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Anatomy III > Upper dorsal regions > Flashcards

Upper dorsal regions Flashcards

1
Q

What are the boundaries of the nuchal region?

A
  • sup.: line btw protuberantia occipitalis ext. and procc. mastoidei
  • inf.: level of vertebra prominens (C7)
  • med.: line btw protuberantia occipitalis ext. and vertebra prominens
  • lat: side of m. trapezius from proc. mastoideus until inf. boundary
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2
Q

List the layers in the nuchal region.

A
  1. skin
  2. subcutaneous conn./adipose tissue w/ subcutaneous nn.
  3. lamina superficialis of fascia cervicalis
  4. 3 layers of superficial nuchal mm:
    1. m. trapezius
    2. m. splenius capitis
    3. m. semispinalis capitis
  5. lamina profunda of fascia cervicalis
  6. deep nuchal mm. - trigonum suboccipitale
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3
Q

What are the boundaries of trigonum suboccipitale?

Contents?

A
  • med.: m. rectus capitis post. maj.
  • lat.: m. obliquus capitis sup.
  • lat. inf.: m. obliquus capitis inf.
  • floor: membrana atlantooccipitalis post.

→ a. vertebralis + n. suboccipitalis

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4
Q

Which blood vessels and nerves can be found in the nuchal region?

A
  • a. vertebralis (branch of a. subclavia)
  • a. occipitalis (branch of a. carotis ext.)
  • n. suboccipitalis (dorsal branch of C1, inn. suboccipital mm.)
  • n. occipitalis major (medial, sens. branch of C2)
  • n. occipitalis tertius (med., sens. branch of C2)
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5
Q

How do you call the strong connective tissue in the midline of the nuchal region?

A

lig. nuchae

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6
Q

In the nuchal region behind m. sternocleidomastoideus a opening with structures exiting can be observed.

How is it called?

A

Erb’s point = punctum nervosum
→ sensory branches of plexus cervicalis exit

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7
Q

1 - 5

A

1) atlas, tuberculum post.
2) axis, proc. spinosus
3) atlas, proc. transversus
4) m. obliquus capitis inf.
5) m. obliquus capitis sup.

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8
Q

6 - 10

A

6) m. rectus capitis post. maj.
7) m. rectus capitis post. min.
8) m. trapezius
9) m. sternocleidomastoideus
10) m. splenius capitis

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9
Q

11 - 13

A

11) m. semispinalis capitis
12) a. vertebralis
13) n. suboccipitalis

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10
Q

What are the boundaries of the scapular region?

A
  • sup.: horizontal line connecting acromion and proc. spinosus of Th1
  • inf.: horizontal line connection angulus inf. of scapula and plica axillaris post
  • med.: midline of the trunk
  • lat.: oblique line connecting acromion and lat. end of inf. boundary
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11
Q

List the layers of the scapular region.

A
  1. skin
  2. subcutaneous conn./adipose tissue
  3. fascia of the superf. mm.
  4. m. trapezius, m. deltoideus pars spinalis
  5. fascia supra- and infraspinalis
  6. m. supraspinatus, m. infraspinatus, m. teres minor, m. latissimus dorsi, m. triceps brachii, m. levator scapulae, mm. rhomboidei
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12
Q

Which blood vessels and nerves can be found in the scapular region?

A
  • n. accessorius (below m. trapezius)
  • a. suprascapularis (from truncus thyrocervicalis of a. subclavia)
  • n. suprascapularis (from sup. trunk of plexus brachialis)
  • a. circumflexa humeri post. (from a. axillaris)
  • n. axillaris (from post. fasciculus of plexus brachialis)
  • n. scapularis dors. (from sup. trunk of plexus brachialis)
  • a. scapularis dors. (from costocervical trunk of a. subclavia)
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13
Q

Which anastomoses are formed by a. suprascapularis and a. dorsalis scapulae?

A

participate in arterial meshwork around scapula= rete scapulare

  • a. suprascapularis anastomoses w/ a. circumflexa scapulae
  • a. dorsalis scapulae anastomoses w/ a. cervicalis profunda
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14
Q

A. circumflexa humeri post. anastomoses with which a.?

A

a. circumflexa humeri ant.

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15
Q

Which structures are clearly seperated by lig. transversum scapulae?

Where can it be found?

A

bridges incisura suprascapularis

  • above: a. suprascapularis
  • below: n. suprascapularis
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16
Q

1 - 5

A + B

A

A = hiatus axillaris med., B = hiatus axillaris lat.

1) m. teres minor
2) m. teres major
3) caput longum of m. triceps brachii
4) a. circumflexa scapulae
5) n. axillaris

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17
Q

6 - 10

A + B.

A

A = hiatus axillaris med., B = hiatus axillaris lat.

