UNITS 23&24 • TOPIC

Question 1

adjacent

uk |əˈdʒeɪ.sənt| us |əˈdʒeɪ.sənt|

adjective

Answer 1

1. very near, next to, or touching
* “They work in adjacent buildings.”
* “They lived in a house adjacent to the railway.”

Question 2

attach

uk |əˈtætʃ| us |əˈtætʃ|

verb

Answer 2

1. to fasten, join, or connect something
* “[attach something to something] I attached a photo to my application form.”
* “Use this cable to attach the printer to the computer.”
* “In the UK , packets of cigarettes come with a government health warning attached to them (= on them).”
* “I attach (= am sending, usually with a letter) a copy of our latest report.”

Question 3

bond

uk |bɒnd| us |bɑːnd|

noun

Answer 3

1. a close connection joining two or more people [C]
* “There has been a close bond between them ever since she saved him from drowning.”
* “[family bond] In societies with strong family bonds (= relationships), people tend to live longer.”
* “[form a bond] She formed a bond with her roommate, and they soon became best friends.”
* “the bond(s) of friendship/love”

2. an official paper given by the government or a company to show that you have lent them money that they will pay back to you at a particular interest rate [C]
* “They invest in the safest type of corporate bonds.”
* “He keeps about 40% of his assets in stocks, with the remainder invested in bonds and cash.”

Question 4

bond

uk |bɒnd| us |bɑːnd|

verb

Answer 4

1. to stick materials together, especially using glue, or to be stuck together like this
* “This new adhesive can bond metal to glass.”

2. to develop a close connection or strong relationship with someone, or to make someone do this
* “The aim was to bond the group into a closely knit team.”
* “The hospital gives mothers no quiet private time in which to bond with their babies.”

3. to hold atoms together in a molecule by a chemical bond, or to be held together like this
* “[be bonded together] Molecules of these compounds consist of atoms of different elements chemically bonded together.”
* “One Br atom bonds to each carbon atom.”

Question 5

coexist

uk |ˌkəʊ.ɪɡˈzɪst| us |ˌkoʊ.ɪɡˈzɪst|

verb

Answer 5

1. to live or exist together at the same time or in the same place
* “[coexist with] He does not believe that modern medicine can co-exist with faith-healing.”
* “When asked how he will coexist with the new coach, he just laughed.”

Question 6

coherent

uk |kəʊˈhɪə.rənt| us |koʊˈhɪr.ənt|

adjective

Answer 6

1. If an argument, set of ideas, or a plan is coherent, it is clear and carefully considered, and each part of it connects or follows in a natural or reasonable way.

2. If someone is coherent, you can understand what that person says
* “When she calmed down, she was more coherent (= able to speak clearly and be understood).”

Question 7

compatible

uk |kəmˈpæt.ə.bəl| us |kəmˈpæt̬.ə.bəl|

adjective

Answer 7

1. able to exist, live, or work successfully with something or someone else
* “It was when we started living together that we found we just weren’t compatible.”
* “Such policies are not compatible with democratic government.”
* “Are their two blood groups compatible (= can blood from one person be given to the other person)?”

2. able to be used with a particular type of computer, machine, device, etc.
* “This software may not be compatible with older operating systems.”
* “Most models of coffee maker are compatible with only certain brands of coffee pods.”
* “The cartridges can be used in any compatible printer.”

Question 8

comprise

uk |kəmˈpraɪz| us |kəmˈpraɪz|

verb

Answer 8

1. to have things or people as parts or members; to consist of
* “The course comprises a class book, a practice book, and a CD.”

2. to be the parts or members of something; to make up something
* “Italian students comprise 60 percent of the class.”
* “The class is comprised mainly of Italian and French students.”
* “Visible light comprises only a minute fraction of the electromagnetic spectrum.”

Question 9

compromise

uk |ˈkɒm.prə.maɪz| us |ˈkɑːm.prə.maɪz|

noun

Answer 9

1. an agreement in an argument in which the people involved reduce their demands or change their opinion in order to agree
* “It is hoped that a compromise will be reached in today’s talks.”
* “In a compromise between management and unions, a four percent pay rise was agreed in return for an increase in productivity.”
* “The government has said that there will be no compromise with terrorists.”

