Univ of Arizona Mock Exam D Flashcards
What is the optimum water temperature (°C) for growth and development of this species?
24-28o C (75-82o F)
1) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Loew FM, Quimby FW, eds. 2002. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 2nd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 19 – Biology and Management of the Zebrafish, p. 867
2) Harper C, Lawrence C, The Laboratory Zebrafish, CRC Press: Boca Raton, FL. Chapter 3 – Life Support, p. 110.
Domain 4; Secondary Species – Zebrafish (Danio rerio)
The condition seen below is thought to be influenced by dietary, environmental, and disease related factors. The condition is very common in which strains of mice?
BALB/c, C3H, and especially DBA
1) Percy DH and Barthold SW. 2007. Pathology of Laboratory Rodents and Rabbits, 3rd ed. Blackwell Publishing: Ames, Iowa. Chapter 1 – Mouse, pg 94.
2) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Loew FM, Quimby FW, eds. 2002. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 2nd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 3 – Biology and Diseases of Mice, pg. 106.
Domain 4; Primary Species – Mouse (Mus musculus)
A technician with ALAT certification but no high school diploma will need how many years of laboratory animal science experience after receiving ALAT certification in order to take the LAT certification examination?
2 years
http://www.aalas.org/pdf/Tech_Cert_handbook.pdf#Eligibility (p. 3)
Domain 6
Which strain of mouse, characterized by the large pronuclei of its zygotes, was most likely used for the procedure shown?
FVB/N
1) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Loew FM, Quimby FW, eds. 2002. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 2nd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 28 – Transgenic and Knockout Mice, p. 1131.
2) Nagy A., Gertsenstein M., Vintersten K., Behringer R., Manipulating the Mouse Embryo, 3rd edition. Coldspring Harbor, NY 2003. Chapter 3 – Production of Transgenic and Chimeric Mice, p. 151.
Domain 3; Primary Species – Mouse (Mus musculus)
Which of the following diseases is a common occurrence in aging hamsters and is a principle cause of death in long-term experiments?
a. Amyloidosis
b. Polycystic kidney disease
c. Cerebral hemorrhage
d. Nephrosclerosis
a. Amyloidosis
1) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Loew FM, Quimby FW, eds. 2002 Laboratory Animal Medicine, 2nd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 5 – Biology and Disease of Hamsters, p. 188.
2) Percy DH and Barthold SW. 2007. Pathology of Laboratory Rodents and Rabbits, 3rd ed. Blackwell Publishing: Ames, Iowa. Chapter 3 – Hamster, pp. 200-204
Domain 1; Secondary Species – Syrian Hamster (Mesocricetus auratus) and Tertiary Species – Other Rodents
Which of the following is an indicator of pain in an adult bovine?
a. Regurgitation
b. Bruxism
c. Agnathia
d. Tail swishing
b. Bruxism
References: Fox JG, Anderson LC, Loew FM, Quimby FW, eds. 2002. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 2nd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 22 – Preanesthesia, Anesthesia, Analgesia, and Euthanasia, p. 989.
Domain 2; Tertiary Species – Other Livestock
What should the water temperature be for Xenopus laevis?
20-22o C (68-72o F)
Ranges of 18-24o C are considered acceptable for adequate growth.
Fox JG, Anderson LC, Loew FM, Quimby FW, eds. 2002. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 2nd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 17 – Biology and Diseases of Amphibians, p. 810.
Domain 4; Secondary Species – African Clawed Frog (Xenopus spp.)
How does measles usually present in marmosets?
- Gastrointestinal disease
- Usually no rash
- High mortality
- Necrotizing gastroenteritis
- Syncytia in GI epithelium
LAM p 754
Which of the following substances is commonly used in BDIX rats to induce colorectal cancer?
a. Methyl-N-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine
b. Azaserine
c. N-methyl-N-nitrosourea
d. Methyl-alkyl nitrosamines
e. Azoxymethane
e. Azoxymethane
Reference: Krobaek et al. 2002. Comparative study of histopathologic characterization of azoxymethane-induced colon tumors in three inbred rat strains. Comp Med 52(1):50-57.
Domain 3; Primary Species – Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Which of the following species requires a flat surface for sleeping, preferably in a nest box where a curled position can be assumed to conserve body heat?
