Chapter 15 Flashcards
Marijuana
What are the three cannabis plants?
- C. Stative
- C. Indica
- C. Ruderalls
What do you know about C.Sativa?
- George Washington used it as a really good fiber for making rope
- 1% THC content
What do you know about C. Indica?
- It grows all over
- Its higher in THC content at 6-7% THC.
What do you know about C. Ruderalls?
- grows in Russia
- even more THC (6-7%)
what is interesting about cannabis plants growing next to each other?
Different plants growing next to each other can have different levels of THC content
What was the earliest use of Marijuana?
Around 2700 B.C. in China.
Harry J. Anslinger
He was the first commissioner of the deferral bureau of narcotics (1932-1962)
below 15 mgs do you see a lot of affects on Marijuana users?
no
What physiological effects are seen in marijuana users at high doses? (>15mgs)
- **increased heart rate (most profound effect of THC)
- increase appetite
- mild analgesia (decrease pain)
- **decrease ocular pressure (pressure on the eyes that can cause blindness)
- **decreases nausea during chemotherapy.
- mild anticonvulsant
- may decrease panic attack
There were _____ legal medical preparation on the market until_________ was passed?
A: 28; 1937 Tax Act
Where did marijuana start?
China
What is the duration of marijuana
smoked: 2-5 hours
ingested: 4-6 hours
What is the dosage of Marijuana
about .5 mgs per joint
what is CB1
presynaptic
does the fetal brain have CB1 receptors?
yes
if there is a withdrawl symptom there is..
dependence
what is teh absorbtion rate of marijuana?
smoked=immediate
injested=2hours
what are the effects of 2-5mgs of marijuana?
mild euphoria
what was the issues with Colorado legalizing marijuana?
- kids in the hospital
-people shipping marijuana illegally - pets eating it
- candy look alikes
how long does marijuana metabloite stay in the body after one exposure?
30 days
effects of 6-17mgs of marijuana
perceptual and time distortion
what are the effects of 18-25 mgs of marijuana?
delusions and hallucinations
When was THC isolated?
1964
Is there a synthetic THC on the market?
yes
When was the Endogenous Neurotransmitter, and what is it?
The mid 80s and its the neurotransmitter that looks like marijuana in the brain.
What is the most profound effect of THC?
increased heart rate
How does marijuana help durning chemotherapy?
It decreases nausea that is caused with use of chemotherapy.
Is there more CB1 or CB2?
There is more CB1
What are the two receptors that THC and other cannabinoids bind to?
CB1 and CB2,both G-protien coupled.
Where are CB2 receptors found?
Outside of the brain in immume cells, (this suggests that cannabinoids may play a role in the modulation of the immune response)
What are CB1 receptors ann where are they found?
What marijuana attaches to and they are found throughout the body but primary in the brain.
What is the difference between smoking and ingesting marijuana?
Smoking is immediate, ingestion is slower.
How does the location of CB1 receptors in the brain provide some clues on their functions?
The CB1 receptors impact the nucleus accumens which is involved in reward, which points to how marijuana promotes feeling of reward.
Does the fetal brain contain CB receptors?
Yes, found in the cerebellum and cortex
Are there sex difference with the efffects of THC?
Yes, in the entiociceptive effects of THC there are sex differences.
What are some health concerns with Mairjuana?
- Carbon monoxide in the smoke (low baby birth wieght)
- metabolites stay in the body a long time
- small decrease in testosterone for males.
- Herbicides in illegally grown marijuana
Is there a sex difference in analgesia (pain reduction) in studies on marijuana in rats.
females have a slightly higher level of analgesia than the males in rats.
The LaGuardia Report
The only psychological negative effect they found consistency in was “amotivational syndrome”.
What did the commission of the LaGuardia Report recommend about marijuana?
Decriminalization of marijuana
What does tolerance look like with marijuana?
** its the oposite of tolerance as the more often you smoke the less you need to get a continued high. The most often you smoke, the more is in your blood as t can stay there for 30 days.
what does dr havens think about early studies in england about brain damage with MJ?
there is not a lot of evidence
what is consistently the physiological effect observed after smoking marijuana or ingesting marijuana?
increased heart rate and redding of the eyes.
THC has a long _________ of elimination, and its metabolites can be found in the body for up to severall weeks after THC enters the body.
half-life
Selective THC receptors exist in brain tissue, leading to the discovery of a naturally occurring brain cannabinoid called what?
amandamide
What are three ways Marijuana is useful in medical settings?
- Treatment of glaucoma
- reduction of nausea in chemotherapy patients.
- Increase of appetite in AIDS patients.
Although high addiction rates are not common, does addiction occur in some individuals?
yes, whenever there are withdrawal symptoms we see addiction.
what do we know about marijuana and driving?
Marijuana can impair driving skills but it is not clear that smoking marijuana leads to an increased frequency of accidents.