Question 10

compromise

uk |ˈkɒm.prə.maɪz| us |ˈkɑːm.prə.maɪz|

verb

Answer 10

1. to accept that you will reduce your demands or change your opinion in order to reach an agreement with someone [I]
* “Party unity is threatened when members will not compromise.”
* “Well, you want $400 and I say $300, so let’s compromise at/on $350.”

2. to allow your principles to be less strong or your standards or morals to be lower [T disapproving]
* “Don’t compromise your beliefs/principles for the sake of being accepted.”
* “If we back down on this issue, our reputation will be compromised.”
* “His political career ended when he compromised himself by accepting bribes.”

3. to risk having a harmful effect on something [T]
* “We would never compromise the safety of our passengers.”

Question 11

conflict

uk |ˈkɒn.flɪkt| us |ˈkɑːn.flɪkt|

noun

Answer 11

1. an active disagreement between people with opposing opinions or principles
* “[conflict between] There was a lot of conflict between him and his father.”
* “It was an unpopular policy and caused a number of conflicts within the party.”
* “[bring someone into conflict with someone/something] His outspoken views would frequently bring him into conflict with the president.”

2. fighting between two or more groups of people or countries
* “[conflict between] We wish to avoid conflict between our countries if at all possible.”

3. a situation in which beliefs, needs, facts, etc. are very different and cannot easily exist together or both be true
* “[conflict between] Is a conflict between protection of the environment and economic growth inevitable?”
* “He says he sees no conflict in being gentle and caring and being a strong man.”

Question 12

conflict

uk |kənˈflɪkt| us |kənˈflɪkt|

verb

Answer 12

1. If beliefs, needs, or facts, etc. conflict, they are very different and cannot easily exist together or both be true
* “[conflict with] The results of the new research would seem to conflict with existing theories.”

2. to fight or disagree actively
* “[conflict with] If the two sides conflict with each other again, it will be disastrous for party unity.”

Question 13

confront

uk |kənˈfrʌnt| us |kənˈfrʌnt|

verb

Answer 13

1. to face, meet, or deal with a difficult situation or person
* “As she left the court, she was confronted by angry crowds who tried to block her way.”
* “It’s an issue we’ll have to confront at some point, no matter how unpleasant it is.”
* “I thought I would stay calm, but when I was confronted with/by the TV camera, I got very nervous.”

Question 14

consistent

uk |kənˈsɪs.tənt| us |kənˈsɪs.tənt|

adjective

Answer 14

1. always behaving or happening in a similar, especially positive, way
* “There has been a consistent improvement in her attitude.”
* “Her work is sometimes good, but the problem is she’s not consistent.”

2. in agreement with other facts or with typical or previous behaviour, or having the same principles as something else [after verb]
* “[consistent with] What the witness said in court was not consistent with the statement he made to the police.”
* “We do not consider his behaviour to be consistent with the holding of a high-ranking job.”

Question 15

contradict

uk |ˌkɒn.trəˈdɪkt| us |ˌkɑːn.trəˈdɪkt|

verb

Answer 15

1. (of people) to say the opposite of what someone else has said, or (of one fact or statement) to be so different from another fact or statement that one of them must be wrong
* “If you’re both going to lie, at least stick to the same story and don’t contradict each other!”
* “[contradict yourself] He kept contradicting himself when we were arguing - I think he was a bit confused.”
* “How dare you contradict (me)!”
* “Recent evidence has contradicted established theories on this subject.”

Question 16

contrasting

uk |kənˈtrɑː.stɪŋ| us |kənˈtræs.tɪŋ|

adjective

Answer 16

1. very different
* “contrasting colours/flavours”
* “the contrasting attitudes of different age-groups”

Question 17

cooperate

uk |kəʊˈɒp.ər.eɪt| us |koʊˈɑː.pə.reɪt|

verb

Answer 17

1. to act or work together for a particular purpose, or to be helpful by doing what someone asks you to do
* “A two-year old is likely to refuse to cooperate when you tell her to get dressed.”
* “[cooperate in] The two companies have cooperated in joint ventures for the past several years.”
* “The Spanish authorities cooperated with the British police in finding the terrorists.”

Question 18

correspond

uk |ˌkɒr.ɪˈspɒnd| us |ˌkɔːr.əˈspɑːnd|

verb

Answer 18

1. to match or be similar or equal
* “[correspond to] The money I’ve saved corresponds roughly to the amount I need for my plane ticket.”
* “The American FBI corresponds to the British MI5.”
* “[correspond with] His story of what happened that night didn’t correspond with the witness’s version.”

