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Anatomy III > Cranial nn. ncll. + medulla, pons > Flashcards

Cranial nn. ncll. + medulla, pons Flashcards

1
Q

List the 7 functional types of cranial nerve nuclei.

A
  • somatomotor: voluntary motor, skeletal inn.
  • general somatosensory: sensory inn. skin/mucosa, joints, muscles
  • special somatosensory: sensory inn. of retina, inner ear
  • general visceromotor: symp./parasymp. inn. of guts, involuntary
  • special visceromotor: inn. of branchial arch mm.
  • general viscerosensory: sensory inn. of guts, blood vessels
  • special viscerosensory: sensory inn. of olfactory mucosa, taste buds
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2
Q

What are the cranial nerve nuclei of n. I, n. II?

A

n. olfactorius + n. opticus no “real” cranial nerves

  • n. I = bulbus olfactorius
  • n. II = corpus geniculatum laterale
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3
Q

List all somatomotor ncll.

A
  • ncl. n. oculomotorii
  • ncl. n. trochlearis
  • ncl. n. abducentis
  • ncl. n. hypoglossi
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4
Q

List all general somatosensory ncll.

A
  • ncl. principalis n. trigemini
  • ncl. spinalis n. trigemini
  • ncl. mesencephalicus n. trigemini
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5
Q

List all special somatosensory ncll.

A
  • ncll. cochleares
  • ncll. vestibulares
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6
Q

List all general visceromotor ncll.

A
  • ncl. salivatorius sup./inf.
  • ncl. dorsalis n. vagi
  • ncl. accessorius n. oculomotorii
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7
Q

List all special visceromotor ncll.

A
  • ncl. motorius n. trigemini
  • ncl. n. facialis
  • ncl. ambiguus
  • ncl. n. accessorii
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8
Q

List all special and general viscerosensory ncll.

A

ncll. tractus solitarii

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9
Q

Which cranial nerves do have only 1 nucleus?

Which cranial nerves do have 2+ nuclei?

A

1 nucleus:

  • n. I, n. II
  • somatomotor: n. IV, n. VI, n. XII
  • n. XI

​2+ nuclei:

  • 2: n. III, n. VIII
  • 3: n. VII
  • 4: n. V, IX, X

BUT: altogether 18 (groups of) cranial nerve nuclei

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10
Q

Generally speaking, where would you locate the somatomotor, somatosensory, visceromotor and viscerosensory ncll.?

A
  • most medial: somatomor
  • more lateral: visceromotor, viscerosensory
  • most lateral: somatosensory
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11
Q

What are the nuclei of n. III?

Where can they be found?

A

2 nuclei:

  • ncl. n. oculomotorii (1)
  • ncl. accessorius n. oculomotorii (5)

paramedian at colliculi sup.

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12
Q

Where does ncl. n. oculomotorii receive its fibers from?

What type of cranial nerve nucleus is it?

To which cranial nerves does it belong?
Function.

What else is important to mention?

A

= somatomotor​

  • A: from horizontal, vertical visual centres, ncl. n. abducentis
  • E: n. III to m. levator palpebrae sup. + all outer eye mm. (exc. m. obliquus sup., m. rectus lat.)

BUT: ncl. for m. levator palpebrae sup. unpaired in btw colliculi sup.

1

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13
Q

Where does ncl. accessorius n. oculomotorii receive its fibers from?

What type of cranial nerve nucleus is it?

To which cranial nerves does it belong?
Function.

Another name.

A

also: ncl. Edinger-Westphal
= general visceromotor

  • A: from area pretectalis + colliculi sup.
  • E: n. III to m. ciliaris and m. sphincter pupillae (smooth mm.)

​5

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14
Q

Where does ncl. n. trochlearis receive its fibers from?

What type of cranial nerve nucleus is it?

To which cranial nerves does it belong?
Function.

What else is important to mention?

A

= somatomotor​

  • A: from horizontal, vertical visual centres
  • E: n. IV to m. obliquus sup. (look lat. downwards)

BUT: fibers cross to contralat. side

2

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15
Q

What are the nuclei of n. V?

Which can be considered as motor, resp. as sensory ncll.?

A

motor:

  • ncl. motorius n. trigemini

sensory:

  • ncl. mesencephalicus n. trigemini
  • ncl. principalis n. trigemini
  • ncl. spinalis n. trigemini

BUT: different sensory afferences for sensory fibers

9, 16, 17, 18

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16
Q

Where does ncl. motorius n. trigemini receive its fibers from?

