UNITS 25&26 • TOPIC

Question 1

addiction

uk |əˈdɪk.ʃən| us |əˈdɪk.ʃən|

noun

Answer 1

1. an inability to stop doing or using something, especially something harmful
* “[addiction to] He developed an addiction to painkillers.”
* “[drug addiction] He had a problem with drug addiction, but has been better since getting treatment.”
* “[alcohol addiction] many of the prison inmates had drug or alcohol addictions.”
* “[gambling addiction] She praised their efforts to treat gambling addiction.”
* “For people with OCD, cleaning can become an addiction.”

Question 2

adore

uk |əˈdɔːr| us |əˈdɔːr|

verb

Answer 2

1. to love someone very much, especially in a way that shows a lot of admiration or respect, or to like something very much
* “She has one son and she adores him.”
* “I absolutely adore chocolate.”
* ”[+ -ing verb] Don’t you just adore lying in a hot bath?”

2. to worship [formal]
* “Let us adore God for all his works.”

Question 3

anticipation

uk |ænˌtɪs.ɪˈpeɪ.ʃən| us |ænˌtɪs.əˈpeɪ.ʃən|

noun

Answer 3

1. a feeling of excitement about something that is going to happen in the near future
* “As with most pleasures, it’s not so much the experience itself as the anticipation that is enjoyable.”
* “The postponement of the film’s sequel has held cinemagoers in eager anticipation for several months.”

Question 4

appeal

uk |əˈpiːl| us |əˈpiːl|

noun

Answer 4

1. a request to the public for money, information, or help [C]
* “They’re launching (= starting) an appeal to raise money for famine victims.”
* ”[+ to infinitive] The police have issued an appeal to the public to stay away from the area over the weekend.”

Question 5

appeal

uk |əˈpiːl| us |əˈpiːl|

verb

Answer 5

1. to make a serious or formal request, especially to the public, for money, information, or help [I]
* “They’re appealing for clothes and blankets to send to the devastated region.”
* “The police are appealing to the public for any information about the missing girl.”
* “I tried to appeal to (= ask for support based on) his sense of loyalty, stressing how good the company had been to him.”
* ”[+ to infinitive] Church leaders have appealed to the government to halt the war.”

Question 6

arbitrary

uk |ˈɑː.bɪ.trər.i| us |ˈɑːr.bə.trer.i|

adjective

Answer 6

1. based on chance rather than being planned or based on reason
* “arbitrary decision-making”
* “Did you have a reason for choosing your destination or was it arbitrary?”

2. using unlimited personal power without considering other people’s rights or wishes [disapproving]
* “an arbitrary ruler”
* “The company has been the subject of an arbitrary take-over.”

Question 7

aspiration

uk |ˌæs.pɪˈreɪ.ʃən| us |ˌæs.pəˈreɪ.ʃən|

noun

Answer 7

1. something that you hope to achieve [C usually plural, U]
* “I’ve never had any political aspirations.”
* “It’s a story about the lives and aspirations of poor Irish immigrants.”

Question 8

bear

uk |beər| us |ber|

verb

Answer 8

1. to accept, tolerate, or endure something, especially something unpleasant [T]
* “The strain must have been enormous but she bore it well.”
* “Tell me now! I can’t bear the suspense!”
* ”[+ to infinitive] He couldn’t bear to see the dog in pain.”
* ”[+ -ing verb] I can’t bear being bored.”

2. to be responsible for something [T]
* “[bear responsibility] It’s your decision - you have to bear the responsibility if things go wrong.”
* “[bear the burden] They say that landlords should bear the burden of these repairs and not tenants.”
* “[bear the cost] I suggest you claim on your insurance rather than bearing the cost yourselves.”

Question 9

compulsory

uk |kəmˈpʌl.sər.i| us |kəmˈpʌl.sɚ.i|

adjective

Answer 9

1. If something is compulsory, you must do it because of a rule or law
* “Swimming was compulsory at my school.”
* “The law made wearing seat belts in cars compulsory.”

Question 10

content

uk |kənˈtent| us |kənˈtent|

adjective

Answer 10

1. pleased with your situation and not hoping for change or improvement
* “[content with] He seems fairly content with (his) life.”
* ”[+ to infinitive] They’re content to socialize with a very small circle of people.”

Question 11

content

uk |kənˈtent| us |kənˈtent|

verb

Answer 11

1. to make someone feel happy and satisfied
* “You’re quite easily contented, aren’t you?”
* “My explanation seemed to content him.”

