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Anatomy III > Cranial nn. VII - XII details > Flashcards

Cranial nn. VII - XII details Flashcards

1
Q

What are the cranial nuclei of the seventh cranial nerve?

Quality of fibers?

A

n. facialis

4 nuclei:

  • ncl. n. facialis = SVM
  • ncl. salivatorius sup. = GVM
  • ncll. tractus solitarius = SVS
  • ncl. spinalis n. trigemini = GSS
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2
Q

Differentiate btw the 2 parts of n. VII and its type of fibers.

A
  • facialis part = SVM, GSS
  • n. intermedius = GVM, SVS
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3
Q

Describe the pathway of n. VII.

A

n. facialis

  1. exits brain seperately at angulus pontocerebellaris
  2. canalis n. facialis
    1. enters through porus acusticus int.
    2. forms geniculum, receives fibers from ggl. geniculi, giving off 3 branches
    3. exits in foramen stylomastoideum, give off 3 mm. branches
  3. forms motor plexus intraparotideus at gl. parotis

1 = geniculum + ggl. gen., 2 = for. stylom., 3 = at gl. par.

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4
Q

List all branches of n. VII.

Where do they originate?

A

in order, 7 branches:

  • n. petrosus maj.: in geniculum n. VII
  • n. stapedius: in desc. part of canalis n. VII
  • chorda tympani: before leaving canalis n. VII
  • mm. branches
    • n. auricularis post.: at for. stylomastoideum
    • r. digastricus, stylohyoideus: at for. stylom.
    • plexus intraparotideus: at gl. parotis

1 = gen., 2 = for. stylom., 3 = plexus intrap., 9 = n. auric. post., 10 = n. petr. maj., 12 = chorda tymp.

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5
Q

Describe the various functions of the facial part of n. VII.

Refer to the responsible branches and quality of fibers.

A

SVM

  • n. auricularis post. → mm. of ext. ear
  • plexus intraparotideus → mm. of facial expression
  • r. digastricus → venter post. m. digastrici
  • r. stylohyoideus → m. stylohyoideus
  • n. stapedius → m. stapedius

GSS

  • n. auricularis post. → skin of post. ear
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6
Q

Which branches of n. VII are considered part of n. intermedius?

Describe their function, also refer to the quality of fibers.

A

SVS = taste

  • chorda tympani → ant. 2/3 of tongue

​parasymp. GVM

  • chorda tympani → gl. subm., subl., gl. lingualis ant.
  • n. petrosus maj. → gl. lacrimalis
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7
Q

Describe the pathway of n. petrosus maj.
N. facialis or n. intermedius?

Function?

A

branch of n. intermedius

  1. preganglionic parasymp. fibers from NTS branch off at geniculum n. VII into hiatus canalis n. petrosi maj.
  2. run through for. lacerum and
  3. canalis pterygoideus to form together w/ n. petrosus prof. n. canalis pterygoidei
  4. terminate in ggl. pterygopalatinum

​→ eventually fibers carried via branches of n. V to gl. lacrimalis (cf. own card)

3 = NTS, 4 = n. VII, 6 = n. petr. maj., 7 = ggl. pterygop., 9 = gl. lacr., 10 = r. comm. of n. zyg., 11 = n. lacr. (V1)

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8
Q

Describe the pathway of n. stapedius.
N. facialis or n. intermedius?

Function?

A

branch of n. facialis

branches off in des. part of canalis n. facialis to

→ m. stapedius (sound adaptation)

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9
Q

Describe the pathway of chorda tympani.
N. facialis or n. intermedius?

Function?

A

branch of n. intermedius

  1. SVS fibers (from NTS), GVM fibers (from ncl. sal. sup.) branch off from n. facialis before leaving canalis n. facialis
  2. in plica malleolaris through tymp. cavity
  3. exits skull through fissura petrotympanica
  4. fibers run together w/ n. lingualis​

→ GVM fibers to ggl. submandibulare, SVS fibers continue to ant. 2/3 of tongue

2 = ncl. sal. sup., 3 = NTS, 4 = n. fac., 5 = ggl. gen., 12 = chorda ty., 13 = n. ling., 14 = ggl. subm., 17 = taste fibers

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10
Q

Where can ggl. geniculi be found?

