Calcaneal Fractures Flashcards
Describe the general population most affected by calcaneal fractures
Males between 30 and 50 years of age. Falling from an average height of 14 feet
What are the two important radiographic angles to evaluate with calcaneal fractures?
Bohler’s
Gissanes
What is Bohler’s angle
Line from highest point on posterior facet to the highest point on anterior facet
Line from highest point on posterior facet to the highest point on the tuberosity
Normal Bohler’s angle
25-40
What is Gissane’s crucial angle?
Angle created by the posterior facet and the anterior/middle facets
What is Gissane’s normal angle?
120-145
Ecchymosis of the medial and plantar foot is called?
Mondor’s sign
Is the Rowe classification intra or extra-articular?
Extra-articular
Rowe 1a
Fracture of the medial/lateral tubercle
Rowe 1b
Fracture of the sustentaculum tali
Joint depression
Rowe 1c
Fracture of the anterior process
MOST COMMON
Rowe 2a
fracture of the superior portion of the tuberosity
Spares the Achilles tendon insertion
Rowe 2b
Avulsion fracture of the tuberosity…involves Achilles tendon insertion
Rowe 3
Fracture of the calcaneal body with OUT STJ
MOST COMMON extra-articular
Rowe 4
Fracture of the body of the calcaneus that is intra-articular
Rowe 5
Intra-articular fracture with joint depression and comminution
Essex-Lopresti Tongue Type Fracture…explain the primary and secondary fractures
Primary fracture is intra-articular separates the sustentaculum tali from the lateral body
Secondary fracture through the tuberosity
Essex Lopresti Joint Depression fracture
Fracture that divides the calcaneus into the sustentaculum fragment and tuberosity freagment
Lateral wall blow-out
Classification system that uses CT scans and 3 fracture lines (ABC)
Sanders
Sanders Type 1
Non-displaced intra-articular fractures
Number of fracture lines doesn’t matter
Sanders Type 2
2 fracture fragments of the posterior facet
Sanders 2a
1 fracture line that separates the lateral column from the central
Sanders 2b
1 fracture line that separates the central column from the medial column
Sanders 2c
1 fracture line that separates the medial column from the sustentaculum column
Sanders type 3
Fracture that has 2 lines and 3 fragments featuring a centrally depressed fragment
Sanders type 3ab
2 lines, 3 fragments
-lateral, central, and medial columns
Sanders 3ac
2 lines, 3 fragments
-lateral, central/medial, sustentaculum
Sanders 3bc
2 lines, 3 fragments
-lateral/central, medial, sustentaculum
Sanders Type 4 (general)
4+ fragments, highly comminuted, joint depression
Sanders 4 (explain what columns are present)
3 lines, 4 fragments
- lateral
- central
- medial
- sustentaculum