2. to communicate by writing a letter or sending an email [formal]
* “[correspond with] I’ve been corresponding with several experts in the field.”
* “They corresponded for years but never met.”

Question 19

dispute

uk |dɪˈspjuːt| |ˈdɪs.pjuːt| us |dɪˈspjuːt| |ˈdɪs.pjuːt|

noun

Answer 19

1. an argument or disagreement, especially an official one between, for example, workers and employers or two countries with a common border
* “a bitter/long-running dispute”
* “a border dispute”
* “a pay/legal/trade dispute”
* “[dispute over] They have been unable to settle/resolve the dispute over working conditions.”
* “[in dispute with] The unions are in dispute with management over pay.”

Question 20

dispute

uk |dɪˈspjuːt| us |dɪˈspjuːt|

verb

Answer 20

1. to disagree with something that someone says
* “Few would dispute his status as the finest artist of the period.”
* “[be hotly disputed] The circumstances of her death have been hotly disputed.”
* ”[+ (that)] I don’t dispute (that) his movies are entertaining, but they don’t have much depth.”

Question 21

distinguish

uk |dɪˈstɪŋ.ɡwɪʃ| us |dɪˈstɪŋ.ɡwɪʃ|

verb

Answer 21

1. to notice or understand the difference between two things, or to make one person or thing seem different from another [I/T, not continuous]
* “[distinguish between] He’s colour-blind and can’t distinguish (the difference) between red and green easily.”
* “[distinguish someone/something from someone/something] I sometimes have difficulty distinguishing Spanish from Portuguese.”
* “It’s important to distinguish between business and pleasure.”
* “It’s not the beauty so much as the range of his voice that distinguishes him from other tenors.”

Question 22

diverse

uk |daɪˈvɜːs| us |dɪˈvɝːs|

adjective

Answer 22

1. including many different types of people or things
* “Students from countries as diverse as Colombia and Lithuania use Cambridge textbooks.”
* “[culturally diverse] New York is a very culturally diverse city.”
* “[ethnically diverse] I find it stimulating to live in such an ethnically diverse part of town.”

2. very different from each other
* “We hold very diverse views on the topic.”

Question 23

divorce

uk |dɪˈvɔːs| us |dɪˈvɔːrs|

noun

Answer 23

1. an official or legal process to end a marriage [C/U]
* “The last I heard they were getting a divorce.”
* “Divorce is on the increase.”
* “Ellie wants a divorce.”
* “[end in divorce] What are the chances of a marriage ending in divorce?”

2. a separation [C formal]
* “[divorce between] Why is there such a divorce between the arts and the sciences in this country’s schools?”

Question 24

divorce

uk |dɪˈvɔːs| us |dɪˈvɔːrs|

verb

Answer 24

1. to end your marriage by an official or legal process [I/T]
* “She’s divorcing her husband.”

2. to separate two subjects [T]
* “How can you divorce the issues of environmental protection and overpopulation?”

Question 25

divorcé

uk |dɪˌvɔːˈseɪː| us |dəˌvɔːrˈseɪː|

noun

Answer 25

1. a man who is divorced and who has not married again [US]

Question 26

equivalent

uk |ɪˈkwɪv.əl.ənt| us |ɪˈkwɪv.əl.ənt|

adjective

Answer 26

1. having the same amount, value, purpose, qualities, etc.
* “She’s doing the equivalent job in the new company but for more money.”
* “[equivalent to] Is $50 equivalent to about £30?”

Question 27

equivalent

uk |ɪˈkwɪv.əl.ənt| us |ɪˈkwɪv.əl.ənt|

noun

Answer 27

1. something that has the same amount, value, purpose, qualities, etc. as something else
* “[equivalent for] There is no English equivalent for “bon appetit” so we have adopted the French expression.”
* “[equivalent of] Ten thousand people a year die of the disease - that’s the equivalent of the population of this town.”

Question 28

exclude

uk |ɪksˈkluːd| us |ɪksˈkluːd|

verb

Answer 28

1. to prevent someone or something from entering a place or taking part in an activity
* “[be excluded from] Women are still excluded from the club.”
* “Microbes must, as far as possible, be excluded from the room during an operation.”
* “[UK] Tom has been excluded from school (= he is not allowed to go to school) for bad behaviour.”

