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Anatomy > Head & Neck > Flashcards

Head & Neck Flashcards

1
Q

Facial muscles: Innervated by Facial Nerves (4)

A
  1. Orbicularis oris : kissing
  2. Zygomaticus: smiling
  3. Risorius: Grinning / Grimace
  4. Buccinator - Blowing / Sucking aka Trumpeter’s Muscle
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2
Q

Muscles of mastication: Innervated by Mandibular division of Trigeminal Nerve. (4)

A
  1. Temporalis : closes jaw
  2. Masseter : closes jaw
  3. Medial Pterygoid : closes jaw
  4. Lateral Pterygoid : opens jaw
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3
Q

Afferent limb of corneal reflex.

A

Nasociliary nerve of the ophthalmic division of Trigeminal nerve.

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4
Q

Other names of middle ear windows?

A
  1. Oval window - Fenestra vestibuli
  2. Round window - Fenestra cochlea
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5
Q

Nerve supply of the lacrimal gland.

A
  1. CN VII : Facial nerve - Submandibular, Sublingual
  2. CN IX: Parotid gland
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6
Q

Structures passing through the optic canal. (3)

A
  1. Optic nerve
  2. Ophthalmic artery
  3. Central artery & vein of the retina
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7
Q

Nerves that sends touch, temperature and pain information from the brain to the muscles.

A
  1. Dorsal & Efferent

Bell Magendie Law : Ventral = Motor , Dorsal = Sensory

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8
Q

Efferent limb of corneal reflex.

A

Facial Nerve

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9
Q

Facial vein begins as angular vein which is formed by the union of what two veins?

A
  1. Supratrochlear vein
  2. Supraorbital vein
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10
Q

Papillae that are arranged in the form of V in front of the sulcus terminalis?

A

Vallate Papillae

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11
Q

Muscles of the tongue innervated by the vagus nerve?

A
  1. Palatoglossus

-The rest of the muscles of the tongue are innervated by hypoglossal nerve.

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12
Q

Action of palatoglossus muscle?

A

Pulls the back of the tongue upward and narrows pharyngeal isthmus.

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13
Q

Responsible for the special sensation in the Anterior 2/3 of the tongue

A

Chorda Tympani / CN 7 / Facial Nerve

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14
Q

Injury of this nerve causes medial deviation or Esotropia and paralysis of abduction of the ipsilateral eye.

A

Abducent Nerve Injury

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15
Q

Cranial nerve palsy causing medial strabismus?

A

Abducens nerve

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16
Q

Anterior transparent part of the eyeball?

A

Cornea

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17
Q

Eye muscle paralyzed causing medial strabismus ?

A

Lateral rectus

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18
Q

Eye muscle that will pull the eyeball opposite the paralyzed muscle.

A

Medial rectus

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19
Q

Origin of the four recti muscles of the eye?

A

Common tendinous ring= Annulus of Zinn

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20
Q

Double vision that occurs only in one eye or only when one eye is open?

A

Monocular diplopia

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21
Q

Site of lesion if there is superior left homonymous quadrantanopia?

A

Right temporal lobe ( Meyers Loop)

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22
Q

Structures opening in the middle meatus? (4)

A
  1. Anterior ethmoid sinus
  2. Middle ethmoid sinus
  3. Maxillary Sinus
  4. Frontal sinus
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23
Q

Sinuses that are present at birth? (2)

A
  1. Maxillary Sinus
  2. Ethmoid Sinus
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24
Q

The arteries that compose the kiesselbach plexus? (4)

A
  1. Sphenopalatine (Maxillary)
  2. Anterior ethmoidal ( ophthalmic)
  3. Greater Palatine ( Maxillary)
  4. Superior Labial ( Facial)
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25
Q

Cone of light is seen in what quadrant?

A

Anteroinferior quadrant

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26
Q

Movement around a vertical axis at the superior and inferior radio-ulnar joints?

A

Rotatory movement

27
Q

Membrane separating scala vestibuli and scala media?

A

Vestibular membrane

28
Q

Embryonic origin of thalamus?

A

Diencephalon

29
Q

External landmarks of the hypothalamus?