Question 12

content

uk |kənˈtent| us |kənˈtent|

noun

Answer 12

1. a happy and satisfied feeling
* “Once had he resolved what to do, there followed almost immediately a feeling of content.”

Question 13

craving

uk |ˈkreɪ.vɪŋ| us |ˈkreɪ.vɪŋ|

noun

Answer 13

1. a strong feeling of wanting something
* “[craving for] I have a craving for chocolate.”

Question 14

decline

uk |dɪˈklaɪn| us |dɪˈklaɪn|

verb

Answer 14

1. to gradually become less, worse, or lower [I]
* “His interest in the project declined after his wife died.”
* “The party’s popularity has declined in the opinion polls.”
* “[formal] The land declines sharply away from the house.”

2. to refuse [I/T formal]
* “I invited him to the meeting but he declined.”
* “He declined my offer.”
* ”[+ to infinitive] They declined to tell me how they had obtained my address.”

3. If a noun, pronoun, or adjective declines, it has different forms to show if it is the subject or object, etc. of a verb or if it is singular or plural, etc. If you decline such a word, you list its various forms [I/T language specialized]
* “In Latin we learned how to decline nouns.”

Question 15

decline

uk |dɪˈklaɪn| us |dɪˈklaɪn|

noun

Answer 15

1. the process or fact of something becoming less in amount, importance, quality, or strength
* “industrial decline”
* “Home cooking seems to be in decline (= not so many people are doing it).”
* “It is clear that teenage smoking is on the decline.”
* “[decline in] a decline in the number of unemployed”

2. the process or fact of someone becoming physically or mentally weaker
* “We all experience physical and cognitive decline over time.”
* “Vitamin B may guard against mental decline.”
* “Now his health is in decline and his ambitions have been crushed.”
* “She seemed to be recovering and then she went into a decline.”

Question 16

dedicated

uk |ˈded.ɪ.keɪ.tɪd| us |ˈded.ə.keɪ.t̬ɪd|

adjective

Answer 16

1. believing that something is very important and giving a lot of time and energy to it
* “a dedicated father/teacher”
* “[dedicated to] She’s completely dedicated to her work.”
* “The Green Party is dedicated to protecting the environment.”

Question 17

delight

uk |dɪˈlaɪt| us |dɪˈlaɪt|

noun

Answer 17

1. a feeling of great pleasure, satisfaction, or happiness [U]
* “Her face had a look of pure delight.”
* “[with delight] I read your letter with great delight.”
* “[in delight] The children squealed in delight when they saw all the presents under the Christmas tree.”
* “[delight at] His delight at seeing her again was obvious.”
* “[to someone’s delight] To my delight, I was proved right.”
* “[to the delight of] She played all her biggest hits, to the delight of the crowd.”
* “[take delight in] He seems to take great delight in (= enjoys) teasing his sister.”

2. something or someone that gives great pleasure, satisfaction, or happiness [C usually singular]
* “My sister’s little boy is a real delight.”
* “The film is a delight from start to finish.”
* “[it is a delight to] It was a delight to see her so happy and relaxed.”

Question 18

delight

uk |dɪˈlaɪt| us |dɪˈlaɪt|

verb

Answer 18

1. to give someone great pleasure or satisfaction
* “Peter’s academic success delighted his family.”

Question 19

desire

uk |dɪˈzaɪər| us |dɪˈzaɪr|

verb

Answer 19

1. to want something, especially strongly
* “I desire only to be left in peace.”
* “The hotel had everything you could possibly desire.”
* “[desire someone to do/desire of] What does her Ladyship desire me to do/desire of me?”
* ”[+ to infinitive] The president desires to meet the new prime minister.”

2. to have a strong sexual attraction to someone

Question 20

desire

uk |dɪˈzaɪər| us |dɪˈzaɪr|

noun

Answer 20

1. a strong feeling that you want something [C/U]
* “[have no desire] I certainly have no desire to have children.”
* “[desire for] There is a strong desire for peace among the people.”
* “[satisfy someone’s desire for something] He needed to satisfy his desire for revenge.”
* ”[+ to infinitive] She had a burning/strong desire to go back to her home country before she died.”
* “[express a desire to] Several people have expressed a desire to see the report.”

Question 21

devote something to something/someone

uk |dɪˈvəʊt| us |dɪˈvoʊt|

verb

Answer 21

1. to give all of something, especially your time, effort, or love, or yourself, to something you believe in or to a person
* “He left the Senate to devote more time to his family.”
* “She has devoted all her energies/life to the care of homeless people.”
* “At the age of 25, he decided to devote himself to God.”