Question 29

external

uk |ɪkˈstɜː.nəl| us |ɪkˈstɝː.nəl|

adjective

Answer 29

1. of, on, for, or coming from the outside
* “the external walls of the house”
* “[external to] Female kangaroos carry their young in pouches that are external to their bodies.”
* “This cream is for external use only (= it must not be put inside the body).”
* “In later years, his paintings began to show a number of external influences (= influences coming from other people).”
* “[external appearance] You shouldn’t judge people by their external appearances (= what they appear to be like).”

Question 30

identify

uk |aɪˈden.tɪ.faɪ| us |aɪˈden.t̬ə.faɪ|

verb

Answer 30

1. to recognize someone or something and say or prove who or what that person or thing is [T]
* “Even the smallest baby can identify its mother by her voice.”
* “The gunman in Wednesday’s attack has been identified as Lee Giggs, an unemployed truck driver.”
* “The police officer identified himself (= gave his name or proved who he was) and asked for our help.”

2. to recognize a problem, need, fact, etc. and to show that it exists [T]
* “The research will be used to identify training needs.”
* “You need to identify your priorities.”

3. to feel and say that you belong to a particular group of people [I + adv/prep]
* “[identify as] Someone who is assigned male at birth may identify as female.”
* “Voters identifying as Republicans dropped by 2 percent.”
* “Although race is a social construction, it’s a big part of how you identify.”

Question 31

identify with someone

uk |aɪˈden.tɪ.faɪ| us |aɪˈden.t̬ə.faɪ|

verb

Answer 31

1. to feel that you are similar to someone in some way and that you can understand that person or their situation because of this
* “Many women of normal weight feel unable to identify with the super-thin models in fashion magazines.”

Question 32

identify someone/something with something

uk |aɪˈden.tɪ.faɪ| us |aɪˈden.t̬ə.faɪ|

verb

Answer 32

1. to believe that someone or something is closely connected or involved with something
* “Many football fans are unfairly identified with violent behaviour.”

Question 33

integral

uk |ˈɪn.tɪ.ɡrəl| us |ˈɪn.t̬ə.ɡrəl|

adjective

Answer 33

1. necessary and important as a part of a whole
* “[integral part] He’s an integral part of the team and we can’t do without him.”
* “[integral to] Bars and terrace cafés are integral to the social life of the city.”

2. contained within something; not separate [UK]
* “All rooms have a flat-screen TV with integral DVD-player.”
* “The integral garage had been converted to make another bedroom.”

Question 34

integral

uk |ˈɪn.tɪ.ɡrəl| us |ˈɪn.t̬ə.ɡrəl|

noun

Answer 34

1. a number or function that gives the area under a curve on a graph between two points [mathematics specialized]
* “The process of finding integrals is called integration.”
* “We know that the derivative of x2 is 2x, so an integral of 2x is x2.”

Question 35

integrate

uk |ˈɪn.tɪ.ɡreɪt| us |ˈɪn.t̬ə.ɡreɪt|

verb

Answer 35

1. to mix with and join society or a group of people, often changing to suit their way of life, habits, and customs [I/T]
* “He seems to find it difficult to integrate socially.”
* “It’s very difficult to integrate yourself into a society whose culture is so different from your own.”
* “[integrate into] Children are often very good at integrating into a new culture.”

2. to combine two or more things in order to become more effective [T]
* “[integrate something into something] You need to integrate exercise into your normal life.”
* “[integrate something with something] The idea with young children is to integrate learning with play.”

3. to calculate the integral of a function [T mathematics specialized]
* “This step-by-step maths tutorial takes you through integrating a function.”
* “Try integrating cos(x) with different start and end values.”

Question 36

interfere

uk |ˌɪn.təˈfɪər| us |ˌɪn.t̬ɚˈfɪr|

verb

Answer 36

1. to involve yourself in a situation when your involvement is not wanted or is not helpful
* “It’s their problem and I’m not going to interfere.”
* “[US] I’d never interfere between (US with) a husband and wife.”
* “Interfering in other people’s relationships is always a mistake.”

