Upper and Lower Respiratory Tract Infections Flashcards
_ and _ are two colinzers that do not cause harm if they remain in the URT
S. pneumoniae ; S. aureus
Tonsils, mucous (defensins, lactoferrin, lysozyme) are part of what?
The URT
Ciliary escalator, secretory antibodies, phagocytes are apart of what tract?
LRT
_ holds onto iron
lactoferrin
_ pharyngitis is the most common caused by bacteria
streptococcal
_ URTIs is the most common cause of infection
viral
Most cases of rhinosinusitis and otitis media are caused by _ infections with around 10% caused by _
viral ‘ bacterial
What is the primary bacterial pathogen ?
streptococcus pneumoniae
_ - infections commonly move from pharynx to _ or to _ so common because a lot of people are already colonized with it and infection happens when it _ or _.
streptococcus pneumoniae (primary bacterial pathogen) ; sinus ; middle ear; moves or changes
The common cold remains infective for hours outside the body and is highly contagious; exits the host cell through _
lysis
T/F: a cold virus cannot cause pneumonia it will only stay in the URT because the LRT is too warm for it to survive
True
T/F: the cold virus can cause fever
False
_: infection of the LRT; inflamed, fluid-filled alveoli & bronchioles
pneumonia
_ pneumonia; 85% of community acquired cases
pneumococcal
_ (M. pneumoniae) is referred to as walking pneumonia and is primarily seen in stressed out _ year olds
Atypical ‘ 20
_pneumonia is gram positive, coccoid shaped, grow in pairs and chains, produce adherence factors that facilitate binding to pharyngeal epithelial cells
streptococcus
_ pneumoniae is capable to inducing endocytosis into _ epithelial cells of the lung
streptococcus ; nonphagocytic
rust colour sputum is a sign of _
streptococcus pneumoniae
Streptococcus pneumoniae produce a _ that induces cell _
cytotoxin ; lysis
_ damages alveolar lining
S. pneumoniae
_; fever, chills, congestion, productive cough, chest pain, SOB, fatigue, loss of appetite
CAP
What colour sputum would you expect to see in a person with CAP?
Rust coloured with pus
_ can cause invasive diseases; bacteremia (if it moves into the bloodstream), meningitis
CAP
CAP = _
pneumococcal pneumonia
_: no seasonality; most frequently reported in young adults
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
_: damage ciliary escalator, inhibiting the removal of mucus from the respiratory tract
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
_: possess adhesins specific to the cilia of respiratory epithelial cells and a capsule; slow growing, slowly inhibits gas exchange
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
_: fever, malaise, headache, sore throat, excessive sweating, non-productive cough; symptoms not typical
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
What type of mucus would you expect to see in a patient with walking pneumonia
mucoid (thick, sticky) sputum, NOT rust colored
_: sudden and high fever, pharyngitis, congestion, dry cough, malaise, myalgias, headache
influenza
_: non-productive cough, low grade fever, myalgias, fatigue, sore throat, headache
viral pneumonia
Presence of _ will lead to immediate hospitalization
empyema
We use _ therapy in patients with severe CAP to reduce rate of mechanical ventilation; acute respiratory distress syndrome; time to clinical stability and duration of stay
corticosteroids