Function?

A

at geniculum in canalis n. facialis

  • pseudounipolar SVS perikarya for taste innervation of ant. 2/3 of tongue (NTS → chorda tympani)
  • pseudounipolar GSS perikarya for sensory innervation of post. ear (ncl. spinalis n. V → n. auricularis post.)

3 = NTS, 4 = n. facialis, 5 = ggl. gen., 12 = chorda ty., 17 = taste fibers

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11
Q

Where does n. auricularis post. branch off from n. VII?

Function?

A

first branch of n. VII at foramen stylomastoideum

  • SVM: venter occ. m occipitofrontalis + mm. of ear
  • GSS: post. ear
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12
Q

Where can plexus intraparotideus be found?

Branches?

Function?

A

mm. branches of n. facialis exiting gl. parotis
⇒ mm. of facial expression

2 main branches:

  • n. temporofacialis
    →    rr. temporales, zygomatici
    → rr. buccales → m. buccinator
  • n. cervicofacialis
    → r. marginalis mandibulae
    → r. colli (part of ansa cerv. superf.) → plathysma

​3 = enters gl. par., 4 = rr. temp., 5 = rr. zyg., 6 = rr. bucc., 7 = r. marg. mand., 8 = r. colli

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13
Q

Where can ggl. pterygopalatinum be found?

Which nerves only cross it w/o synapsing?
Target organs?

A

in fossa pterygopalatina

  • symp. root:
  • *n. petrosus prof.** (plexus car. int.) → lacrimal gland
  • sensory root:
  • *rr. ganglionares** (V/3) → mucosa of nasopharynx, palate, nose

7

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14
Q

Where does ggl. pterygopalatinum receive its preganglionic fibers from (nucleus + nerve)?

Where to (nerve + target organ)?

A

GVM fibers from ncl. salivatorius sup.

preganglionic parasymp. fibers:

  • n. petrosus maj. (VII)

postganglionic parasymp. fibers:

  • rr. ganglionares, n. zygomaticus (V/2), n. lacrimalis (V/1) → lacrimal gland
  • nn. nasales post. (V/2) → nasal glands
  • nn. palatini (V/2) → palatine glands
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15
Q

Where can ggl. submandibulare be found?

Which nerves only cross it w/o synapsing?
Target organs?

A

between gl. lingualis and submandibularis

  • symp. root:
  • *plexus car. ext.** along a. facialis
  • sensory root:
    rr. ganglionares of n. lingualis

⇒ gl. subm., subl., lingualis ant.

14 = ggl. subm., 15 = gl. subm., 16 = gl. subli.

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16
Q

Where does ggl. submandibulare receive its preganglionic fibers from (nucleus + nerve)?

Where to (nerve + target organ)?

A

GVM fibers from ncl. salivatorius sup.

preganglionic parasymp. fibers:

  • chorda tympani (VII), n. lingualis (V/3)

postganglionic parasymp. fibers:

  • rr. glandulares → gl. subm., gl. subl
  • n. lingualis (V/3) → gll. lingualis ant. (NUHN-BLANDIN)

12 = chorda tymp., 14 = ggl. subm., 15 = gl. subm., 16 = gl. subli.

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17
Q

Where does the eighth cranial nerve originate?

Quality of fibers?

Function?

A

n. vestibulocochlearis (SSS)

2 branches:

  • n. cochlearis
  • n. vestibularis

→ auditory perception + position, locomotion

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18
Q

Describe the pathway of n. VIII.

A
  1. n. cochlearis originates from ggl. cochleare
    * *n. vestibularis** originates from ggl. vestibulare
  2. both nerves fuse to n. VIII in meatus acusticus int., exit at porus ac. int.
  3. enter brain in angulus pontocerebellaris
  4. terminate seperately in ncl. cochleares, vestibulares

​5 = n. vest., 6 = ggl. vest., 8 = n. cochl., 9 = ggl. cochl., 10 = porus ac. int., 11 = ang. pontoc.