Question 37

intermediate

uk |ˌɪn.təˈmiː.di.ət| us |ˌɪn.t̬ɚˈmiː.di.ət|

adjective

Answer 37

1. being between two other related things, levels, or points
* “There are three levels of difficulty in this game: low, intermediate, and high.”
* “This novel is too difficult for intermediate students of English.”

Question 38

internal

uk |ɪnˈtɜː.nəl| us |ɪnˈtɝː.nəl|

adjective

Answer 38

1. inside the body
* “He sustained injuries to his arms, legs, and several internal organs.”

2. inside a person’s mind
* “The internal struggle with his conscience continued.”
* “She didn’t want to be left alone with her dark internal thoughts.”

3. inside an object or building
* “Temperature is an indication of an object’s internal energy level.”
* “An internal wall has been removed.”

Question 39

intervene

uk |ˌɪn.təˈviːn| us |ˌɪn.t̬ɚˈviːn|

verb

Answer 39

1. to intentionally become involved in a difficult situation in order to improve it or prevent it from getting worse
* “The Central Bank intervened in the currency markets today to try to stabilize the exchange rate.”
* ”[+ to infinitive] The minister intervened personally to stop the museum from being closed.”

2. to happen between two times or between other events or activities
* “Two decades intervened between the completion of the design and the opening of the theatre.”

Question 40

intimate

uk |ˈɪn.tɪ.mət| us |ˈɪn.tə.mət|

adjective

Answer 40

1. having, or being likely to cause, a very close friendship or personal or sexual relationship
* “intimate relationships”
* “[intimate atmosphere] The restaurant has a very intimate atmosphere.”
* “[intimate with] He’s become very intimate with an actress.”

2. (of knowledge or understanding) detailed, and obtained from a lot of studying or experience
* “[intimate knowledge] She has intimate knowledge of Tuscany, where she has lived for 20 years.”

Question 41

intimate

uk |ˈɪn.tɪ.mət| us |ˈɪn.tə.mət|

noun

Answer 41

1. a friend you know very well
* “Intimates of the star say that he has been upset by the personal attacks on him that have appeared in the press recently.”

Question 42

intimate

uk |ˈɪn.tɪ.meɪt| us |ˈɪn.tə.meɪt|

verb

Answer 42

1. to make clear what you think or want without saying it directly
* ”[+ (that)] She has intimated that she will resign if she loses the vote.”

Question 43

involve

uk |ɪnˈvɒlv| us |ɪnˈvɑːlv|

verb

Answer 43

1. If an activity, situation, etc. involves something, that thing is a part of the activity, etc.
* “Research involving the use of biological warfare agents will be used for defensive purposes.”
* ”[+ -ing verb] The operation involves putting a small tube into your heart.”

2. If a situation involves someone or something, he, she, or it is affected by it
* “The second accident involved two cars and a lorry.”

3. to include someone in something, or to make them take part in or feel part of it
* “I prefer teaching methods that actively involve students in learning.”
* “She’s been involved with animal rights for many years.”
* “It would be difficult not to involve the child’s father in the arrangements.”

Question 44

joint

uk |dʒɔɪnt| us |dʒɔɪnt|

adjective

Answer 44

1. belonging to or shared between two or more people
* “a joint bank account”
* “The project was a joint effort between the two schools (= they worked on it together).”
* “The two Russian ice skaters came joint second (= they were both given second prize) in the world championships.”
* “In court, the parents were awarded joint custody of their son (= the right to care for him was shared between them).”

Question 45

joint

uk |dʒɔɪnt| us |dʒɔɪnt|

noun

Answer 45

1. a place in your body where two bones are connected
* “an elbow/hip/knee joint”
* “As you become older, your joints get stiffer.”

Question 46

joint

uk |dʒɔɪnt| us |dʒɔɪnt|

verb

Answer 46

1. to cut meat into large pieces ready for cooking

Question 47

liken someone/something to someone/something

uk |ˈlaɪ.kən| us |ˈlaɪ.kən|

verb

Answer 47

1. to say that someone is similar to or has the same qualities as someone else
* “She’s been likened to a young Elizabeth Taylor.”

Question 48

link

uk |lɪŋk| us |lɪŋk|

noun

Answer 48

1. a connection between two people, things, or ideas
* “There’s a direct link between diet and heart disease.”
* “Their links with Mexico are still strong.”
* “diplomatic links between the two countries”

2. a connection between documents on the internet
* “Click on this link to visit our online bookshop.”