What type of cranial nerve nucleus is it?

To which cranial nerves does it belong?
Function.

A

= special visceromotor

  • A: from motor cortex
  • E: n. V/3 to mm. of mastication

9

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17
Q

Where does ncl. mesencephalicus n. trigemini receive its fibers from?

What type of cranial nerve nucleus is it?

To which cranial nerves does it belong?
Function.

What else is important to mention?

A

= general somatosensory

  • A: from n. V/3 (proprioceptive fibers of mm. of mastication)
  • E: fibers to ncl. motorius n. trigemini

BUT: no peripheral interneuron to mm., own processes → pseudounipolar ganglion

16

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18
Q

What is the function of ncl. principialis n. trigemini?

What type of cranial nerve nucleus is it?

What is special about it?

Another name.

A

also: ncl. pontinus n. trigemini
= general somatosensory

  • A: from nn. V/1-3 (sensible touch from head region = epicritic sensation)
  • E: via lemniscus trigeminalis to thalamus

some fibers cross to contralat. side

17

19
Q

Where does ncl. spinalis n. trigemini receive its fibers from?

What type of cranial nerve nucleus is it?

To which cranial nerves does it belong?
Function.

What else is important to mention?

A

= general somatosensory

  • A: from n. V/1-3, IX, X (sensation of pain + temperature, crude touch for face)
  • E: cross via lemniscus medialis to contralat. side, then thalamus

BUT: somatotopic organization

18

20
Q

Where do the fibers of n. IX that can be found in ncl. spinalis n. trigemini originate from?

A

general viscerosensory information from

  • post. 1/3 of tongue
  • naso-, oropharynx
  • tuba auditiva
  • middle ear

could be also included in the A section of ncl. spinalis n. trigemini

21
Q

Where do the fibers of n. X that can be found in ncl. spinalis n. trigemini originate from?

A

general viscerosensory information from

  • larynx
  • meatus acusticus ext. + parts of ext. ear
  • r. meningues, innveration dura of post. cranial fossa
22
Q

Which structure is formed by fibers of ncl. spinalis and ncl. principalis of n. V?

A

fibers from ncl. spinalis and ncl. principialis of n. V run as tractus trigeminothalamicus to thalamus

→ form leminscus trigeminalis in leminscal trigone

23
Q

Describe the somatotopic organization of ncl. spinalis n. trigemini.

A
  • most rostral → innervation of perioral region
  • more caudal → innervation of adj. cutaneous regions
  • most caudal → innervation of even more adj. cutaneous regions
24
Q

Where does ncl. n. abducentis receive its fibers from?

What type of cranial nerve nucleus is it?

To which cranial nerves does it belong?
Function.

A

= somatomotor

  • A: from horizontal visual centers
  • E: n. VI to m. rectus lateralis (abduction of eye ball)

3

25
Q

What are the nuclei of n. VII?

Which can be considered as motor, resp. as sensory ncll.?

A

motor:

  • ncl. n. facialis
  • ncl. salivatorius sup.

sensory:

  • ncl. solitarius
26
Q

Where does ncl. n. facialis receive its fibers from?

What type of cranial nerve nucleus is it?

To which cranial nerves does it belong?
Function.

Which morphological feature does it form?

A

= special visceromotor

  • A: from motorcortex
  • E: n. VII to mm. of facial expression, m. stylohyoideus, venter post. of m. digastricus, m. stapedius

forms characteristic colliculus facialis when fibers bend around ncl. n. VI

10

27
Q

There is a clinically important differentiation of afferent fibers to ncl. n. facialis.

Why?

A
  • some fibers resp. for blinking + mm. of forehead
  • remaining fibers resp. for rest

⇒ ​important to destinguish btw central or peripheral facial paresis

ALSO: responsible for emotionally triggered mimic expressions, hence independent failure of voluntary/involuntary facial expression

28
Q

Where does ncl. salivatorius sup. receive its fibers from?

What type of cranial nerve nucleus is it?

To which cranial nerves does it belong?
Function.

A

= general visceromotor

  • A: from fasciculus longitudinalis post. from hypothalamus
  • E: n. VII to lacrimal, nasal, palatine, sublingual, submandibular gland

​6

29
Q

Where does ncl. solitarius receive its fibers from?

What type of cranial nerve nucleus is it?

To which cranial nerves does it belong?

Why is its function so important?

