Upper and Lower Extremity Injuries Flashcards
Describe stable pelvic fractures
Single ramus
Non displaced
Chip off pelvic rim
Describe unstable pelvic fractures
Life threatening that nicks a vessel, bone bleed, internal organ injury, high energy trauma
Often long term complications
Emergency treatments for pelvic fractures
Rock pelvis only once
Ex fix
Stabilize vitals
Unstable pelvic fractures roadside treatment
Sheet/towel
Anything to save a life
Risk factors for pelvic fractures
Age
Female
Osteoporosis
Medical conditions
Name the 6 types of pelvic fractures
Subcapital Transcervical Intertrochanteric Subtrochanteric Fx of greater trochanter Fx of lesser trochanter
Signs and Symptoms of Hip Fx
Pain
Inability to ambulate
Short/externally rotated leg
Pain in knee
What imaging is preferred for a pelvic fracture?
X-ray
-get contralateral
When should you urgently reduce a fracture (4)?
No pulse
No sensation
Pain not controlled
Tenting of skin
How to treat a stable tibial plateau fracture?
If not displaced, then immobilized
Otherwise ORIF
Patella fracture treatment: non-displaced vs displaced?
Non-displaced –> stable walking cast
Displaced –> ORIF
Knee dislocation location is named based on what?
Tibia location
A limb threatening condition where pressure of enclosed limb becomes so high causes ischemia, nerve damage and eventually tissue death
Compartment syndrome
Signs and Symptoms of Compartment syndrome
Pain Parasthesias Pale/blue/cold Decreased pulse Tight compartment
What is an AC separation? Tx?
Injury to ligaments that connect the clavicle to the scapula.
Tx with a sling for a week
Common direction for shoulder dislocation?
Anterior
Posterior dislocation occurs in what types of patients?
Seizure
Electrocution
Before and after reducing shoulder, what’s important to check?
Check the nerve
Name the 4 long term consequences of shoulder dislocations?
Nerve injury
Vessel injury
Re-dislocate
Rotator cuff injury
Humeral shaft fracture treatment?
Hard brace and PT
Proximal Humeral fracture treatment?
ORIF
Joint replacement
Sling w/ PT
Most common pediatric elbow fracture?
Supracondylar
X-ray signs of elbow fractures?
Posterior fat pad Anterior sail sign Anterior humeral capitulum line Radial capitulum line Figure 8
Explain a nursemaids elbow and how to treat
Radial head subluxation
Tx with fast flexion and supination/pronation
What is a colles fracture?
Distal radial with dorsal displacement
What is a Smiths fracture?
Distal radial fracture with volar displacement
Are distal or proximal scaphoid fractures worse? Why?
Proximal fractures are worse because of blood supply. The proximal 5th probably won’t heal.
Symptoms of Scaphoid fractures?
Snuff box tenderness
Scaphoid tenderness
Pain w/ thumb compression
Treating a non-displaced vs displaced scaphoid fracture?
Non-displaced –> cast
Displaced –> ORIF
What is a Boxer’s fracture?
Fracture of the 4th and/or 5th metacarpal
The inability to extend DIPJ that is caused by acute trauma
Mallet Finger
A closed fist injury that occurs while hitting another person’s teeth
Fight bite
Antibiotics for Fight Bite injuries should cover?
Mouth flora
Drug of choice for animal bits?
Augmentin
High pressure injuries are when a high pressure device injects material typically into a patients non-dominant hand, how should these be treated?
As a surgical emergency
