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Anatomy > Histology > Flashcards

Histology Flashcards

1
Q

What is the basic structural and functional unit of life?

A

Cell

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2
Q

What is the epithelial lining of the heart and blood vessels ?

A

Simple squamous

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3
Q

What is the epithelial lining of the serous surfaces ( pericardium, peritoneum, pleura) ?

A

Simple squamous

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4
Q

What is the epithelial lining of the colon?

A

Simple columnar

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5
Q

What is the epithelial lining of the covering of ovaries?

A

Simple cuboidal

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6
Q

What is the epithelial lining of the thyroid gland follicles?

A

Simple cuboidal

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7
Q

What is the epithelial lining of the collecting tubules of the kidney?

A

Simple cuboidal

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8
Q

What is the epithelial lining of the small intestine?

A

Simple columnar

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9
Q

What is the epithelial lining of the fallopian tubes?

A

Simple columnar

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10
Q

What is the epithelial lining of the respiratory tract?

A

Simple columnar

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11
Q

What is the epithelial lining of the vas deferens ?

A

Simple columnar

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12
Q

What are the organs with simple squamous epithelium?

A
  1. Heart
  2. Blood vessels
  3. Pericardium
  4. Peritoneum
  5. Pleura
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13
Q

What are the organs with simple cuboidal epithelium ?

A
  1. Covering of Ovaries
  2. Thyroid gland follicles
  3. Collecting tubules Of the Kidney
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14
Q

What are the organs with simple columnar epithelium?

A
  1. Colon
  2. Small intestine
  3. Fallopian Tubes
  4. Respiratory Tract
  5. Vas deferens
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15
Q

What are the cells that forms the myelin?

A
  1. Schwann cells
  2. Oligodendrocytes
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16
Q

Surface Ectoderm Examples (10)

A
  1. Sensory organs of the ear
  2. Adenohypophysis
  3. Lens of the eye
  4. Epidermis
  5. Epithelium of the oral cavity
  6. Epithelium of the anal canal below the pectinate line
  7. Parotid Glands
  8. Sweat Glands
  9. Mammary Glands
  10. Olfactory Epithelium
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17
Q

Neural tube from Ectoderm Examples

A
  1. Brain
    - Neurohypophysis
    - CNS neurons
    -All CNS Glial Cells except microglia & pineal gland
  2. Spinal cord
  3. Retina
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18
Q

Neural crest cells from ectoderm examples (10)

A
  1. Enterochromaffin cells
  2. Leptomeninges (arachnoid & pia mater)
  3. Melanocytes
  4. Odontoblasts
  5. PNS ganglia
  6. Adrenal Medulla
  7. Schwann Cells
  8. Spinal membrane / Aorticpulmonary Septum
  9. Endocardial cushions
  10. Skull bones
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19
Q

Mesoderm examples (17)

A
  1. Dermis
  2. Muscle
  3. Bone
  4. Connective tissue
  5. Tracheal cartilage
  6. Cardiovascular structures
  7. Lymphatics & Blood
  8. Serous lining of cavities
  9. Kidneys
  10. Adrenal cortex
  11. Spleen
  12. Wall of gut tube
  13. Upper 2/3 of vagina
  14. Testes & Ovaries
  15. Microglia
  16. Dura mater

(Microglia lumabas sa board exam)

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20
Q

Endoderm examples (13)

A
  1. Gut tube epithelium including anal canal above pectinate line
  2. Most or urethra
  3. Lower 1/3 of vagina

Luminal epithelium derivatives:
4. Lung
5. Liver
6. Gallbladder
7. Pancreas
8. Eustachian tube
9. Thymus
10. Parathyroid
11. Thyroid
12. Follicular cells
13. Parafollicular cells

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21
Q

The most common connective tissue cell that has a euchromatic nucleus and it produces ground substance and extracellular fibers.

A

Fibroblasts

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22
Q

Produces hydrochloric acid and intrinsic factors.

A

Parietal (Oxyntic) Cell

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23
Q

Connective tissue which envelopes muscles.

A

Epimysium

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24
Q

Cell that forms myelin in the CNS.

A

Oligodendrocytes

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25
Q

Most abundant type of cartilage; serves as temporary skeleton for fetus.

A

Hyaline cartilage

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26
Q

Cells that secrete osteoclast stimulating factor in the presence of PTH.

A

Osteoblasts

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27
Q

Types of Collagen fibers (6)

A

Type I: bONE
Type II: carTWOlage and vitreous
Type III: reTHREEculin fibers
Type IV: On the floor - Basement membrane
Type V: buntis five : Fetal Tissue & Placenta
Type VII: Connects the Basement membrane to Reticular Lamina

No type VI

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28
Q

Striated border that is formed by surface of osteoclast that abuts on bone.