A

= special viscerosensory (taste) + general

  • A: nn. VII, IX, X from tongue (taste), mechano-/chemoreceptors in sinus caroticus, glomus caroticum, right atrium, arcus aorticus
  • E: to thalamus/veg. brainstem areas

→ information abt blood pressure, O2, CO2 saturation essential for regulation of breath and BP by medulla and hypothalamus

13

30
Q

Where do the fibers of n. X that can be found in ncl. solitarius originate from?

A

gen. + spec. viscerosensory information from

  • lung, trachea
  • esophagus, GI tract
  • epiglottis (taste)

​<span>​</span>could be also included in the A section of ncl. solitarius

31
Q

What is n. intermedius?

A

sensory + parasymp. fibers of n. facialis

(run seperate from motor fibers)

32
Q

What are the nuclei of n. VIII?

What type of cranial nerve nuclei are they?

A

special somatosensory

  • ncll. cochleares
  • ncll. vestibulares
33
Q

Where do ncll. cochleares receive their fibers from?

Why plural?

What type of cranial nerve nuclei are they?

To which cranial nerves do they belong?

What else is important to mention?

A

ncl. cochlearis ant. + post.
= special somatosensory

  • A: from n. VIII from cochlea
  • E: central auditory pathway (corpus trapezoideum, leminscus lat.) to colliculi inf.

BUT: fibers cross to contralat. side after nucleus

15

34
Q

Where do ncll. vestibulares receive their fibers from?

Why plural?

What type of cranial nerve nuclei are they?

To which cranial nerves do they belong?

What else is important to mention?

A

ncl. vestibularis sup., inf., med., lat.
= special somatosensory

  • A: from n. VIII from vestibular organs in inner ear
  • E: various (cf. own card)

14

35
Q

What are the most important efferences of ncll. vestibulares?

Explain physiologically.

Name exceptions!

A
  • spinal cord, cerebellum: body posture + balance
  • ncll. of eye mm.: vestibulo-ocular reflex = eyes follow moving objects

→ fibers are partially directly projection into these structures to provide very rapid processing of information, furthermore:

  • preoculomotor centers in formatio reticularis, thalamus: awareness of body posture + balance
36
Q

What is tractus vestibulospinalis?

Why is it important?

A

fibers projecting from ncll. vestibulares directly into spinal cord

⇒ important for stretch reflexes, e.g. to regain balance
(activation of extending mm., inhibition of flexing mm.)

37
Q

What are the nuclei of n. IX?

What type of cranial nerve nuclei are they?

A

motor:

  • ncl. ambiguus
  • ncl. salivatorius inf.

​sensory:

  • ncl. solitarius
  • ncl. spinalis n. trigemini
38
Q

Where does ncl. ambiguus receive its fibers from?

What type of cranial nerve nucleus is it?

To which cranial nerves does it belong?
Function.

A

= special visceromotor

  • A: from motor cortex
  • E: n. IX, X to pharyngeal, laryngeal mm.

​11

39
Q

Where does ncl. salivatorius inf. receive its fibers from?

What type of cranial nerve nucleus is it?

To which cranial nerves does it belong?
Function.

A

= general visceromotor

  • A: fasciculus long. post. from hypothalamus
  • E: n. IX to gl. parotis (parasymp.)

​7

40
Q

What are the nuclei of n. X?

What type of cranial nerve nuclei are they?

A

motor:

  • ncl. ambiguus
  • ncl. dorsalis n. vagi

​sensory:

  • ncl. solitarius
  • ncl. spinalis n. trigemini
41
Q

Where does ncl. dorsalis n. vagi receive its fibers from?

What type of cranial nerve nucleus is it?

To which cranial nerves does it belong?
Function.

A

= general visceromotor

  • A: from ncl. solitarius, hypothalamus
  • E: n. X covers entire parasymp. innervation of body (exc. glands in head, inner eye mm.) including heart, bronchi - abdomen to left colic flexure

11

42
Q

Where does ncl. n. accessorii receive its fibers from?

What type of cranial nerve nucleus is it?

To which cranial nerves does it belong?
Function.

What is a morphological interesting aspect of this nerve?

A

= special visceromotor

  • A: from motor cortex
  • E: n. XI to mm. sternocleidomastoideus,
    trapezius

BUT: direct extension of ncl. ambiguus

​12

43
Q

Where does ncl. n. hypoglossi receive its fibers from?

What type of cranial nerve nucleus is it?

To which cranial nerves does it belong?
Function.

A

= somatomotor

  • A: from motor cortex
  • E: n. XII to tongue mm.

4

Anatomy III (13 decks)

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