2. to use a space, area, time, etc. for a particular purpose [passive]
* “Over half his speech was devoted to the issue of unemployment.”
* “The report recommends that more resources be devoted to teaching four-year-olds.”

Question 22

differentiate

uk |ˌdɪf.əˈren.ʃi.eɪt| us |ˌdɪf.əˈren.ʃi.eɪt|

verb

Answer 22

1. to show or find the difference between things that are compared [I/T]
* “[differentiate between] We do not differentiate between our employees on the basis of their race, religion, or national origin.”
* “[differentiate something from something] Most consumers have no trouble differentiating our brand’s cereal from our leading competitor’s.”
* “Service providers are all keen to differentiate themselves from their competitors.”

2. to make someone or something different [T]
* “[differentiate something from something] The slate roof differentiates this house from others in the area.”
* “We look for features that differentiate the products.”

3. (of cells or tissue) to develop specialized structures or functions [I biology specialized]
* “The cell divides and differentiates to form new, specialized tissue.”
* “[differentiate into] Embryonic stem cells are able to differentiate into any cell type.”
* “[differentiate to] Such cell lines can be induced to differentiate to cells that produce insulin.”

Question 23

envy

uk |ˈen.vi| us |ˈen.vi|

verb

Answer 23

1. to wish that you had something that another person has
* “I envy her ability to talk to people she’s never met before.”
* ”[+ two objects] I don’t envy you the job of cooking for all those people.”

Question 24

envy

uk |ˈen.vi| us |ˈen.vi|

noun

Answer 24

1. the feeling that you wish you had something that someone else has
* “I watched with envy as she set off for the airport.”

Question 25

**fancy** | uk |ˈfæn.si| us |ˈfæn.si| ## Footnote verb

Answer 25

**1. to want to have or do something [T UK]** * *"Do you fancy a drink this evening?"* * *"[+ -ing verb] I didn't fancy swimming in that water."* **2. to be sexually attracted to someone [T UK informal]** * *"He could tell she fancied him."*

Question 26

**fancy** | uk |ˈfæn.si| us |ˈfæn.si| ## Footnote adjective

Answer 26

**1. decorative or complicated** * *"I wanted a simple black dress, nothing fancy."* * *"The decorations were a little too fancy for my tastes."* * *"fancy cakes"* **2. expensive [informal]** * *"We stayed in a fancy hotel near the Champs-Élysées."* * *"a fancy restaurant"*

Question 27

**fascination** | uk |ˌfæs.ənˈeɪ.ʃən| us |ˌfæs.ənˈeɪ.ʃən| ## Footnote noun

Answer 27

**1. the fact of finding someone or something fascinating** * *"[fascination with] Miller's fascination with medieval art dates from her childhood."* * *"[hold a fascination for] Mass murders hold a gruesome fascination for the public."*

Question 28

**favour** | uk |ˈfeɪ.vər| us |ˈfeɪ.vɚ| ## Footnote noun

Answer 28

**1. the support or approval of something or someone [U]** * *"These plans are unlikely to find favour unless the cost is reduced."* * *"[in favour of] The Council voted in favour of a £200 million housing development."* * *"[out of favour with] She is out of favour (= unpopular) with her colleagues."* * *"[in favour with] Her economic theories are in favour (= popular) with the current government."* * *"[win someone's favour] He sent her presents in an attempt to win her favour."*

Question 29

**favour** | uk |ˈfeɪ.vər| us |ˈfeɪ.vɚ| ## Footnote verb

Answer 29

**1. to support or prefer one particular possibility** * *"These are the running shoes favoured by marathon runners."* * *"[favour something over something] In the survey, a majority of people favoured higher taxes and better public services over (= rather than) tax cuts."* * *"[+ -ing verb] I generally favour travelling by night, when the roads are quiet."* **2. to give an advantage to someone or something, in an unfair way** * *"A strong wind will favour the bigger boats."* * *"She always felt that her parents favoured her brother."* **3. to protect or avoid using one leg, hand, arm, etc. because it is painful, injured, etc.** * *"He limped slightly, favouring his left leg."* * *"She was leaning against the table to favour her sprained ankle."* **4. to look similar to a parent or other relation, or to look more similar to the family of one of your parents than to the family of the other [US/old-fashioned UK]** * *"I had not inherited my father's good looks, but favoured my mother's side of the family."*

