipsilateral face and contralateral body
▪️Ipsilateral Horner Syndrome
▪️Ispilateral ataxia, dysmetria

A

Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery ( Wallenburg Syndrome)

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15
Q

Ipsilateral ptosis, meiosis, anhidrosis. Da,age along oculosymphathetic pathway.

A

Horner Syndrome

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16
Q

What are the watershed zones? (2)

A
  1. Cortical border zones: ACA/MCA , MCA/PCA
  2. Internal border zones: Between LCA & MCA
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17
Q

Brodmann area 4

A

Primary motor (moves all four)

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18
Q

Brodmann area 1,2,3

A

Primary Somatosensory (Sensor 3)

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19
Q

Brodmann area 17

A

seVenteen = Visual

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20
Q

What is Heschl gyrus ?

A

Temporal gyrus for hearing = Primary Auditory Cortex

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21
Q

Brodmann area 41, 42

A

Horton Hears a who? = Hearing

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22
Q

Brodmann area 44, 45

A

Broca = Broc45 area

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23
Q

Brodmann area 22

A

Two U’s for a W= Wernicke

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24
Q

Only 2 nerves that are supratentorial.

A

CN I & II

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25
Q

▪️Contralateral paralysis
▪️Decreased contralateral propioception
▪️Ipsilateral hypoglossal dysfunction (ipsilateral tongue deviation)

A

Anterior Spinal Artery

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26
Q

▪️No pupillary involvement
▪️Consciousness often preserved
▪️ ACA compression -> contralateral LE weakness

A

Subfalcine herniation

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27
Q

▪️Ipsilateral CN III compression -> Ipsilateral dilated and fixed pupil
▪️Early : Ipsilateral cerebral peduncle compression -> contralateral hemiparesis
▪️Late: Contralateral cerebral peduncle compression -> ipsilateral hemiparesis

A

Uncal herniation / Lateral DTH

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28
Q

▪️Bilateral mid position and fixed pupils (loss of symphathetic and parasympathetic innervation)
▪️Decorticate -> Decerebrate posturing

A

Central Transtentorial Herniation

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29
Q

Brainstem compression -> coma , loss of CN reflexes, flaccid paralysis, respiratory arrest.

A

Tonsillar Herniation

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30
Q

Neural Tube Defects associated with elevated AFP. (5)

A
  1. Gastrochisis
  2. Anencephaly
  3. Conjoined twins
  4. Omphalocele
  5. Spina bifida

(GACOS)

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31
Q

With lucid interval , CT scan appearance is lemon shaped or convex shaped. Caused by injury to the middle meningeal artery.

A

Extradural Hemorrhage

32
Q

What are the 2 layers of dura mater?

A
  1. Endosteal layer
  2. Meningeal layer
33
Q

What are the 2 unpaired facial bones?

A
  1. Vomer
  2. Mandible
34
Q

What are the 2 paired cranial bones?

A
  1. Parietal
  2. Temporal
35
Q

Tearing of bridging veins, CT scan appearance is banana shaped or concave crescent shaped.

A

Subdural Hematoma

36
Q

Parts of the brain that doesn’t have blood brain barrier? (8)

A
  1. Subcommisural organ
  2. Subfornical organ
  3. Habenula
  4. Organosum vaculosm of lamina terminalis
  5. Pineal body
  6. Median eminence
  7. Area of postrema
  8. Neurohypophysis

SSHOP lifter MAN has no barrier

37
Q

Point of meeting and articulation of frontal , parietal, squamous temporal and great wing sphenoid.

A

Pterion

38
Q

Weakest part of the skull.

A

Pterion

39
Q

Location of gray and white matter in the CNS.

A
  1. Brain: Inside - White matter, Outside- gray matter (BIWOG)
  2. Spinal cord: Inside- Gray matter, Outside- White matter (SIGOW)
40
Q

Weight of Pineal gland?

A

172mg

41
Q

What is the derivative of notochord?

A

Nucleus pulposus

42
Q

Absent in baby hair.

A

Medulla

43
Q

Formation of the three primary brain vesicles occurs how many weeks of conception?

A

Primary - 4 weeks AOG
Secondary - 5 weeks AOG

44
Q

Myelencephalon derivatives. (2)

A
  1. Medulla oblongata
  2. Spinal cord
45
Q

The dangerous area of the face.

A

Root of the nose and two angles of the mouth.