- a. Saimiri sciureus
b. Macaca fascicularis
c. Papio cynocephalis
d. Callithrix jacchus*
d. Callithrix jacchus
References: Fox JG, Anderson LC, Loew FM, Quimby FW, eds. 2002. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 2nd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 16 – Nonhuman Primates, pp. 684, 696-697, 700-701, 708, 710.
Domain 4; Secondary Species – Marmosets/Tamarins (Callitrichidae)
Which of the following is TRUE with respect to Type A1 Class II biological safety cabinets?
a. They are not appropriate for work involving ABSL-3 containment
b. They are not appropriate for work involving volatile chemicals or radionuclides
c. They use a horizontal laminar airflow
d. The exhaust is never to the laboratory but always to the building exhaust system
b. They are not appropriate for work involving volatile chemicals or radionuclides
1) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Loew FM, Quimby FW, eds. 2002. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 2nd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 24 – Control of Biohazards, p. 1050.
2) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Loew FM, Quimby FW, eds. 2002. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 2nd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 21 – Design and Management of Animal Facilities, p. 945.
3) U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and National Institutes of Health. 2007. Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories. 5th ed. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C. Appendix A – Primary Containment for Biohazards, pp. 311-312. (http://www.cdc.gov/biosafety/publications/bmbl5/BMBL5_appendixA.pdf)
Domain 5
Describe the technique and relevant anatomical structures for the technique shown in mice, rats, hamsters, and gerbils.
- medial canthus in a caudal and medial direction to orbital plexus in rat
- lateral canthus to venous sinus in mice, hamsters, and gerbils
LAM, p 1009
Which of the following is FALSE regarding Pseudoloma neurophilia infection in fish?
a. Pseudoloma neurophilia is a bacterial pathogen
b. Clinical signs include emaciation and spinal curvature
c. Diagnosis can be made using PCR of the brain and spinal cord
d. Spores may be transmitted from tank to tank using cleaning implements
e. Surface sanitization of embryos may be used to control the disease
a is false
Pseudoloma neurophila is a microsporidian parasite
Reference: Murray et al. 2011. Transmission, diagnosis, and recommendations for control of Pseudoloma neurophilia infections in laboratory zebrafish (Danio rerio) facilities. Comp Med 61(4):322-332.
Domain 1; Secondary Species - Zebrafish (Danio rerio)
Which of the following are the most important predictors for mortality in infectious disease research and longevity studies?
a. Decreased appetite and hypothermia
b. Decreased appetite and hyperthermia
c. Body weight loss and hypothermia
d. Decreased activity and hypothermia
e. Decreased appetite and body weight loss
c. Body weight loss and hypothermia
1) Trammell and Toth. 2011. Markers for predicting death as an outcome for mice used in infectious disease research. Comp Med (61)6:492–498.
2) Ray et al. 2010. Identification of markers for imminent death in mice used in longevity and aging research. JAALAS 49(3):282-288.
3) Olfert and Goodson. 2000. Humane endpoints for infectious disease animal models. ILAR J 41(2):99-104.
Domain 2
What does the depicted test measure?
Thermal nociceptive threshold
1) Coble DJ, Taylor DK, Mook DM. 2011. Analgesic Effects of Meloxicam, Morphine Sulfate, Flunixin Meglumine, and Xylazine Hydrochloride in African-Clawed Frogs (Xenopus laevis). JAALAS 50(3): 355-360.
2) Mulder GB, Pritchett K. 2004. Rodent Analgesiometry: The Hot Plate, Tail Flick and Von Frey Hairs. Contemporary Topics 43(3): 54-55
Domain 2; Secondary Species – African Clawed Frog (Xenopus laevis)
The optical imaging methodology illustrated below utilizes what biological light-emitting pigment to allow in vivo determination of disease progression, inflammation, or gene expression?
Luciferin
1) http://www.caliperls.com/products/preclinical-imaging/
2) Ray P. 2011. Multimodality molecular imaging of disease progression in living subjects. J Biosci. 36(3):499-504.
Domain 3
Which of the following statements best describes how nest boxes should be provided for hens (Gallus domesticus)?
a. Nesting material inside the box should be loose, moldable and allow the hen to build their own nest rather than use a pre-shaped nest
b. Shape of the nest box itself is more important than the nesting material with round nest boxes preferred
c. Nest boxes should contain within them a perch made of a smooth material that is a small diameter
d. Nest boxes should contain an abrasive strip inside so that the hens can wear down their claws on the strip
a. Nesting material inside the box should be loose, moldable and allow the hen to build their own nest rather than use a pre-shaped nest
1) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Loew FM, Quimby FW, eds. 2002. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 2nd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 32 – Laboratory Animal Behavior, p. 1254.