Question 30

**greedy** | uk |ˈɡriː.di| us |ˈɡriː.di| ## Footnote adjective

Answer 30

**1. wanting a lot more food, money, etc. than you need [disapproving]** * *"greedy, selfish people"* * *"[greedy for] He's greedy for power/success."*

Question 31

**impulse** | uk |ˈɪm.pʌls| us |ˈɪm.pʌls| ## Footnote noun

Answer 31

**1. a sudden strong wish to do something [C + to infinitive]** * *"[impulse to] I had this sudden impulse to shout out "Nonsense!" in the middle of her speech."*

Question 32

**inclined** | uk |ɪnˈklaɪnd| us |ɪnˈklaɪnd| ## Footnote adjective

Answer 32

**1. likely or wanting to do something** * *"[inclined to] Tom is inclined to be lazy."* * *"No one seemed inclined to help."*

Question 33

**liking** | uk |ˈlaɪ.kɪŋ| us |ˈlaɪ.kɪŋ| ## Footnote noun

Answer 33

**1. a feeling that you like someone or something; the fact of liking someone or something** * *"She has a liking for fine wines."* * *"I'm developing quite a liking for jazz."* * *"The dessert was too sweet for my liking (= I like it less sweet)."* * *"[formal] Is the room to your liking, Sir (= are you satisfied with it)?"*

Question 34

**mediocre** | uk |ˌmiː.diˈəʊ.kər| us |ˌmiː.diˈoʊ.kɚ| ## Footnote adjective

Answer 34

**1. not very good** * *"The film's plot is predictable and the acting is mediocre."* * *"Parents don't want their children going to mediocre schools."*

Question 35

**motive** | uk |ˈməʊ.tɪv| us |ˈmoʊ.t̬ɪv| ## Footnote noun

Answer 35

**1. a reason for doing something** * *"Why would she have killed him? She has no motive."* * *"Does he have a motive for lying about where he was?"* * *"What is the motive behind (= the reason for) the bombing?"* * *"I think you should examine/question their motives in offering to lend you the money."* * *"She denies that she has an ulterior (= secret) motive for making the donation."*

Question 36

**motive** | uk |ˈməʊ.tɪv| us |ˈmoʊ.t̬ɪv| ## Footnote adjective

Answer 36

**1. (of power or force) causing movement or action**

Question 37

**mundane** | uk |mʌnˈdeɪn| us |mʌnˈdeɪn| ## Footnote adjective

Answer 37

**1. very ordinary and therefore not interesting** * *"Mundane matters such as paying bills and shopping for food do not interest her."*

Question 38

**obsessed** | uk |əbˈsest| us |əbˈsest| ## Footnote adjective

Answer 38

**1. unable to stop thinking about something; too interested in or worried about something** * *"Why are people so obsessed with money?"* * *"As a society we're obsessed by sex."*

Question 39

**optional** | uk |ˈɒp.ʃən.əl| us |ˈɑːp.ʃən.əl| ## Footnote adjective

Answer 39

**1. If something is optional, you can choose if you want to do it, pay it, buy it, etc.** * *"English is compulsory for all students, but art and music are optional."*

Question 40

**passion** | uk |ˈpæʃ.ən| us |ˈpæʃ.ən| ## Footnote noun

Answer 40

**1. a very powerful feeling, for example of sexual attraction, love, hate, anger, or other emotion** * *"Football arouses a good deal of passion among its fans."* * *"At school, his early interest in music developed into an abiding passion."* * *"Politics and philosophy were his lifelong passions."*

Question 41

**the Passion** | uk |ˈpæʃ.ən| us |ˈpæʃ.ən| ## Footnote noun

Answer 41

**1. in Christianity, the suffering and death of Jesus Christ**

Question 42

**praise** | uk |preɪz| us |preɪz| ## Footnote verb

Answer 42

**1. to express admiration or approval of the achievements or characteristics of a person or thing** * *"He should be praised for his honesty."* * *"My parents always praised me when I did well at school."* * *"He was highly praised for his research on heart disease."* **2. to honour, worship, and express admiration for a god** * *"They sang hymns praising God."*

Question 43

**praise** | uk |preɪz| us |preɪz| ## Footnote noun

Answer 43

**1. things that you say that express your admiration and approval of someone or something** * *"They deserve praise for all their hard work."* * *"His economic policies have won widespread praise for reducing government debt."* * *"Praise from Adrian is (high) praise indeed. (= praise from him is particularly special because he rarely praises anyone.)"* **2. an expression of respect and worship to a god [formal]** * *"As we give praise to God, let us remember those who are less fortunate than ourselves."*