6) a. circumflexa humeri post.
7) tuberculum infraglenoideum
8) tuberculum majus
9) crest ot tuberculum minus
10) collum chirurgicum

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18
Q

What are the boundaries of the posterior brachial region?

A
  • prox.: level of plica axillaris post
  • dist.: 3 finger’s breadth above olecranon
  • med.: sulcus bicipitalis medialis
  • lat.: sulcus bicipitalis lateralis
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19
Q

What are the layers of the post. brachial region?

A
  1. skin
  2. subcutaneous conn./adipose tissue w/ subcutaneous nerves
  3. brachial fascia
  4. m. triceps brachii
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20
Q

Which structures can be found btw the origin of caput med. and caput lat. of m. triceps brachii?

A

sulcus n. radialis w/ n. radialis + a. brachialis profunda

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21
Q

Which blood vessels and nerves can be found in the post. brachial region?

A
  • n. cutaneus brachii post. (from n. radialis)
  • n. cutaneus antebrachii post. (from n. radialis)
  • n. radialis (from plexus brachialis)
  • a. brachialis prof. (from a. brachialis)
  • n. ulnaris (from plexus brachialis)
  • a. collateralis ulnaris sup. (from a. brachialis)
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22
Q

Which structures divide ant. and post. brachial regions?

A

septum intermusculare lat. + med.

23
Q

1 - 5

A

1) v. cephalica
2) m. brachialis
3) n. musculocutaneus
4) m. biceps brachii
5) v. basilica

24
Q

6 - 10

A

6) a. brachialis
7) n. cutaneus antebrachii med.
8) n. medianus
9) septum intermusculare med.
10) n. ulnaris

25
Q

11 - 14

A

11) m. triceps brachii
12) n. radialis
13) a. profunda brachii
14) septum intermusculare lat.

26
Q

List the boundaries of the post. cubital region.

A
  • prox., dist.: transverse luiines drawn three finger’s breadth above and below olecranon
  • med., lat.: perpendicular lines through epicondyli med. and lat.
27
Q

List the layers of the post. cubital region.

A
  1. skin
  2. subcutaneous conn./adipose tissue
  3. fascia cubiti
  4. muscles
    • m. triceps brachii
    • m. flexor carpi ulnaris
    • m. brachioradialis
    • m. ext. carpi radialis longus
    • m. ext. digitorum
    • m. ext. carpi ulnaris
    • m. anconeus
28
Q

Which blood vessels and nerves can be found in the post. cubital region?

A
  • n. ulnaris (from plexus brachialis)
  • n. cutaneus antebrachii post. (from n. radialis)
  • a. collaterlis ulnaris sup. (from a. brachialis)
  • r. post. a. recurrentis ulnaris (from a. ulnaris)
  • a. collateralis med., rad. (from a. brachialis prof.)
29
Q

What is rete olecrani?

A

arterial meshwork around olecranon formed by collateral and recurrent aa.

30
Q

What are the boundaries of the post. antebrachial region?

A
  • prox.: transverse line drawn three finger’s breadth below olecranon
  • dist.**: transverse line drawn across caput ulnae
  • lat.: connecting line btw epicondylus lat. and proc. styloideus of radius
  • med.: connecting line btw epicondylus med. and proc. styloideus of ulna
31
Q

What are the layers of the post. antebrachial region?

A
  1. skin
  2. subcutaneous conn./adipose tissue w/ subcutaneous nn. and vv.
  3. fascia antebrachii post.
  4. extensor mm. of the forearm
  5. membrana interossea (divides from ant. region, origin for mm.), ulna (med.)/radius (lat.)
32
Q

Which blood vessels and nerves can be found in the post. antebrachial region?

A
  • v. cephalica (from v. axillaris)
  • v. basilica (from v. brachialis)
  • r. superificialis, r. profundus n. radialis
  • r. dorsalis n. ulnaris
  • n. cutaneus antebrachii med., lat. (from resp. cord of plexus brachialis)
  • a. interossea post. (from a. ulnaris)
33
Q

What is special about r. profundus n. radialis?

A

passes through canalis supinatorius
→ innervates all extensors

34
Q

Differentiate btw 3 extensor groups of the forearm.

A
  • superficial radial extensors
  • superficial ulnar extensors
  • deep extensors
35
Q

List the superficial radial extensors from radial direction.

A
  • m. brachioradialis
  • m. ext. carpi radialis longus
  • m. ext. carpi radialis brevis
36
Q

List the superficial ulnar extensors from radial direction.

A
  • m. extensor digitorum
  • m. extensor digiti minimi
  • m. extensor carpi ulnaris
37
Q

Which mm. belong to the deep extensor group of the forearm?