2) Committees to Revise the Guide for the Care and Use of Agricultural Animals in Agricultural Research and Teaching. 2010. GUIDE For the Care and Use of Agricultural Animals in Research and Teaching. 3rd Edition. Federation of Animal Science Societies, Savoy, IL. Chapter 9 - Poultry, pp. 115-116.
Domain 4; Tertiary Species –Chicken (Gallus domesticus)
Which of the following situations involving the use, sale, or transportation of rabbits WOULD NOT require licensing under the Animal Welfare Act and its regulations?
a. Rabbits sold in a retail pet store
b. Rabbits used in research at a University that receives NIH funding
c. Rabbits used in research at a private company that receives no external funding
d. A transportation company that carries rabbits from a dealer to a research institution
e. Rabbits sold from a large fur farm to a university for use in research that totals $2000-$5000 per year
a. Rabbits sold in a retail pet store
1) Animal Welfare Regulations, CFR Title 9, Chapter 1, Subchapter A, Part 2 – Regulations, Subpart A – Licensing, §2.1 (3)(i-vii) Requirements and application (1-1-00 Edition, p. 14).
2) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Loew FM, Quimby FW, eds. 2002. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 2nd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 2 – Laws, Regulations and Policies Affecting the use of Laboratory Animals, p. 21.
Domain 5; Primary Species - Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus)
Which of the following has been associated with typhylocolitis in athymic nude rats?
- a. Helicobacter bilis
b. Helicobacter typhlonius
c. Helicobacter trogontum
d. Helicobacter hepaticus
e. Helicobacter rodentium*
a. Helicobacter bilis
1) Percy DH and Barthold SW. 2007. Pathology of Laboratory Rodents and Rabbits, 3rd ed. Blackwell Publishing: Ames, Iowa. Chapter 2 - Rat, pp. 140-141.
2) Suckow MA, Weisbroth SH, Franklin CL, eds. 2006. The Laboratory Rat, 2nd edition. Elsevier Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 11 – Bacterial, Mycoplasmal and Mycotic Infections, pp. 355-357.
3) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Loew FM, Quimby FW, eds. 2002 Laboratory Animal Medicine, 2nd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 4 – Biology and Diseases of Rats, pp. 139-140
Domain 1; Primary Species – Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
What are examples of denaturants? reactants? oxidants?
Denaturant:
- quaternary ammonium compounds (benzalkonium chloride)
- phenolics
- alcohols
Reactant:
- aldehydes
- ethylene oxide
Oxidant:
- halogens (chlorine bleach, chlorine dioxide, povodone-iodine)
- peroxygens (H2O2, peracetic acid)
- ozone
The apparatus shown below is commonly used to assess what type of behavior in transgenic or knockout rodents?
Anxiety behavior; determined by calculating the amount of time the animal spends along the perimeter of the field as opposed to the center
1) Crawley JN. 1999. Behavioral phenotyping of transgenic and knockout mice: experimental design and evaluation of general health, sensory functions, motor abilities, and specific behavioral tests. Brain Res 835(1):18-26.
2) Karl T, Pabst R, von Hörsten S. 2003. Behavioral phenotyping of mice in pharmacological and toxicological research. Exp Toxicol Pathol. 55(1):69-83.
Domain 3
What is the preferred site for needle aspiration to collect bone marrow samples in a rhesus macaque?
Iliac crest
1) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Loew FM, Quimby FW, eds. 2002. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 2nd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 16 – Nonhuman Primates, p. 729
2) Bennett BT, Abee CR, Henrickson R, eds. 1995. Nonhuman Primates in Biomedical Research: Biology and Management. Academic Press, San Diego, CA. Chapter 13 – Collection of Biological Samples and Therapy Administration, p. 280.
Domain 3; Primary Species – Macaques (Macaca spp.)
Which of the following IS NOT well detected by evaluating sentinel mice exposed to dirty bedding?
a. Helicobacter
b. Mouse hepatitis virus
c. Mouse parvovirus
d. Sendai virus
e. Murine rotavirus
d. Sendai virus
Reference: Compton et al. 2004. Efficacy of three microbiological monitoring methods in a ventilated cage rack. Comp Med 54(4):382-392.