46
Q

Actions of the inferior oblique muscle. (3)

A
  1. Extorsion
  2. Elevation
  3. Abduction
    (ExEl Abd)
47
Q

Actions of the superior oblique muscle. (3)

A
  1. Intorsion
  2. Depression
  3. Abdsuction
    (SIDAb)
48
Q

Location of venous sinuses of the brain?

A

Between the periosteal and meningeal layers of the dura mater.

49
Q

Pituitary gland blood supply are branches of ___________?

A

Internal carotid artery

50
Q

Visual field defect associated with pituitary adenoma.

A

Bitemporal hemianopia

51
Q

Releases vasopressin and oxytocin .

A

Posterior pituitary gland

52
Q

Compression of the pituitary gland by tumors expanding superiorly can cause ___________.

A

Bitemporal hemianopsia

53
Q

Patient with hemilateral sensory loss and hemilateral pain with hypersensitivity of affected side without weakness of contralateral side.

A

Dejerine-Roussy Syndrome

54
Q

CSF FLOW (10)

A

Mnemonic: Come Lets Meet Tita Sylvia For Lunch Mamaya sa Aristocrat
1. Choroid
2. Lateral ventricle
3. Foramen of Monroe
4. Third ventricle
5. Aqueduct of Sylvius
6. Fourth ventricle
7. Luschka
8. Magendie
9. Subarachnoid
10. Arachnoid

55
Q

Subdivision of cerebellum responsible for coordination of voluntary movements.

A

Posterior lobe (Nocerebellum or Cerebrocerebellum)

56
Q

Inability to perform rapid alternating movements.

A

Dysdiadochokinesia

57
Q

Foramen that transmits the middle meningeal artery and vein.

A

Foramen spinosum

58
Q

CSF is produced by ____________.

A

Ependymal cells

59
Q

Total volume of CSF.

A

130-150ml

60
Q

Cranial nerves with parasympathetic component.

A

CN III, VII, IX, X (1973)

61
Q

Papez circuit. (4)

A
  1. Mammillary bodies
  2. Anterior thalamic nuclei
  3. Cingulate gyrus
  4. Hippocampus
62
Q

Part of the brain that maintains coordination of limb movements and regulation of muscle tone.

A

Spinocerebellum / Anterior Lobe/ Paleocerebellum

63
Q

Part of the brain that controls coordination of paraxial muscles associated with equilibrium.

A

Vestibulocerebellum / Flocculonodular lobe/ Archiecerebellum

64
Q

Area affected in patients with ataxia, dysmetria, dysdiadokinesia, intention tremor.

A

Cerebrocerebellum / Posterior lobe/ Neocerebellum

65
Q

Blockage of this artery can result to contralateral hemianopia with macular sparing.

A

Posterior cerebral artery

66
Q

Characteristic of UMN lesion. (6)

A
  1. Spastic paralysis
  2. Atrophy (-)
  3. Fasciculation (-)
  4. Pathologic reflex (+)
  5. Clonus (+)
  6. Increased muscle tone
67
Q

Fracture of C2 (axis) vertebra.

A

Hangman’s fracture

68
Q

Fracture of C1 (atlas).

A

Jefferson Burst Fracture

69
Q

Atlanto-axial (C1-C2) joint movement.

A

Rotation

70
Q

Atlanto-occipital joint movements.

A

Flexion-extension
Lateral flexion

71
Q

Blood supply of the Pituitary gland.

A

Superior hypophyseal artery which is a branch of Internal carotid artery.

72
Q

Lobes of the pituitary gland. (2)

A
  1. Anterior:
    - Pars distalis
    - Pars intermedia
    - Pars tuberalis
  2. Posterior:
    - Pars nervosa
73
Q

Calcified secretions of the pineal gland, also known as Brain Sands.

A

Corpora Arenacea

74
Q

Epidural hemorrhage most commonly injured artery?

A

Anterior division of the Middle Meningeal Artery

75
Q

Subdural hemorrhage most commonly injured artery?

A

Tearing or Bridging / Superior Cerebral Veins

76
Q

Subarachnoid hemorrhage most commonly injured artery?

A

Rupture of Congenital Aneurysm in the Circle of Willis
- Posterior Cerebral
- Posterior communicating
- Internal Carotid
- Anterior cerebral
- Anterior communicating

77
Q

Intracerebral hemorrhage most commonly injured artery?

A

Most common in hypertensive patients from rupture of Lenticulostriate Arteries.

Anatomy (10 decks)

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