A
  • m. supinator (prox. surrounding radius)
  • m. abductor pollicis longus (most radial)
  • m. extensor pollicis brevis
  • m. extensor pollicis longus
  • m. extensor indicis (most ulnar)
38
Q

1 - 5

A

1) m. ext. carpi radialis long.
2) a. + n. radialis r. superf.
3) m. brachioradialis
4) m. pronator teres
5) m. flexor carpi radialis

39
Q

7 - 10

A

7) n. medianus
8) m. flex. digitorm superf.
9) m. palmaris long.
10) a. + n. ulnaris

40
Q

11 - 15

A

11) m. flexor carpi ulnaris
12) ulna
13) m. flexor digitorum prof.
14) m. ext. carpi ulnaris
15) membrana interossea + a. interossea volaris, dors. (= ant., post.)

41
Q

16 - 20

A

16) m. ext. digiti minimi
17) m. extensor digitorum
18) m. supinator
19) radius
20) m. ext. carpi radialis brev.

NOTE: m. extensor indicis cannot be seen in this section

42
Q

What are the boundaries of the post. carpal region?

A
  • prox.: transverse line drawn across the head of the ulna
  • dist.: transverse line drawn at level of base of metacarpals
  • uln. + rad.: resp. margins of wrist
43
Q

What are the layers of the post. carp. region?

A
  1. skin
  2. subcutaneous conn./adipose tissue
  3. fascia of forearm
  4. retinaculum extensorum (lig. carpi dors.)
  5. tendons of extensors
  6. carpal bones
44
Q

List the carpals of the proximal and distal row in radioulnar direction.

A

in radioulnar direction, first proximal, then distal row

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45
Q

Which blood vessels and nerves can be found in the post. carpal region?

A
  • v. cephalica
  • v. basilica
  • r. superficialis n. radialis
  • r. dorsalis n. ulnaris
  • a. radialis (pierces 1st dorsal m. interosseus)
  • r. carpalis dorsalis a. radialis
  • first a. metacarpalis dorsalis (from a. radialis)
46
Q

What is arcus palmaris profundus?

A

arterial anastomosis btw a. radialis and r. profundus a. ulnaris

47
Q

Which structures form rete carpi dorsale?

Why is it important?

A

r. carpalis dorsalis of a. radialis/ulnaris
→ arterial meshwork = rete carpi dorsale

origin of aa. metacarpales dorsales

48
Q

What are the contents of the six osteofibreous compartments that can be found in the post. carpal region?

A
  1. m. abductor pollicis longus
    m. ext. pollicis brevis
  2. m. ext. carpi radialis longus
    m. ext. carpi radialis brevis
  3. m. ext. pollicis longus
  4. m. ext. digitorum
    m. ext. indicis
  5. m. ext. digiti minimi
  6. m. ext. carpi ulnaris

2, 2, 1, 5, 1, 1

49
Q

What are the boundaries of the anatomical snuff box?

Other names?

A

fossa Tabatiere = anatomical snuff box = foveola radialis

  • rad.: tendon of m. abductor pollicis longus and m. ext. pollicis brevis
  • uln.: tendon of m. ext. pollicis longus
  • prox.: retinaculum extensorum
50
Q

What are the contents of fossa Tabatiere?

A
  • a. radialis
  • r. carpalis dorsalis a. radialis
  • a. radialis dorsalis of thumb
  • above it: v. cephalica + r. superficialis n. radialis
51
Q

What are the boundaries of the dorsum of the hand?

A
  • prox.: basis of metacarpals
  • dist.: heads of metacarpals
  • uln. + rad.: resp. margins of hand
52
Q

What are the layers of the dorsum of the hand?

A
  1. skin
  2. subcutaneous conn./adipose tissue w/ subc. vv. + nn.
  3. fascia
  4. flat tendons of extensors
    1. of the thumb
    2. of fingers II - V by m. ext. digitorum
    3. of m. ext. indicis
    4. of m. ext. digiti minimi
  5. metacarpals + mm. interossei btw them (covered by fascia)
53
Q

Which blood vessels and nerves can be found in the dorsum of the hand?

A
  • rete venosum dorsale manus
  • beginning of v. cephalica
  • beginning of v. basilica
  • r. superficialis n. radialis (next to v. ceph.)
  • r. dorsalis n. ulnaris (next to v. bas.)
  • n. digitalis dorsalis communis (from previous 2 n.)
  • a. metacarpalis dorsalis 1 (from a. radialis)
  • aa. metacarpales dorsales (from rete carpi dorsale)x
  • aa. + nn. digitales dorsales propii
54
Q

What is connexus intertendineus?

A

oblique fibrous cord connecting tendon of finger IV w/ those of adjacing fingers III and V

Anatomy III (13 decks)

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