Domain 4; Primary Species – Mouse (Mus musculus)
What does this designation mean?
Package label indicating it contains a category A infectious substance.
- Category A material: infectious substance transported in a form capable of causing permanent disability or life-threatening or fatal disease to healthy humans or animals with exposure.
- UN 2814: cause disease in humans or in both humans and animals
- UN 2900: causes disease in animals only
BMBL, p 340
What does this designation mean?
Package labeling indicating it contains a Category B infectious substance.
- Category B infectious substance is one that does not meet criteria for Category A. It does NOT cause permanent disability or life-threatenting or fatal disease to humans or animals with exposure.
- Terms “Diagnostic specimen” or “Clinical specimen” may no longer be used as of Jan. 1, 2007.
According to NIH policy on the requirement for instruction in the responsible conduct of research for training and career development grants (R25), acceptable programs generally involve at least how many total contact hours of instruction between the participants and the participating faculty during the proposed training period?
8 hours
Reference: http://grants1.nih.gov/grants/guide/notice-files/NOT-OD-10-019.html
Domain 5
Which of the following practices has been shown to eliminate murine norovirus from mice?
a. Cross-fostering pups at 1-2 days of age from MNV infected dams to MNV negative dams that are housed and handled in clean facilities
b. Cross-fostering pups within the first 10 days of age from MNV infected dams to MNV negative dams housed in the same room
c. C-section derivation of pups from MNV infected dams to MNV negative dams at 3 days prior to expected delivery of pups
d. Embryo transfer from MNV infected dams at 5 days after copulation to MNV negative dams housed in clean facilities
a. Cross-fostering pups at 1-2 days of age from MNV infected dams to MNV negative dams that are housed and handled in clean facilities
1) Buxbaum et al. 2011. Eliminating murine norovirus by cross-fostering. JAALAS 50(4):495-499.
2) Compton. 2008. Prevention of murine norovirus infection in neonatal mice by fostering. JAALAS 47(3):25-30.
Domain 1; Primary Species - Mouse (Mus musculus)
This device is used to model:
Acute thermal pain
1) http://www.shurilla.com/tailflick.htm. Illustration: Rat Tail Flick Device
2) Models of Nociception: Hot‐Plate, Tail‐Flick, and Formalin Tests in Rodents
Anthony W. Bannon, Annika B. Malmburg, Current Protocols in Neuroscience, October 2007
Domain 2; Primary Species – Rat, Mouse
Which of the following is a potential side effect or complication of using thiopental as a preoperative medication?
a. Infection at the injection site due to the ability of the lipid and glycerol-based solvent to support bacterial growth
b. Suppression of glucocorticoid synthesis by the adrenal gland
c. Strong local numbing effect causing self-mutilation at the injection site
d. Perivascular skin necrosis and sloughing if extravasation occurs
e. Excitement, which may include paddling, vocalization, panting, urination, and defecation
d. Perivascular skin necrosis and sloughing if extravasation occurs
1) Fish RE, Brown MJ, Danneman PJ, Karas AZ, eds. 2008. Anesthesia and Analgesia in Laboratory Animals, 2nd ed. Academic Press, San Diego, CA. Chapter 13 – Anesthesia and Analgesia in Dogs and Cats, pp. 372.
2) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Loew FM, Quimby FW, eds. 2002. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 2nd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 22 – Preanesthesia, Anesthesia, Analgesia, and Euthanasia, pp. 988-989.
Domain 2
What is the function of this device?
Controls respiratory rate and tidal volume in mice under anesthesia. (Mouse ventilator)
1) Fish, RE, Brown, MJ, Danneman, PJ, Karas, AZ. Eds, 2008. Anesthesia and Analgesia in Laboratory Animals, 2nd Ed. Academic Press, New York, NY. Chapter 5—Anesthetic Delivery Systems p. 154
2) www.harvardapparatus.com Harvard Model 687 Mouse Ventilator
Domain 2
Which of the following is a feature of the unit pictured above?
a. The Biosafety Cabinet pictured above requires the use of rubber gloves and gas-tight construction.
b. The Biosafety Cabinet pictured above will not provide product protection, but will provide personnel protection.
c. Due to no recirculation of air, this Biosafety Cabinet can be used for non-volatile chemical and radionucleotide handling.
d. The use of the Biosafety Cabinet pictured above has a face velocity of 75 lfm.
c. Due to no recirculation of air, this Biosafety Cabinet can be used for non-volatile chemical and radionucleotide handling.
