Upper and Lower Respiratory Tract Infections

Question 1

_ and _ are two colinzers that do not cause harm if they remain in the URT

Answer 1

S. pneumoniae ; S. aureus

Question 2

Tonsils, mucous (defensins, lactoferrin, lysozyme) are part of what?

Answer 2

The URT

Question 3

Ciliary escalator, secretory antibodies, phagocytes are apart of what tract?

Answer 3

LRT

Question 4

_ holds onto iron

Answer 4

lactoferrin

Question 5

_ pharyngitis is the most common caused by bacteria

Answer 5

streptococcal

Question 6

_ URTIs is the most common cause of infection

Answer 6

viral

Question 7

Most cases of rhinosinusitis and otitis media are caused by _ infections with around 10% caused by _

Answer 7

viral ‘ bacterial

Question 8

What is the primary bacterial pathogen ?

Answer 8

streptococcus pneumoniae

Question 9

_ - infections commonly move from pharynx to _ or to _ so common because a lot of people are already colonized with it and infection happens when it _ or _.

Answer 9

streptococcus pneumoniae (primary bacterial pathogen) ; sinus ; middle ear; moves or changes

Question 10

The common cold remains infective for hours outside the body and is highly contagious; exits the host cell through _

Answer 10

lysis

Question 11

T/F: a cold virus cannot cause pneumonia it will only stay in the URT because the LRT is too warm for it to survive

Answer 11

True

Question 12

T/F: the cold virus can cause fever

Answer 12

False

Question 13

_: infection of the LRT; inflamed, fluid-filled alveoli & bronchioles

Answer 13

pneumonia

Question 14

_ pneumonia; 85% of community acquired cases

Answer 14

pneumococcal

Question 15

_ (M. pneumoniae) is referred to as walking pneumonia and is primarily seen in stressed out _ year olds

Answer 15

Atypical ‘ 20

Question 16

_pneumonia is gram positive, coccoid shaped, grow in pairs and chains, produce adherence factors that facilitate binding to pharyngeal epithelial cells

Answer 16

streptococcus

Question 17

_ pneumoniae is capable to inducing endocytosis into _ epithelial cells of the lung

Answer 17

streptococcus ; nonphagocytic

Question 18

rust colour sputum is a sign of _

Answer 18

streptococcus pneumoniae

Question 19

Streptococcus pneumoniae produce a _ that induces cell _

Answer 19

cytotoxin ; lysis

Question 20

_ damages alveolar lining

Answer 20

S. pneumoniae

Question 21

_; fever, chills, congestion, productive cough, chest pain, SOB, fatigue, loss of appetite

Answer 21

CAP

Question 22

What colour sputum would you expect to see in a person with CAP?

Answer 22

Rust coloured with pus

Question 23

_ can cause invasive diseases; bacteremia (if it moves into the bloodstream), meningitis

Answer 23

CAP

Question 24

CAP = _

Answer 24

pneumococcal pneumonia

Question 25

_: no seasonality; most frequently reported in young adults

Answer 25

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

Question 26

_: damage ciliary escalator, inhibiting the removal of mucus from the respiratory tract

Answer 26

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

Question 27

_: possess adhesins specific to the cilia of respiratory epithelial cells and a capsule; slow growing, slowly inhibits gas exchange

Answer 27

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

Question 28

_: fever, malaise, headache, sore throat, excessive sweating, non-productive cough; symptoms not typical

Answer 28

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

Question 29

What type of mucus would you expect to see in a patient with walking pneumonia

Answer 29

mucoid (thick, sticky) sputum, NOT rust colored

Question 30

_: sudden and high fever, pharyngitis, congestion, dry cough, malaise, myalgias, headache

Answer 30

influenza

Question 31

_: non-productive cough, low grade fever, myalgias, fatigue, sore throat, headache

Answer 31

viral pneumonia

Question 32

Presence of _ will lead to immediate hospitalization

Answer 32

empyema

Question 33

We use _ therapy in patients with severe CAP to reduce rate of mechanical ventilation; acute respiratory distress syndrome; time to clinical stability and duration of stay

Answer 33

corticosteroids