unknowns from Vivi's doc Flashcards
List the effects of Opium
- euphoria
- lethargy
- analgesia
- delirium
what are public clinics in relation to US history?
They provided free morphine to addicts
how did Vietnam increase the number of addicts?
it was easy to access and very pure
what endogenous neurotransmitter attaches to the Mu receptor?
Beta Endorphin
what Endogenous neurotransmitter attaches to the Delta receptor?
Enkephalin
what Endogenous neurotransmitter attaches to the Kappa receptor?
Dynophins
what three subtypes of receptors are involved in antinociceptive and analgesic mechanisms at both spinal and supraspinal levels?
Mu, Delta, and Kappa
what is the action of the Mu receptors
It’s a respiratory depressant + GI
what is the action of the delta receptors?
development of tolerance
what is the action of the kappa receptors?
involved in sedation +GI
Morphine is an agonist for all three receptors but is strongest for which of the three?
Mu
All opiates are agonists for what systems
endorphin systems
what experiment with mice provided proof of Mu receptors and dependence?
When they knocked out mice with no Mu receptors they were more sensitive to pain and did not become dependent on morphine.
What are the three types of hallucinogens
1) Indole Hallucinogens
2) Catechol hallucinogens
3) Anticholinergic hallucinogens
Indole hallucinogens
serotonin agonist
Catechol hallucinogens
norepinephrine and dopamine agonists
Anticholinergic hallucinogens
acetylcholine antagonists
LSD was investigated as …
- psychotherapy
- a truth serum
- mind control
what is catechol hallucinogens pharmacologyy?
Vesicle tries to store amphetamine so Norepinephrine and dopamine leak into the synapse and spontaneous release.
what was MKUUltra
a CIA program to investigate LSD, all records destroyed.
what is peyote’s mechanism of action
It is a dopamine agonist and there is some stimulation in norepinephrine as well, and it has glutamate action
what are the three drugs that anticholinergic hallucinations have?
Atropine, Scopolamine, and Hyoscyamine
what drug does deadly nightshade contain
atropine
what drug does the mandrake root contain
all of the anticholinergic hallucinations drugs:
- Atropine
-Scopolamine
- Hyoscyamine
what doe Henbane contain?
scopolamine
what drug does Datura contain
all of the anticholinergic hallucinations drugs:
- Atropine
-Scopolamine
- Hyoscyamine
A motivational Syndrom
chronic, long term, loss of interest in goals
The LaGuardia Report
describes A motivational syndrome and the commission recommended decriminalization of marijuana.
what are testosterone’s two effects with steroids?
Androgenic: secondary sexual characteristics
Anabolic: contrastive metabolism and building tissues (increase protein synthesis)
Steroids method of action
Cytoplasmic receptors—–> translocation to nucleus——> protein synthesis
what do we know about Exelon and cognitive enahancers
when there was research done on Exelon, students got better SAT scores and chess players did better in tournament.
what is Disulfiram (antabuse)
It is used in longer term support for drug addiction and in alcohol metabolized to acetaldehyde, the drug blocks aldehyde dehydrogenase.
what are the three main points of this course
1) drug taking is a behavior
2) drug use is a part of our society
3) the drug problem isn’t a war
three ways of defining dangerous
1) toxicity level
2) how you use and where you use it
3) the concept of dangerousness has to be constantly revaluated.