- Note hard-ducting in picture
- All Class II and III provide product protection
- Hard ducting tells us that it must be a Class II Type B with a face velocity of 100 lpm
- All BSC can be used to handle nonvolatile toxic chemicals and radionuclides (Class IIA1 must be in minute amounts)
-
volatile toxic chemicals and radionuclides can be handled:
- in Class I, IIB1 and IIA2 (minute amounts) when exhausted outside
- in Class IIB2 and III in small amounts
- NOT in Class IIA1
BMBL, p 311
Etiology of suckling hamster on right?
Hamster parvovirus
Typically presents as epizootic with high mortality with malformed and missing incisors in suckling and weaning Syrian hamsters.
- necrosis and inflammation of dental pulp with leukocytic infiltration of dental lamina and osteoclasis of alveolar bone
- also can cause domes calvaria and pot-bellied appearance
PB, p 181
A juvenile macaque presented with diarrhea. A wet mount of the feces was prepared and the organism depicted in this slide was identified. What is the genus of the organism?
Entamoeba (histolytica)
- Occurs in cecum and colon of most primates, including humans
- Less common in NWM but more likely to have clinical signs
- Diagnosis made by by microscopic ID in feces and/or from characteristic flask-shaped intestinal ulcers
A Rhesus macaque presents with anorexia, vomiting, and severe diarrhea. On necropsy, this lesion was seen within the colon and cecum. Organisms are seen on histology with a Giemsa stain. Which of the following parasites is most likely associated with these findings?
Entamoeba histolytica
1) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Loew FM, Quimby FW, eds. 2002. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 2nd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 16 – Nonhuman Primates, pp. 758-759, 762.
2) Bennett BT, Abee CR, Henrickson R, eds. 1998. Nonhuman Primates in Biomedical Research: Diseases. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 3 – Parasitic Diseases, pp 116-119, 130-133, 166-168.
Domain 1; Primary Species – Macaques (Macaca spp.)
How is this equipment used in the animal facility?
a. Reduce labor costs and provide ergonomic benefits
b. Provide reserves for emergencies
c. Increase mortality
d. Eliminate cage flooding
a. Reduce labor costs and provide ergonomic benefits
1) Gordon and Wyatt. 2011. The water delivery system affects the rate of weight gain in C57BL/6J mice during the first week after weaning. JAALAS 50(1):37–40.
2) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Loew FM, Quimby FW, eds. 2002. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 2nd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 21 – Design and Management of Animal Facilities, p. 936.
Domain 4
Which of the following is FALSE with respect to this equipment?
a. Concentrations of CO2 tend to be higher than in open-top cages
b. Concentrations of NH3 tend to be higher than in open-top cages
c. Relative humidity tends to be lower than in the room
d. They are effective in preventing particulate transfer to and from the cage
e. The microenvironment inside them is variable depending on biomass, strain of mice, and other factors.
c. Relative humidity tends to be lower than in the room
1) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Loew FM, Quimby FW, eds. 2002. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 2nd edition. Academic Press, San Diego, CA. Chapter 29 – Factors that may Influence Animal Research, p. 1149.
2) Fox JG, Barthold SW, Davisson MT, Newcomer CE, Quimby FW, Smith AL, eds. 2007. The Mouse in Biomedical Research, 2nd edition, Volume 3 – Normative Biology, Husbandry and Models. Elsevier Academic Press, San Diego, CA. Chapter 9 – Design and Management of Research Facilities for Mice, pp. 294-295.
Domain 4; Primary Species – Mice (Mus musculus)
Cause of lesion?
Corynebacterium bovis
1) Burr et al. 2011. Strategies to prevent, treat, and provoke Corynebacterium-associated hyperkeratosis in athymic nude mice. JAALAS 50(3):378-388.
2) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Loew FM, Quimby FW, eds. 2002. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 2nd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 3 – Biology and Diseases of Mice, pp. 92-94.