Question 44

**resolve** | uk |rɪˈzɒlv| us |rɪˈzɑːlv| ## Footnote verb

Answer 44

**1. to solve or end a problem or difficulty [T]** * *"[resolve the problem] Have you resolved the problem of transport yet?"* * *"The couple resolved their differences and made an effort to get along."* **2. to make a decision formally or with determination [I formal]** * *"[+ that] She resolved that she would never speak to him again."* * *"[+ adv/prep] After hours of argument, they resolved against taking legal action."* * *"[+ to infinitive] The company resolved to take no further action against the thieves."* **3. If a note or a chord (= group of notes played at the same time) resolves or is resolved, it moves from dissonance (= a strange or unpleasant combination of sounds) to harmony (= a pleasant combination of sounds). [I/T music specialized]** * *"The pianissimo piano chords gradually resolve."* * *"The third of the final chord is then resolved into the fifth."*

Question 45

**resolve** | uk |rɪˈzɒlv| us |rɪˈzɑːlv| ## Footnote noun

Answer 45

**1. strong determination** * *"[weaken/strengthen/test someone's resolve] I faced many challenges that week which all served to weaken/strengthen/test my resolve."*

Question 46

**sacrifice** | uk |ˈsæk.rɪ.faɪs| us |ˈsæk.rə.faɪs| ## Footnote verb

Answer 46

**1. to give up something that is valuable to you in order to help another person [T]** * *"[sacrifice something for something] Many women sacrifice interesting careers for their families."* **2. in baseball, to use your turn to bat (= try to hit the ball) to intentionally hit the ball in a way that will end your turn, in order to allow another player to run to the next base or score a run (= point) [T]** * *"He sacrificed the runner to third base."* **3. to kill an animal or a person and offer them to a god or gods [I/T]**

Question 47

**sacrifice** | uk |ˈsæk.rɪ.faɪs| us |ˈsæk.rə.faɪs| ## Footnote noun

Answer 47

**1. the act of giving up something that is valuable to you in order to help someone else** * *"[make a sacrifice] We had to make sacrifices in order to pay for our children's education."* * *"[at great sacrifice] They cared for their disabled son for 27 years, at great personal sacrifice."* **2. in baseball, an occasion when a player uses their turn to bat (= try to hit the ball) to intentionally hit the ball in a way that will end their turn, in order to allow another player to run to the next base or score a run (= point)** * *"A sacrifice sent the runner to third base."*

Question 48

**strive** | uk |straɪv| us |straɪv| ## Footnote verb

Answer 48

**1. to try very hard to do something or to make something happen, especially for a long time or against difficulties** * *"[+ to infinitive] Mr Roe has kindled expectations that he must now strive to live up to."* * *"In her writing she strove for a balance between innovation and familiar prose forms."*

Question 49

**taste** | uk |teɪst| us |teɪst| ## Footnote noun

Answer 49

**1. the flavour of something, or the ability of a person or animal to recognize different flavours [C/U]** * *"[taste of] I love the taste of garlic."* * *"[acquired taste] Olives are usually an acquired taste (= you only like them after you have become familiar with their taste)."* * *"[sense of taste] When you have a cold you often lose your sense of taste."*

Question 50

**taste** | uk |teɪst| us |teɪst| ## Footnote verb

Answer 50

**1. to put food or drink in your mouth to find out what flavour it has** * *"Taste this sauce and tell me if it needs seasoning."* * *"What is this? I've never tasted anything like it."*

Question 51

**tempting** | uk |ˈtemp.tɪŋ| us |ˈtemp.tɪŋ| ## Footnote adjective

Answer 51

**1. If something is tempting, you want to do or have it** * *"a tempting offer"* * *"That pie looks very tempting."* * *"[+ to infinitive] It's tempting to blame video games for violent behaviour in young men."*

Question 52

**urge** | uk |ɜːdʒ| us |ɝːdʒ| ## Footnote noun

Answer 52

**1. a strong wish, especially one that is difficult or impossible to control** * *"The two of them seem unable to control their sexual urges."* * *"[+ to infinitive] The urge to steal is very strong in some of these young men."*

Question 53

**urge** | uk |ɜːdʒ| us |ɝːdʒ| ## Footnote verb

Answer 53

**1. to strongly advise or try to persuade someone to do a particular thing** * *"[+ to infinitive] Lawyers will urge the parents to take further legal action."* * *"[+ that] Investigators urged that safety procedures at the site should be improved."* * *"Police urged continued vigilance in the fight against crime."* * *"The dogs are urged into fighting more fiercely by loud shouts from the crowd."* * *"We will continue to urge for leniency to be shown to these prisoners."*