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19
Q

What is special about ggl. cochleare, vestibulare?

A

both contain perikarya of bipolar neurons

  • ggl. cochleare:
    organ of Corti → n. cochlearis
  • ggl. vestibulare:
    semicircular ducts, sacculus, utriculus → n. vestibularis

​2 = semic. ducts, 3 = sacc., 4 = utr., 5 = n. vest., 6 = ggl. vest., 7 = cochlea, 8 = n. coch., 9 = ggl. cochl.

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20
Q

List the nuclei of n. IX.

Quality of fibers?

A

n. glossopharyngeus

5 nuclei:

  • ncl. ambiguus = SVM
  • ncl. salivatorius inf. = parasymp. GVM
  • ncll. tractus solitarius = SVS
  • ncl. spinalis n. trigemini = GSS
  • ala cinerea lat. = GVS
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21
Q

Describe the pathway of n. IX.

General function?

A

n. glossopharyngeus

  1. exits brainstem in sulcus paraolivaris lat.
  2. runs caudally through foramen jugulare, forming:
    • ganglion sup. n. IX
    • ganglion inf. n. IX
  3. then btw m. stylopharyngeus, m. styloglossus to root of tongue → terminal branches

→ sensory innervation of tongue, motor innervation of pharynx

1 = for. jug., 2 = ggl. sup., 3 = ggl. inf., 7 = m. stylogl., 8 = m. styloph.

22
Q

Where can ggl. superius of n. IX be found?

What is its function?

Another name?

A
  • *= Ehrenritter’s ganglion**
    sup. to foramen jugulare

contains: pseudounipolar GSS perikarya for sensory innervation of post. 1/3 of tongue, parts of pharynx, meningei, auditory tube, tonsills, etc. (ncl. spinalis n. V → various)

23
Q

Where can ggl. inferius of n. IX be found?

Another name?

Function?

A

= ganglion petrosum
in fossula petrosa

contains:

  • pseudounipolar GVS perikary for glomus caroticum (ala cinerea lat → Hering’s nerve)
  • preganglionic SVS perikary for taste innervation of post. 1/3 of tongue (NTS → rr. linguales)
24
Q

List all branches of n. IX.

A

in order

  • n. tympanicus
  • 1 muscular branch
    • r. m. stylopharyngei
  • 3 (types of) sensory branches
    • rr. pharyngei
    • rr. linguales
    • r. sinus carotici

​4 = n. tymp., 9 = rr. pharyngei, 10 = r. sinus car.

25
Q

Describe the pathway of n. tympanicus.

Function (quality of fibers)?

A

branch of n. IX

  1. branches off at ggl. inf. n. IX
  2. runs through canaliculus tympanicus to tympanic cavity
  3. receives symp. fibers forming plexus tympanicus

→ GSS for tympanic cavity + tuba, also parasymp. preggl. fibers for gl. parotis

3 = ggl. inf., 4 = n. tymp., 5 = plexus tymp.

26
Q

Where is plexus tympanicus located?

It is formed by which nerves?

Main function.

A

in tympanic cavity

formed by:

  • parasymp. preggl. fibers of n. tympanicus (IX)
  • symp. postggl. fibers of nn. caroticotympanici (plexus caroticus int.)

⇒ gives off n. petrosus min. to ggl. oticum

4 = n. tymp., 5 = plexus tymp., 6 = ggl. oticum

27
Q

Describe the pathway of n. petrosus min.

Pathway + function.

A

branch of n. tympanicus, plexus tympanicus (IX)

reenters cranium through hiatus canalis n. petrosi min., leaves again through foramen lacerum to get to fossa infratemporalis

→ carries preggl. parasymp. fibers to ggl. oticum

28
Q

Which branches form the plexus pharyngeus?

Function?