3) Percy DH and Barthold SW. 2007. Pathology of Laboratory Rodents and Rabbits, 3rd ed. Blackwell Publishing: Ames, Iowa. Chapter 1 – Mouse, pp. 72-73.
4) Fox JG, Barthold SW, Davisson MT, Newcomer CE, Quimby FW, Smith AL, eds. 2007. The Mouse in Biomedical Research, 2nd edition, Volume 2 – Diseases. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 16 – Aerobic Gram-Positive Organisms, pp. 399-402.
Domain 1; Primary Species – Mouse (Mus musculus)
What is the air flow rate of the biosafety cabinet pictured below?
At minimum 75 linear feet per minute
Class I BSC pictured (note only one HEPA filter)
1) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Loew FM, Quimby FW, eds. 2002. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 2nd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 24 – Control of biohazards, p. 1050.
2) Center for Disease Control and Prevention. 2009. Biosafety in Microbiological and Biological Laboratories, 5th edition. U.S. Government Printing Office: Washington, DC. Appendix A: Biological Safety Cabinets, p. 292.
Domain 4
Chlorates, perchlorates, nitrates, permanganates, and peroxides are examples of chemical classes that require which hazardous signage?
A (Oxidant)
1) CRC Handbook of Laboratory Safety, 5th Edition. Furr AK, Ed., CRC , Chapter 4, pg 288-295
2) Oxidizing agent. (2010). Retrieved from Environment, Health and Safety Online: http://www.ehso.com/ChemicalStorageGuidelines.htm
Domain 5
One of your technicians reports dyspnea, snuffling, and chattering in a rat. On necropsy, this is what is found. Which etiological agent is the most likely cause of these findings?
Mycoplasma pulmonis
-
“cobblestone” lungs
- classic lesion, rare in recent years
- only seen in endstage disease
- seen in older animals; clinically silent in young
- other clinical signs: rales, ocular and nasal discharge, head tilt
- may spin when held by tail if severe middel ear involvement
- vitamin A & E deficiencies may exacerbate disease
- ciliostasis is key to pathogenesis
1) Suckow MA, Weisbroth SH, and Franklin CL, eds. 2006. The Laboratory Rat, 2nd Edition. Elsevier Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 11 – Bacterial, Mycoplasmal and Mycotic Infections, pp. 340-44, 374-378, 389-393 and Chapter 12 – Viral Disease, pp. 435-443.
2) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Loew FM, Quimby FW, eds. 2002. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 2nd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 4 – Biology and Diseases of Rats, pp. 137-139, 142-144.
3) Percy DH and Barthold SW. 2007. Pathology of Laboratory Rodents and Rabbits, 3rd ed. Blackwell Publishing: Ames, Iowa. Chapter 2 – Rat, pp. 130-132, 134-135, 143-147, 153.
Domain 1; Primary Species – Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
What bacteria are responsible for this condition in swine?
Toxigenic strains of
-
Pasteurella multocida
- strains A & D produce dermonecrotic toxin (DNT)
-
Bordatella bronchiseptica
- also produces a DNT
- Haemophilus parasuis
Seen in young pigs
- 3-4 days old - severe bronchopneumonia can result
- 1-3 months - sneezing, snuffling, progresses to violent sneezing with mucopurulent discharge, + epistaxis
Combined infections of P. multocida and B. bronchiseptica are most severe (Progressive atrophic rthinitis).
Nonprogressive atrophic rhinitis (NPAR): infections with B. bronchiseptica alone.
Skull radiographs were obtained from a squirrel monkey that presented with a large mass on its head. What is most likely to result in hyperostosis secondary to cephalohematoma formation?
Hypovitaminosis C
1) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Loew FM, Quimby FW, eds. 2002. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 2nd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 16 – Nonhuman Primates, pp. 757; 773-775.
2) Bennet BT, Abee CR, Henrickson R, eds. 1998. Nonhuman Primates in Biomedical Research: Diseases. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 11 – Diseases of the Musculoskeletal System, p. 436.
Domain 4; Secondary Species – Squirrel monkey (Saimiri sciureus)
For what purpose was the depicted equipment designed?
Environmental enrichment (resting board for mice)
1) http://www.ratloft.com/models.aspx
2) Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals. 2011. Institute of Laboratory Animal Resources, National Research Council, National Academy of Sciences. National Academy Press, Washington, DC. p. 53.
Domain 4; Primary Species - Mouse