3. one of the rings in a chain

Question 49

link

uk |lɪŋk| us |lɪŋk|

verb

Answer 49

1. to make a connection between two or more people, things, or ideas [T]
* “The explosions are not thought to be linked in any way.”
* “The use of CFCs was linked to the depletion of the ozone layer.”

2. to connect two objects or places physically [T]
* “It can play MP3 music files and can be linked to an iPod with an extra lead.”
* “Turkey, because of its location linking the European and Asian continents, has become a primary transit point for the efforts.”

3. to make a connection with a website, social media post, video, etc. on the internet [I/T]
* “We will link to this post from the project website.”
* “She linked a video about finding work on social media.”

Question 50

merge

uk |mɜːdʒ| us |mɝːdʒ|

verb

Answer 50

1. to combine or join together, or to cause things to do this [I/T]
* “They decided to merge the two companies into one.”
* “The country’s two biggest banks are planning to merge.”
* “After a while the narrow trail merges with a wider path.”

2. to join a line of moving traffic without causing other vehicles to slow down [I US (UK filter in)]

Question 51

mutual

uk |ˈmjuː.tʃu.əl| us |ˈmjuː.tʃu.əl|

adjective

Answer 51

1. (of two or more people or groups) feeling the same emotion, or doing the same thing to or for each other
* “Theirs was a partnership based on mutual respect, trust and understanding.”
* “Both countries are acting to their mutual advantage.”
* “The agreement was terminated by mutual consent.”

Question 52

mutual

uk |ˈmjuː.tʃu.əl| us |ˈmjuː.tʃu.əl|

noun

Answer 52

1. a financial organization that is owned by its members, rather than by shareholders
* “Mutuals offer good returns because all the profits go to the policyholders.”

2. a person who is the friend of two people who may or may not know each other (also mutual friend)
* “When we broke up I thought I’d lose a lot of mutuals.”
* “A lot of couples meet through mutual friends.”

3. a person on social media who follows you (= chooses to see what you post), and who you follow (also mutual follower)
* “Let’s be Instagram mutuals!”
* “If you target your message using the @ reply function, your conversations will only be seen by mutual followers.”

Question 53

negotiate

uk |nəˈɡəʊ.ʃi.eɪt| us |nəˈɡoʊ.ʃi.eɪt|

verb

Answer 53

1. to have formal discussions with someone in order to reach an agreement with them [I/T]
* “The government has refused to negotiate with the strikers.”
* “I’m negotiating for a new contract.”
* “I’ve managed to negotiate (= get by discussion) a five percent pay increase with my boss.”

2. to manage to travel along a difficult route [T]
* “The only way to negotiate the muddy hillside is on foot.”

3. to deal with something difficult [T]
* “The company’s had some tricky problems to negotiate in its first year in business.”

4. to get or give an amount of money in exchange for a financial document of the same value [T finance & economics specialized]

Question 54

related

uk |rɪˈleɪ.tɪd| us |rɪˈleɪ.t̬ɪd|

adjective

Answer 54

1. connected
* “We discussed unemployment and related issues.”
* “Experts believe that the large number of cancer cases in the area are directly related to the new nuclear power station.”

2. If people are related, they belong to the same family
* “She claims she is related to royalty.”
* “Jim and I are related by marriage.”

3. If different types of animal are related, they come from the same type of animal
* “The cat and the lion are related species.”

Question 55

relative

uk |ˈrel.ə.tɪv| us |ˈrel.ə.t̬ɪv|

noun

Answer 55

1. a member of your family
* “I don’t have many blood relatives (= people related to me by birth rather than by marriage).”
* “[close/distant relative] All her close/distant relatives came to the wedding.”

Question 56

relative

uk |ˈrel.ə.tɪv| us |ˈrel.ə.t̬ɪv|

adjective

Answer 56

1. being judged or measured in comparison with something else
* “We weighed up the relative advantages of driving there or going by train.”

2. true to a particular degree when compared with other things
* “Since I got a job, I’ve been living in relative comfort (= more comfort than before).”

3. A relative key or scale (= set of notes based on a particular note) has the same key signature (= set of sharps and flats) as another key or scale, usually because one is major and the other is minor, so they share the same notes [music specialized]
* “The andante movement in the relative major is quietly serene.”
* “The penultimate movement is in the relative key of C major.”