A

rr. pharyngei of n. IX and X, innervates

  • pharyngeal constrictors
  • m. salpingo- and palatopharyngeus
  • m. levator veli palatini

<u>NOTE:</u> SVM fibers mainly from n. vagus

29
Q

What are the functions of rr. linguales of n. IX?

Quality of fibers?

A

​branches of n. IX

  • GSS → post. 1/3 of tongue
  • SVS → taste at post. 1/3 of tongue

sajnos nem labeled, but shown though at root of tongue

30
Q

What is the function of r. sinus carotici?
Where can it be found?

Quality of fibers?

Another name.

A

Hering’s nerve, branch of n. IX

= ​GVS
runs to bifurcation of a. carotis

→ sensory innervation of chemoreceptors of glomus caroticum, pressoreceptors in sinus caroticus

10

31
Q

Where can ggl. oticum be found?

Roots + target organs?

A

medially to exit of n. V/3 in fossa infratemporalis

  • symp. root:
  • *plexus car. int.** around a. cerebri media
  • sensory root:
  • *rr. ganglionares** (V/3)

⇒ innervation of gl. parotis

1 = ggl. oticum, 2 = n. V/3, 3 = n. petrosus min.

32
Q

Where does ggl. oticum receive its preganglionic fibers from (nucleus + nerve)?

Where to (nerve + target organ)?

A

GVM fibers from ncl. salivatorius inf.

preganglionic parasymp. fibers:

  • n. tympanicus (IX), n. petrosus min. (IX)

postganglionic parasymp. fibers:

  • n. auriculotemporalis (V/3) → gl. parotis
    = JACOBSON ANASTOMOSIS
  • n. buccalis (V/3) → gll. buccales
33
Q

List the nuclei of n. X.

Quality of fibers.

A

n. vagus

5 nuclei:

  • ncl. ambiguus (SVM)
  • ncl. dorsalis n. vagi (GVM) .
  • ncl. spinalis n. trigemini (GSS)
  • ncll. tractus sol. (SVS)
  • ala cinerea lat. (GVS)
34
Q

Describe the pathway of n. X in the head region.

A

n. vagus

exits brain in sulcus paraolivaris lateralis, leaves cranium through foramen jugulare forms

  • ganglion sup. n. X in foramen jug.
  • ganglion inf. n. X caudal to foramen jug.

1 = ggl. sup., 2 = ggl. inf.

35
Q

Where can ganglion inf. of n. X be found?

Another name?

Function.

A

= ganglion nodosum
caudal to foramen jugulare

contains:

  • pseudounipolar cell bodies of GVS neurons from guts
  • preganglionic cell bodies of SVS neurons from vallecula epiglottica
36
Q

Where can ganglion sup. of n. X be found?

Function?

A

in foramen jugulare

contains pseudounipolar GSS cell bodies of dura mater, auditory tube, larynx

37
Q

Which branches are given off by n. vagus in the head region?

Pathway, quality of fibers + function.

A

GSS

  • r. meningeus through foramen jug. back into cranium → meningi of fossa cranii post.
  • r. auricularis from ggl. sup. through canaliculus mastoideus, fissura tympanomastoidea → skin of meatus acusticus int. + cymba conchae
38
Q

Describe the pathway of n. X in the neck region.

Which branches are given off?

A

runs together w/ a. carotis int. + v. jugularis caudally, then giving off

  1. r. lingualis to epiglottis, larynx (taste, SVS)
  2. r. pharyngeus
  3. n. laryngeus sup.
  4. rr. cardiaci
  5. n. laryngeus inf.

2 = ggl. inf., 3 = r. phar., 4 = n. lar. sup., 5 = rr. card. 6 = n. lar. inf.

39
Q

Which structure is formed by r. pharyngeus of n. X?

Function?

A

branch of n. vagus

forms together w/ n. IX and ggl. cerv. sup
→ plexus pharyngeus

⇒ ALL mm. of pharynx, exc. m. stylopharngeus
+ sensory innervation of oro-, laryngopharnyx

3

40
Q

Describe the pathway of n. laryngeus sup.

Function.