A

Ruffled border

29
Q

Deepest single layer of tall cuboidal keratinocytes resting on a basement membrane which consists of a well-developed basal lamina that is supported by its deep surface by a lamina fibroreticularis.

A

Stratum Germinativum (Stratum Basale)

30
Q

Layer of the skin which is seen only in thick skin?

A

Stratum Lucidum

31
Q

Layer of the skin where Langerhans cells are most numerous.

A

Stratum Spinosum

32
Q

Thinnest layer of hair which consists of dead, flattened heavily keratinized cells.

33
Q

Skin layer affected in bullous pemphigoid.

A

Epidermal basement membrane

34
Q

Normal RBC, WBC, and platelet values.

A

RBC: 4.5-6 million cells / uL (456)

WBC: 4,000-10,000 / uL

Platelets: 150-450,000 / uL

35
Q

Hormones produced by the stomach mucosa.

A
  1. Gastrin
  2. Somatostatin
  3. Histamine
36
Q

Characteristics of platelets. (3)

A
  1. Smallest blood component seen only under the microscope.
  2. Formed by the fragmentation of megakaryocytes within the bone marrow.
  3. Once activated it forms into spherical form
37
Q

Characteristic of erythrocytes. (3)

A
  1. Anucleate
  2. Biconcave
  3. 120 days lifespan
38
Q

Variation in RBC shape.

A

Poikilocytosis

39
Q

Clock face nucleus.

A

Plasma Cell ( Plasma Clock)

40
Q

Kidney -shaped nucleus and frosted cytoplasm.

A

Monocyte ( Frozen Kidney Mo)

41
Q

Most potent antigen presenting cell.

A

Dendritic cell ( potDEN antigen presenting cell)

42
Q

Granulocytes (3)

A
  1. Neutrophils
  2. Eosinophils
  3. Basophils

(Grandpa BEN )

43
Q

Agranulocytes (2)

A
  1. Lymphocytes
  2. Monocytes

(AGrand LyMo)

44
Q

Pale central area where lymphocytes are proliferating.

A

Germinal center

45
Q

Epithelial lining of the upper esophagus.

A

Non-keratinized Stratified Squamous Epithelium

46
Q

Organ of the GIT with no submucosal layer.

A

Gallbladder

47
Q

Largest lymphoid organ in the body.

48
Q

Hyaline cartilage seen in these region of airway.

49
Q

Surrounds AV orifices and origin of aorta and pulmonary artery.

A

Annuli Fibrosa

50
Q

Small blood vessels within wall of large blood vessels.

A

Vasa Vasorum

51
Q

Glands that are confined to submucosa of duodenum and its ducts open into bottoms of Crypts Liberkuhn.

A

Glands of Brunner

52
Q

Large aggregates of lymphoid nodules in Ileum.

A

Peyer’s Patches

53
Q

Branched acinar glands with purely serous acini.

A

Parotid gland

54
Q

Branched tubuloacinar glands with both serous and mucus secreting acini.

A

Submandibular gland

55
Q

Neurons found in the brain and retina ; non spiking interneurons.

A

Anaxionic neurons

56
Q

Aggregations of secretions seen in Neurohypophysis.

A

Herring bodies

57
Q

Separates anterior from posterior lobe and produces melanocyte stimulating hormone.

A

Pars Intermedia

58
Q

Spermatogenesis occurs in _______________.

A

Seminiferous tubules of testes

59
Q

Layer that regenerates after menstruation.

A

Basal layer

60
Q

Blind spot of retina.

A

Optic disc

61
Q

Atea with complete absence of rods & cones.

A

Optic disc

62
Q

Cells responsible for forming tight occluding junctions in the blood testis barrier.

A

Sertoli cells

63
Q

Part of the fallopian tube with numerous mucosal folding.

64
Q

Epidermal appendages. (4)

A
  1. Hair
  2. Nail
  3. Sweat glands
  4. Sebaceous gland
65
Q

Releases glucocorticoids (3)

A
  1. Zona fasciculata
  2. Zona glomerulosa
  3. Zona reticularis : Androgens
66
Q

Differentiate squamous cell & basal cell carcinoma.

A
  1. Both are caused by sun damage.
  2. Both arise from the epidermis.
  3. BCCa- rare metastasis
  4. SCCa- can metastasize
67
Q

Secretes mineralocorticoids.

A

Zona glomerulosa

68
Q

Adrenal medulla origin.

A

Neural crest cells

Anatomy (10 decks)

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