Question 54

**welcome** | uk |ˈwel.kəm| us |ˈwel.kəm| ## Footnote verb

Answer 54

**1. to be pleased about and encourage or support something** * *"The new appointment has been widely welcomed."* **2. to meet and speak to someone in a friendly way when they arrive** * *"[be warmly welcomed] The visitors were warmly welcomed by the head of the department."* * *"Browning stood at the door, welcoming newcomers with a large smile and a pat on the arm."* * *"Please welcome (= please clap for) our guest of honour, George Taylor."*

Question 55

**welcome** | uk |ˈwel.kəm| us |ˈwel.kəm| ## Footnote adjective

Answer 55

**1. If someone is welcome, you are pleased when they visit you** * *"Come and see us whenever you're in town - you're always welcome/you'll always be welcome."* * *"[welcome guest] Their tradition is that the traveller is a welcome guest."*

Question 56

**welcome** | uk |ˈwel.kəm| us |ˈwel.kəm| ## Footnote noun

Answer 56

**1. the way in which someone is met and spoken to when they arrive in a place [C/U]** * *"[be given a warm welcome] They were given a warm (= very friendly) welcome."* * *"[hero's/heroine's welcome] The leader of the political protests returned to a hero's/heroine's welcome after seven years in exile."* * *"[speech of welcome/welcome speech] She referred to his previous visit in her speech of welcome/welcome speech."*

Question 57

**worthwhile** | uk |ˌwɜːθˈwaɪl| us |ˌwɝːθˈwaɪl| ## Footnote adjective

Answer 57

**1. useful, important, or good enough to be a suitable reward for the money or time spent or the effort made** * *"She considers teaching a worthwhile career."* * *"The time and expense involved in keeping up to date with all the changes has been worthwhile."* * *"If you need him on this project, you've got to make it financially worthwhile for him (= you will have to pay him a suitable amount of money for the amount of work involved)."*

Question 58

**yearn** | uk |jɜːn| us |jɝːn| ## Footnote verb

Answer 58

**1. to wish very strongly, especially for something that you cannot have or something that is very difficult to have** * *"Despite his great commercial success he still yearns for critical approval."* * *"[+ to infinitive] Sometimes I just yearn to be alone."*

Question 59

**absorbing** | uk |əbˈzɔː.bɪŋ| us |əbˈzɔːr.bɪŋ| ## Footnote adjective

Answer 59

**1. Something that is absorbing is very interesting and keeps your attention** * *"I read her last novel and found it very absorbing."*

Question 60

**casual** | uk |ˈkæʒ.ju.əl| us |ˈkæʒ.uː.əl| ## Footnote adjective

Answer 60

**1. Casual clothes are not formal or not suitable for special occasions** * *"He was dressed in casual clothes - sneakers, blue jeans, and a t-shirt."* **2. not taking or not seeming to take much interest** * *"The psychologist's attitude seemed far too casual, even brutal."* * *"Security around the conference hotel seemed almost casual."* * *"Although close to tears, she tried to make her voice sound casual."* **3. not regular or fixed [before noun]** * *"They were having casual sex, but it never became a serious relationship."* * *"casual labour/labourers/workers"* **4. not serious, considered, or planned [before noun]** * *"To a casual observer, everything might appear normal."* * *"It was just a casual comment - I didn't mean it to be taken so seriously."*

Question 61

**exhilarating** | uk |ɪɡˈzɪl.ə.reɪ.tɪŋ| us |ɪɡˈzɪl.ə.reɪ.t̬ɪŋ| ## Footnote adjective

Answer 61

**1. making you feel very excited and happy** * *"an exhilarating walk in the mountains"*

Question 62

**fatigue** | uk |fəˈtiːɡ| us |fəˈtiːɡ| ## Footnote noun

Answer 62

**1. extreme tiredness [U formal]** * *"[suffer from fatigue] She was suffering from fatigue."* **2. weakness in something, such as a metal part or structure, often caused by repeated bending [U engineering specialized]** * *"[metal fatigue] The crash was caused by metal fatigue in one of the propeller blades."*