A

Optic chiasm
Tuber cinereum
Mammillary bodies

30
Q

Carotid bifurcation. (3)

A

C4- Common carotid
T4- Trachea
L4- Common iliac vessels

31
Q

Muscle that divides the subclavian artery into 3 parts?

A

Scalenus anterior

32
Q

Layers that surrounds the larynx and trachea, encloses the thyroid and parathyroid glands. Forms a false capsule of the thyroid gland.

A

Pretracheal layer

33
Q

Located medial to the apex of the thyroid.

A

Thyroid cartilage

34
Q

Largest endocrine gland in the human body?

A

Thyroid gland

Liver - largest gland in the body

35
Q

Relations to the thyroid gland.
Medial (6)

A

Medial
- larynx, trachea, pharynx, esophagus, cricothyroid, external laryngeal nerve

36
Q

Relations to the thyroid gland.
Posterolateral

A

Carotid sheath

37
Q

Relations to the thyroid gland.
Anterolateral (4)

A

Sternothyroid
Superior belly of Omohyoid
Sternohyoid
SCM

38
Q

Relations to the thyroid gland.
Posterior

A

Parathyroid gland

39
Q

Relations to the thyroid gland.
Superior (2)

A

Thyroid
Cricoid cartilage

40
Q

Contraction of shortening of SCM leading to twisting of the neck with the chin pointing upward and to the opposite side.

A

Torticollis / Wryneck

41
Q

Cricoid cartilage is at what level of cervical vertebra?

A

Level of C6

42
Q

Pharynx transitions to the esophagus at what level?

A

C6 / Lower border of cricoid cartilage

43
Q

Horseshoe shaped bone situated ant midline in the neck and lies at the base of the mandible . Only bone in the body with no articulation?

A

Hyoid bone

44
Q

Infrahyoid muscle that depresses larynx

A

Sternothyroid

45
Q

Muscle that separates the submandibular and sublingual space?

46
Q

Tumors within the oral cavity and lip metastasize first to what level of lymph nodes?

A

Levels I, II, III

47
Q

Zone of the neck that extends from the cricoid cartilage to the level of the angle of Mandible

48
Q

Muscle of the pharynx innervated by the Vagus nerve except?

A

Stylopharyngeus which is innervated by Glossopharyngeal nerve.

49
Q

Palatine tonsillectomy can damage this nerve causing loss of general sensation and taste on posterior 1/3 of tongue?

A

Glossopharyngeal nerve ( CN 9)

50
Q

Nerve associated with superior thyroid artery. Injury produces hoarseness / breathlessness .

A

Recurrent laryngeal nerve

51
Q

Cartilage that forms the laryngeal prominence in the neck.

A

Thyroid cartilage

52
Q

All laryngeal muscles supplied by recurrent / inferior laryngeal nerve except?

A

Cricothyroid - supplied by the External Laryngeal Nerve

53
Q

Most common type of esophageal atresia?

A

Esophageal atresia with TEF at distal end

54
Q

Artery that arises from the aortic arch or brachiocephalic trunk and reaches the thyroid isthmus inferiorly?

A

Thyroid IMA Artery

55
Q

Uncommon arterial supply of the thyroid gland?

A

Thyroidea ima ( present at 12%)

56
Q

Most common site of ectopic thyroid?

57
Q

Cells that synthesize and secrete calcitonin

A

Parafollicular cells

58
Q

Nerve that can be injured during ligation of inferior thyroid artery?

A

Inferior or Recurrent laryngeal nerve

59
Q

Most common site of nose bleeding

A

Septal branches of Sphenopalatine and Facial Vessels

60
Q

Origin of Superior Thyroid Artery?

A

External Carotid Artery

(STA ECA)

61
Q

Origin of Inferior Thyroid Artery ?

A

Thyrocervical Trunk

( ITA TT )

62
Q

Superior Thyroid and Middle Thyroid Vein Drains into?

A

Internal Jugular Vein

63
Q

Inferior Thyroid Vein drains into?

A

Brachiocephalic Vein

Anatomy (10 decks)

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