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Emergency Med/Trauma > Upper and Lower Extremity Injuries > Flashcards

Upper and Lower Extremity Injuries Flashcards

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Royal College: Emergency Medicine flashcards
1
Q

Describe stable pelvic fractures

A

Single ramus
Non displaced
Chip off pelvic rim

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2
Q

Describe unstable pelvic fractures

A

Life threatening that nicks a vessel, bone bleed, internal organ injury, high energy trauma

Often long term complications

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3
Q

Emergency treatments for pelvic fractures

A

Rock pelvis only once
Ex fix
Stabilize vitals

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4
Q

Unstable pelvic fractures roadside treatment

A

Sheet/towel

Anything to save a life

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5
Q

Risk factors for pelvic fractures

A

Age
Female
Osteoporosis
Medical conditions

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6
Q

Name the 6 types of pelvic fractures

A 
Subcapital
Transcervical
Intertrochanteric
Subtrochanteric
Fx of greater trochanter
Fx of lesser trochanter
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7
Q

Signs and Symptoms of Hip Fx

A

Pain
Inability to ambulate
Short/externally rotated leg
Pain in knee

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8
Q

What imaging is preferred for a pelvic fracture?

A

X-ray

-get contralateral

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9
Q

When should you urgently reduce a fracture (4)?

A

No pulse
No sensation
Pain not controlled
Tenting of skin

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10
Q

How to treat a stable tibial plateau fracture?

A

If not displaced, then immobilized

Otherwise ORIF

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11
Q

Patella fracture treatment: non-displaced vs displaced?

A

Non-displaced –> stable walking cast

Displaced –> ORIF

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12
Q

Knee dislocation location is named based on what?

A

Tibia location

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13
Q

A limb threatening condition where pressure of enclosed limb becomes so high causes ischemia, nerve damage and eventually tissue death

A

Compartment syndrome

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14
Q

Signs and Symptoms of Compartment syndrome

A 
Pain
Parasthesias
Pale/blue/cold
Decreased pulse
Tight compartment
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15
Q

What is an AC separation? Tx?

A

Injury to ligaments that connect the clavicle to the scapula.
Tx with a sling for a week

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16
Q

Common direction for shoulder dislocation?

A

Anterior

17
Q

Posterior dislocation occurs in what types of patients?

A

Seizure

Electrocution

18
Q

Before and after reducing shoulder, what’s important to check?

A

Check the nerve

19
Q

Name the 4 long term consequences of shoulder dislocations?

A

Nerve injury
Vessel injury
Re-dislocate
Rotator cuff injury

20
Q

Humeral shaft fracture treatment?

A

Hard brace and PT

21
Q

Proximal Humeral fracture treatment?

A

ORIF
Joint replacement
Sling w/ PT

22
Q

Most common pediatric elbow fracture?

A

Supracondylar

23
Q

X-ray signs of elbow fractures?

A 
Posterior fat pad
Anterior sail sign
Anterior humeral capitulum line
Radial capitulum line
Figure 8
24
Q

Explain a nursemaids elbow and how to treat

A

Radial head subluxation

Tx with fast flexion and supination/pronation

25
Q

What is a colles fracture?

A

Distal radial with dorsal displacement

26
Q

What is a Smiths fracture?

A

Distal radial fracture with volar displacement

27
Q

Are distal or proximal scaphoid fractures worse? Why?

A

Proximal fractures are worse because of blood supply. The proximal 5th probably won’t heal.

28
Q

Symptoms of Scaphoid fractures?

A

Snuff box tenderness
Scaphoid tenderness
Pain w/ thumb compression

29
Q

Treating a non-displaced vs displaced scaphoid fracture?

A

Non-displaced –> cast

Displaced –> ORIF

30
Q

What is a Boxer’s fracture?

A

Fracture of the 4th and/or 5th metacarpal

31
Q

The inability to extend DIPJ that is caused by acute trauma

A

Mallet Finger

32
Q

A closed fist injury that occurs while hitting another person’s teeth

A

Fight bite

33
Q

Antibiotics for Fight Bite injuries should cover?

A

Mouth flora

34
Q

Drug of choice for animal bits?

A

Augmentin

35
Q

High pressure injuries are when a high pressure device injects material typically into a patients non-dominant hand, how should these be treated?

A

As a surgical emergency

Emergency Med/Trauma (26 decks)

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