Question 63

**fatigue** | uk |fəˈtiːɡ| us |fəˈtiːɡ| ## Footnote verb

Answer 63

**1. to make someone extremely tired** * *"The journey had fatigued him."*

Question 64

**indulge** | uk |ɪnˈdʌldʒ| us |ɪnˈdʌldʒ| ## Footnote verb

Answer 64

**1. to allow yourself or another person to have something enjoyable, especially more than is good for you [I/T]** * *"The soccer fans indulged their patriotism, waving flags and singing songs."* * *"I love champagne but I don't often indulge myself."* * *"[indulge in] We took a deliberate decision to indulge in a little nostalgia."* **2. to give someone anything they want and not to mind if they behave badly [T]** * *"My aunt indulges the children dreadfully."*

Question 65

**lifestyle** | uk |ˈlaɪf.staɪl| us |ˈlaɪf.staɪl| ## Footnote noun

Answer 65

**1. someone's way of living; the things that a person or particular group of people usually do** * *"He doesn't have a very healthy lifestyle."* * *"She needs a pretty high income to support her lifestyle."* * *"an alternative lifestyle"*

Question 66

**leave** | uk |liːv| us |liːv| ## Footnote verb

Answer 66

**1. to go away from someone or something, for a short time or permanently [I/T]** * *"I'll be leaving at five o'clock tomorrow."* * *"He left the house by the back door."* * *"She left the group of people she was with and came over to speak to us."* * *"The bus leaves in five minutes."* **2. to not take something or someone with you when you go, either intentionally or by accident [T]** * *"Hey, you've left your keys on the table."* * *"Can I leave a message for Sue?"* * *"Why don't you leave the kids with me on Friday?"* **3. If something leaves something else, a part or effect of it stays after it has gone or been used** * *"His shoes left muddy marks on the floor."* * *"[+ two objects] If I give you €50 that won't leave me enough cash to pay the bill."* * *"[+ obj + adj] Far from improving things, the new law has left many people worse off (= they are now in a worse situation) than before."* **4. If you leave something in a particular condition, you do not touch it, move it, or act to change it in any way, so that it stays in the same condition [T]** * *"Leave that chair where it is."* * *"He left most of his dinner (= did not eat much of it)."* * *"[+ obj + adj] The family were left (= became and continued to be) homeless."* * *"I'll have to go back - I think I've left the iron on."* * *"You can leave the window open."* * *"Leave your sister alone (= stop annoying her)."* **5. If you leave something or someone doing something, he, she, or it is still doing it when you go away [T + obj + -ing verb]** * *"I left the children watching television."* * *"He left the engine running."* **6. to not eat or use all of something [T]** * *"They'd eaten all the cake, but they'd left some sandwiches."* * *"Make sure you leave enough hot water for the rest of us."*

Question 67

**leave** | uk |liːv| us |liːv| ## Footnote noun

Answer 67

**1. time allowed away from work for a holiday or illness [U]** * *"How much annual/paid leave do you get?"* * *"She's (gone) on leave (= holiday)."* * *"I've asked if I can take a week's unpaid leave."*

Question 68

**outing** | uk |ˈaʊ.tɪŋ| us |ˈaʊ.t̬ɪŋ| ## Footnote noun

Answer 68

**1. a short journey made by a group of people, usually for pleasure or education [C]** * *"Every year the professor takes her students on an outing to the archives of the Library of Congress."* * *"[UK] Rosie's going on a class/school outing to the Wildlife Park."* **2. an occasion when it is made public that a famous person is gay when he or she wanted to keep this information private [C/U]** * *"There have been several outings of well-known movie stars recently."*

Question 69

**pastime** | uk |ˈpɑːs.taɪm| us |ˈpæs.taɪm| ## Footnote noun

Answer 69

**1. an activity that is done for enjoyment** * *"Do-it-yourself is the nation's most popular pastime."* * *"[figurative] Suing people, especially doctors, is becoming a national pastime (= common activity) in America."*

Question 70

**pursue** | uk |pəˈsjuː| us |pɚˈsuː| ## Footnote verb

Answer 70

**1. to follow someone or something, usually to try to catch him, her, or it** * *"The car was pursued by helicopters."* * *"The hunters spent hours pursuing their prey."* * *"He was killed by the driver of a stolen car who was being hotly pursued by the police."* **2. to try very hard to persuade someone to accept a job** * *"The company has been pursuing Holton for some time, but so far he has rejected all their offers."* **3. to try to discover information about a subject** * *"We will not be pursuing this matter any further."* * *"The police are currently pursuing several lines of inquiry into the case."* * *"I don't think this idea is worth pursuing any further."* * *"The press has pursued this story relentlessly."* **4. to try very hard to persuade someone to have a relationship with you** * *"He's been pursuing her for months and yet she's so clearly not interested."* **5. If you pursue a plan, activity, or situation, you try to do it or achieve it, usually over a long period of time** * *"He decided to pursue a career in television."* * *"We need to decide soon what marketing strategy we should pursue for these new products."* * *"Michael Evans is leaving the company to pursue his own business interests."* * *"She is ruthless in pursuing her goals."*

