Calcaneal Fractures

Question 1

Describe the general population most affected by calcaneal fractures

Answer 1

Males between 30 and 50 years of age. Falling from an average height of 14 feet

Question 2

What are the two important radiographic angles to evaluate with calcaneal fractures?

Answer 2

Bohler’s

Gissanes

Question 3

What is Bohler’s angle

Answer 3

Line from highest point on posterior facet to the highest point on anterior facet
Line from highest point on posterior facet to the highest point on the tuberosity

Question 4

Normal Bohler’s angle

Answer 4

25-40

Question 5

What is Gissane’s crucial angle?

Answer 5

Angle created by the posterior facet and the anterior/middle facets

Question 6

What is Gissane’s normal angle?

Answer 6

120-145

Question 7

Ecchymosis of the medial and plantar foot is called?

Answer 7

Mondor’s sign

Question 8

Is the Rowe classification intra or extra-articular?

Answer 8

Extra-articular

Question 9

Rowe 1a

Answer 9

Fracture of the medial/lateral tubercle

Question 10

Rowe 1b

Answer 10

Fracture of the sustentaculum tali

Joint depression

Question 11

Rowe 1c

Answer 11

Fracture of the anterior process

MOST COMMON

Question 12

Rowe 2a

Answer 12

fracture of the superior portion of the tuberosity

Spares the Achilles tendon insertion

Question 13

Rowe 2b

Answer 13

Avulsion fracture of the tuberosity…involves Achilles tendon insertion

Question 14

Rowe 3

Answer 14

Fracture of the calcaneal body with OUT STJ

MOST COMMON extra-articular

Question 15

Rowe 4

Answer 15

Fracture of the body of the calcaneus that is intra-articular

Question 16

Rowe 5

Answer 16

Intra-articular fracture with joint depression and comminution

Question 17

Essex-Lopresti Tongue Type Fracture…explain the primary and secondary fractures

Answer 17

Primary fracture is intra-articular separates the sustentaculum tali from the lateral body

Secondary fracture through the tuberosity

Question 18

Essex Lopresti Joint Depression fracture

Answer 18

Fracture that divides the calcaneus into the sustentaculum fragment and tuberosity freagment

Lateral wall blow-out

Question 19

Classification system that uses CT scans and 3 fracture lines (ABC)

Answer 19

Sanders

Question 20

Sanders Type 1

Answer 20

Non-displaced intra-articular fractures

Number of fracture lines doesn’t matter

Question 21

Sanders Type 2

Answer 21

2 fracture fragments of the posterior facet

Question 22

Sanders 2a

Answer 22

1 fracture line that separates the lateral column from the central

Question 23

Sanders 2b

Answer 23

1 fracture line that separates the central column from the medial column

Question 24

Sanders 2c

Answer 24

1 fracture line that separates the medial column from the sustentaculum column

Question 25

Sanders type 3

Answer 25

Fracture that has 2 lines and 3 fragments featuring a centrally depressed fragment

Question 26

Sanders type 3ab

Answer 26

2 lines, 3 fragments

-lateral, central, and medial columns

Question 27

Sanders 3ac

Answer 27

2 lines, 3 fragments

-lateral, central/medial, sustentaculum

Question 28

Sanders 3bc

Answer 28

2 lines, 3 fragments

-lateral/central, medial, sustentaculum

Question 29

Sanders Type 4 (general)

Answer 29

4+ fragments, highly comminuted, joint depression

Question 30

Sanders 4 (explain what columns are present)

Answer 30

3 lines, 4 fragments

• lateral
• central
• medial
• sustentaculum