Metabolic and Electrolyte Emergencies Flashcards
1
Q
Major plasma electrolytes
A
Na
Cl
HCO3
2
Q
Major intracellular
A
K
Mg
3
Q
Lack of insulin treatment
A
Insulin
4
Q
Excess insulin
A
Diet and meds
Metformin
5
Q
Excess supply
A
Reduction, insulin
TPN composition
6
Q
Describe DKA
A
Patient lacks insulin and produces ketone bodies.
Problem of dehydration
Abdominal pain
7
Q
Fluid of choice
A
Lactated ringers
8
Q
Classic presentation of hypoglycemia
A
Altered mental status
9
Q
Hypoglycemia treatment
A
IV glucose Glucagon Thiamine Octreotide Oral glucose/food
10
Q
Hypernatremia presentation is typically…?
A
Neurologic
11
Q
Hypernatremia causes
A
Loss of free water
Central DI
Primary hypodipsia
12
Q
Hypernatremia cause
A
Treat the cause and slowly correct over 2-3 days
The risk is dehydrated cells will swell
13
Q
Hyponatremia treatment
A
Restrict free water best
Hypertonic saline
14
Q
Hyperkalemia presentation
A
Weakness
Paralysis
Dysrhythmias
Cardiac death
15
Q
Hyperkalemia causes
A
Dehydration Renal failure Aldosterone disorders pH-dependent Pseudohyperkalemia