Question 71

**recreation** | uk |ˌrek.riˈeɪ.ʃən| us |ˌrek.riˈeɪ.ʃən| ## Footnote noun

Answer 71

**1. (a way of) enjoying yourself when you are not working** * *"His favourite recreations are golf and playing Scrabble."* * *"Emma's only form of recreation seems to be shopping."*

Question 72

**recreation** | uk |ˌriː.kriˈeɪ.ʃən| us |ˌriː.kriˈeɪ.ʃən| ## Footnote noun

Answer 72

**1. the act of making something exist or happen again [C/U]** * *"a recreation of one of the most famous events in history"* * *"The evening will be devoted to stand-up comedy, not the re-creation of classic skits."* **2. something that has been made or done to be the same as something that happened or existed in the past [C]** * *"From this opening tune, it was clear that hers would not be a historically obsessed re-creation."* * *"The rest of the collection is arranged in a horseshoe around a re-creation of a drive-in movie theatre."*

Question 73

**respite** | uk |ˈres.paɪt| us |ˈres.pət| ## Footnote noun

Answer 73

**1. a pause or rest from something difficult or unpleasant [U]** * *"We worked for hours without respite."* **2. a useful delay before something unpleasant happens [S]** * *"Their teacher was away, so they had a day's respite before their essays were due."*

Question 74

**sedentary** | uk |ˈsed.ən.tər.i| us |ˈsed.ən.ter.i| ## Footnote adjective

Answer 74

**1. involving little exercise or physical activity** * *"a sedentary job/occupation"* * *"My doctor says I should start playing sport because my lifestyle is too sedentary."* **2. used to refer to organisms that do not ever or often move from one position or place [biology specialized]** * *"This is quite a sedentary species and this is the longest journey for a female we know of."* * *"Beneath the kelp there are sedentary organisms such as molluscs of many types."*

Question 75

**socialize** | uk |ˈsəʊ.ʃəl.aɪz| us |ˈsoʊ.ʃə.laɪz| ## Footnote verb

Answer 75

**1. to spend time when you are not working with friends or with other people in order to enjoy yourself [I]** * *"I tend not to socialize with my colleagues."* * *"I hope Adam's actually doing some work at college - he seems to spend all his time socializing!"* **2. to train people or animals to behave in a way that others in the group think is suitable [T]** * *"Here at the school we make every effort to socialize these young offenders."*

Question 76

**solitude** | uk |ˈsɒl.ɪ.tʃuːd| us |ˈsɑː.lə.tuːd| ## Footnote noun

Answer 76

**1. the situation of being alone without other people** * *"a life of solitude"* * *"After months of solitude at sea it felt strange to be in company."* * *"It provides one with a chance to reflect on spiritual matters in solitude."*

Question 77

**tedious** | uk |ˈtiː.di.əs| us |ˈtiː.di.əs| ## Footnote adjective

Answer 77

**1. boring** * *"a tedious job"* * *"The problem is I find most forms of exercise so tedious."*

Question 78

**trivial** | uk |ˈtrɪv.i.əl| us |ˈtrɪv.i.əl| ## Footnote adjective

Answer 78

**1. having little value or importance** * *"I don't know why he gets so upset about something so trivial."* * *"Sexual harassment in the workplace is not a trivial matter."* **2. A trivial problem is easy to solve** * *"Getting computers to understand human language is not a trivial problem."*

Question 79

**unwind** | uk |ʌnˈwaɪnd| us |ʌnˈwaɪnd| ## Footnote verb

Answer 79

**1. If you unwind something that is wrapped around an object, you unfasten it, and if it unwinds, it becomes unfastened [I/T]** * *"In a nearby medical tent, a US Army doctor gently unwinds Metruk's bandage."* **2. to relax and allow your mind to be free from worry after a period of work or some other activity that has made you worried [I (also wind down)]** * *"A glass of wine in the evening helps me to unwind after work."*

Question 80

**venue** | uk |ˈven.juː| us |ˈven.juː| ## Footnote noun

Answer 80

**1. the place where a public event or meeting happens** * *"The hotel is an ideal venue for conferences and business meetings."* * *"The stadium has been specifically designed as a venue for World Cup matches."* **2. the city or county in which a trial happens [law US specialized]**