Question 57

resemblance

uk |rɪˈzem.bləns| us |rɪˈzem.bləns|

noun

Answer 57

1. the fact that two people or things look like each other or are similar in some other way
* “There was a clear family resemblance between all the brothers.”
* “These prices bear no resemblance to (= are completely different from) the ones I saw printed in the newspaper.”

Question 58

acquaintance

uk |əˈkweɪn.təns| us |əˈkweɪn.təns|

noun

Answer 58

1. a person that you have met but do not know well [C]
* “a business acquaintance”

Question 59

adopt

uk |əˈdɒpt| us |əˈdɑːpt|

verb

Answer 59

1. to legally take another person’s child into your own family and take care of him or her as your own child [T/I]
* “They’ve adopted a baby girl.”
* “She had the child adopted (= she gave her baby to someone else to take care of).”
* “They have no children of their own, but they’re hoping to adopt.”

Question 60

ancestor

uk |ˈæn.ses.tər| us |ˈæn.ses.tɚ|

noun

Answer 60

1. a person related to you who lived a long time ago
* “There were portraits of his ancestors on the walls of the room.”

Question 61

citizen

uk |ˈsɪt.ɪ.zən| us |ˈsɪt̬.ə.zən|

noun

Answer 61

1. a person who is a member of a particular country and who has rights because of being born there or because of being given rights, or a person who lives in a particular town or city
* “The interests of British citizens living abroad are protected by the British Embassy.”
* “[become a citizen] He applied to become an American citizen.”
* “[citizen of] This will affect all citizens of this country.”
* “The citizens of Paris voted to elect a new mayor.”
* “She considers herself a citizen of the world.”
* “Older people are sometimes treated like second-class citizens (= unimportant people).”
* “He reassured people that law-abiding citizens (= people who do not break the law) would have nothing to fear from the enquiries.”

Question 62

companion

uk |kəmˈpæn.jən| us |kəmˈpæn.jən|

noun

Answer 62

1. a person you spend a lot of time with often because you are friends or because you are travelling together
* “The dog has been her constant companion these past ten years.”
* “a travelling companion”

Question 63

dependant

uk |dɪˈpen.dənt| us |dɪˈpen.dənt|

noun

Answer 63

1. someone who depends on you for financial support, such as a child or family member who does not work
* “My pension will provide for my dependants.”

Question 64

descendant

uk |dɪˈsen.dənt| us |dɪˈsen.dənt|

noun

Answer 64

1. a person who is related to you and who lives after you, such as your child or grandchild
* “He has no descendants.”
* “[descendant of] They claim to be descendants of a French duke.”
* “We owe it to our descendants (= people younger than us who will live after we have died) to leave them a clean world to live in.”

Question 65

empathize

uk |ˈem.pə.θaɪz| us |ˈem.pə.θaɪz|

verb

Answer 65

1. to be able to understand how someone else feels
* “[empathize with] It’s very easy to empathize with the characters in her books.”

Question 66

extrovert

uk |ˈek.strə.vɜːt| us |ˈek.strə.vɝːt|

noun

Answer 66

1. an energetic person who enjoys being with other people
* “Most sales people are extroverts.”

Question 67

extrovert

uk |ˈek.strə.vɜːt| us |ˈek.strə.vɝːt|

adjective

Answer 67

1. energetic and enjoying being with other people
* “an extrovert personality”

Question 68

foster

uk |ˈfɒs.tər| us |ˈfɑː.stɚ|

verb

Answer 68

1. to take care of a child, usually for a limited time, without being the child’s legal parent [I/T]
* “[foster a child] Would you consider fostering a child?”

Question 69

foster

uk |ˈfɒs.tər| us |ˈfɑː.stɚ|

adjective

Answer 69

1. used to refer to someone or something connected with the care of children, usually for a limited time, by someone who is not the child’s legal parent
* “foster care/home/child/mother”
* “[foster family] The neglected child was removed from her home and placed with a foster family.”
* “[foster parent] As a child, he had lived with a series of foster parents.”
* “[foster father] I had a really good relationship with my foster father.”
* “[foster mother] The boy’s foster mother refused to be interviewed.”