A

branch of n. vagus

branches off at ggl. inf., btw a. carotis int. + wall of pharynx, branches cranially to larynx into

  • r. externus → m. cricothyroideus
  • r. internus → mucosa of pharynx sup. glottis

2 = ggl. inf., 4 = n. laryng. sup.

41
Q

What is the function of rr. cardiaci of n. X?

Differentiate.

Function + quality of fibers.

A

branches of n. X

  • rr. cardiaci cervicales sup.
  • rr. cardiaci cervicales inf.
  • rr. cardiaci thoracici

2 functions:

  • ​preganglionic parasympathetic GVM fibers
    → to plexus cardiacus, then postganglionic fibers of right vagus to SA-node, left to AV-node
  • GVS fibers to baroreceptors

5

42
Q

Describe the pathway of n. laryngeus inf..

Function + quality of fibers?

A

= n. laryngeus recurrens, branch of n. vagus

  • left: hooks around arcus aorticus
  • right: hooks around a. subclavia

then btw trachea + esophagus to larynx cranially again

→ all laryngeal mm. (exc. m. cricothyroideus) + sensory innervation of laryngeal mucosa inf. to glottis

6

43
Q

Which further branches are given off by n. X in the thorax and abdomen?

Function?

A
  • rr. bronchiales to plexus pulmonalis
  • rr. oesophagei to plexus oesophageus
  • rr. gastrici ant. + post. to stomach
  • rr. hepatici to liver + pylorus
  • rr. coeliaci to plexus coeliacus

→ GVM, GSS

44
Q

Differentiate btw the 2 truncus vagalis.

Where are they located?

A

fibers of 2 vagal nn. mix, form 2 plexuses, ventrally and dorsally to oesophagus

  • truncus vagalis ant. = 90% fibers of left n. vagus
  • truncus vagalis post. = 90% of right n. vagus

REMEMBER: <u><strong>D</strong></u>exter (right) belongs to <u><strong>D</strong></u>orsal (post.)

45
Q

Where does the innervation of n. vagus end?

A

Cannon-Böhm point in left colic flexure

→ around that area overlapping of parasymp. innervation of n. vagus and parasymp. innervation of plexus sacralis

46
Q

Differentiate btw the various functions of n. vagus w/r/t the different qualities of fibers.

A
  • SVM → laryngeal, pharyngeal mm.
  • GSS → larynx, auricle + meatus ac. ext.
  • SVS (taste) → pharynx, epiglottis
  • GVS → guts, mechanorec. in lung, mechano-, chemorec. in heart, arcus aorticus
  • GVM → parasymp. innervation of guts (until Cannon-Böhm point)
47
Q

Where does n. XI originate from?

Quality of fibers?

Function?

A

n. accessorius (SVM)

2 roots:

  • radix cranialis from C1-6
  • radix spinalis from ncl. n. accessorius (SVM)

→ n. sternocleidomastoideus, trapezius

48
Q

Describe the pathway of n. accessorius.

A
  1. 6 roots of radix spinalis bundle and run through foramen magnum into skull
  2. take up radix cranialis, give them off shortly after as r. internus to n. vagus
  3. then exits cranium as r. externus through foramen jugulare to enter trigonum colli lat.

1 = rad. spin., 2 = for. mag., 3 = rad. cran., 4 = for. jug., 6 = m. sternocl., 7 = m. trapezius

49
Q

Where does n. XII originate from?

Quality of fibers?

Function?

A

n. hypoglossus

originates from ncl. n. hypoglossi (SM)

→ extrinsic and intrinsic muscles of tongue (m. stylo-/hyo-/genioglossus), except m. palatoglossus (innervated by plexus pharyngeus)

50
Q

Describe the pathway of n. XII.

A
  1. exits brain in sulcus paraolivaris medialis
  2. leaves cranium through canalis n. hypoglossi in foramen magnum
  3. runs in trigonum caroticum, briefly accompanying fibers of ansa cervicalis prof.
  4. to sulcus lateralis linguae

1 = n. XII., 2 = canalis n. XII

Anatomy III (13 decks)

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