Question 70

guardian

uk |ˈɡɑː.di.ən| us |ˈɡɑːr.di.ən|

noun

Answer 70

1. a person who has the legal right and responsibility of taking care of someone who cannot take care of himself or herself, such as a child whose parents have died
* “The child’s parents or guardians must give their consent before she has the operation.”

2. someone who protects something [formal]
* “[guardian of] These three official bodies are the guardians of the nation’s countryside.”
* “a self-appointed guardian of public morals”

Question 71

introvert

uk |ˈɪn.trə.vɜːt| us |ˈɪn.trə.vɝːt|

noun

Answer 71

1. someone who is shy, quiet, and prefers to spend time alone rather than often being with other people

Question 72

partner

uk |ˈpɑːt.nər| us |ˈpɑːrt.nɚ|

noun

Answer 72

1. a person or organization you are closely involved with in some way
* “He gave up his job as a police officer after his partner was killed.”
* “The two companies are partners in a contract to build the new factory.”

2. one of the owners of a company
* “He’s a partner in an insurance company/a law firm.”

3. the person you are married to or living with as if married to them, or the person you are having a sexual relationship with
* “I’ve invited David and his partner over for dinner.”

4. one of a pair of dancers or one of a pair who are playing a sport or a game together, especially when the pair are playing as a team

Question 73

partner

uk |ˈpɑːt.nər| us |ˈpɑːrt.nɚ|

verb

Answer 73

1. to act as someone’s partner in a sport, game, dance, or activity, or to choose someone to do this
* “He said that Teddy was the best player he had ever partnered.”
* “Paul partnered with Laura during a dance class and they fell in love.”
* “Each hearing-impaired student is partnered with a hearing helper.”

2. to join with another person or organization in a business activity
* “They partnered with a British venture capital firm and formed Armada Skis.”
* “Three companies partnered to purchase 193,000 acres of land.”

Question 74

peer

uk |pɪər| us |pɪr|

verb

Answer 74

1. to look carefully or with difficulty
* “[peer through] When no one answered the door, she peered through the window to see if anyone was there.”
* “The driver was peering into the distance trying to read the road sign.”

Question 75

peer

uk |pɪər| us |pɪr|

noun

Answer 75

1. a person who is the same age or has the same social position or the same abilities as other people in a group
* “Do you think it’s true that teenage girls are less self-confident than their male peers?”
* “He wasn’t a great scholar, but as a teacher he had few peers (= not as many people had the same ability as him).”

2. in the UK, a person who has a high social position and any of a range of titles, including baron, earl, and duke, or a life peer
* “a hereditary peer”
* “a Conservative peer”

Question 76

predecessor

uk |ˈpriː.dɪˌses.ər| us |ˈpred.ə.ses.ɚ|

noun

Answer 76

1. someone who had a job or a position before someone else, or something that comes before another thing in time or in a series
* “My predecessor worked in this job for twelve years.”
* “The latest Ferrari is not only faster than its predecessors but also more comfortable.”

Question 77

sibling

uk |ˈsɪb.lɪŋ| us |ˈsɪb.lɪŋ|

noun

Answer 77

1. a brother or sister
* “I have four siblings: three brothers and a sister.”
* “There was great sibling rivalry (= competition) between Peter and his brother.”

Question 78

spouse

uk |spaʊs| us |spaʊs|

noun

Answer 78

1. a person’s husband or wife
* “In 60 percent of the households surveyed both spouses went out to work.”

Question 79

stepmother

uk |ˈstepˌmʌð.ər| us |ˈstepˌmʌð.ɚ|

noun

Answer 79

1. the woman who is married to someone’s biological (= related by birth) parent but who is not their biological mother

Question 80

successor

uk |səkˈses.ər| us |səkˈses.ɚ|

noun

Answer 80

1. someone or something that comes after another person or thing
* “The university is seeking a successor to its vice chancellor, who retires this spring.”
* “This range of computers is very fast, but their successors will be even faster.”

Question 81

sympathize

uk |ˈsɪm.pə.θaɪz| us |ˈsɪm.pə.θaɪz|

verb

Answer 81

1. to understand and care about someone’s problems
* “I know what it’s like to have migraines, so I really sympathize (with you).”

2. to support and agree with someone or something
* “I sympathize with the general aims of the organization, but on this particular issue I disagree.”