UNITS 17&18 • PAT

Question 1

black something out

uk |blæk| us |blæk|

verb

Answer 1

1. to cover a face or a name so that it cannot be seen [mainly UK]
* “In the TV interview, they blacked out the victim’s face.”

2. to make a place dark, especially by covering or switching off all the lights
* “The entire city was blacked out overnight.”

Question 2

black out

uk |blæk| us |blæk|

verb

Answer 2

1. to become unconscious suddenly but for a short period

Question 3

come out in something

uk |kʌm| us |kʌm|

verb

Answer 3

1. If you come out in something, such as spots, they appear on your skin [UK]
* “This heat has made me come out in an itchy red rash.”

Question 4

come round

uk |kʌm| us |kʌm|

verb

Answer 4

1. to visit someone in their home
* “Come round tonight and we’ll watch a video.”

2. to change your opinion of something, often influenced by another person’s opinion
* “[come round to] He’ll come round to my point of view, given a bit of time.”
* “Do you still dislike your office, or have you come round to thinking it’s all right?”

3. If an event that happens regularly comes round, it happens at its usual time
* “Christmas comes round so quickly!”

4. to become conscious again after an accident or operation
* “[come round from] She hasn’t come round from the anaesthetic yet.”

Question 5

cotton on

uk |ˈkɒt.ən| us |ˈkɑː.tən|

verb

Answer 5

1. to begin to understand a situation or fact
* “[cotton on to] I’d only just cottoned on to the fact that they were having a relationship.”

Question 6

crease (someone) up

uk |kriːs| us |kriːs|

verb

Answer 6

1. to laugh a lot, or make someone else laugh a lot
* “The look on his face just creased me up.”

Question 7

follow something up

uk |ˈfɒl.əʊ| us |ˈfɑː.loʊ|

verb

Answer 7

1. to find out more about something, or take more action connected with it
* “The idea sounded interesting and I decided to follow it up.”
* “He decided to follow up on his initial research and write a book.”

Question 8

follow-up

uk |ˈfɒl.əʊ.ʌp| us |ˈfɑː.loʊ.ʌp|

noun

Answer 8

1. a further action connected with something that happened before, especially to find out if anything has happened or changed since the previous event
* “[follow-up to] This meeting is a follow-up to the one we had last month.”
* “Here’s a follow-up to a story we covered last week on our programme.”
* “Too many people who are treated for mental health issues are discharged without any follow-up.”
* “Long-term follow-up confirmed that this was a benign condition.”

Question 9

follow-up

uk |ˈfɒl.əʊ.ʌp| us |ˈfɑː.loʊ.ʌp|

adjective

Answer 9

1. A follow-up study, visit, meeting, etc. is connected with a previous one, and usually aims to find out if anything has happened or changed since the previous one
* “A follow-up study is due to be published this summer.”
* “There are follow-up visits to check the child’s progress.”
* “A&E is not designed for routine care or follow-up care.”

Question 10

get down to something

uk |ɡet| us |ɡet|

verb

Answer 10

1. to start to direct your efforts and attention towards something
* “[get down to it] I’ve got a lot of work to do, but I can’t seem to get down to it.”
* “[UK] [+ -ing verb] I must get down to booking the hotels.”

Question 11

get over something/someone

uk |ɡet| us |ɡet|

verb

Answer 11

1. to get better after an illness, or feel better after something or someone has made you unhappy
* “She was only just getting over the flu when she got a stomach bug.”
* “It took him years to get over the shock of his wife dying.”
* “It took her months to get over Michael when he ended the relationship.”

Question 12

go down

uk |ɡəʊ| us |ɡoʊ|

verb

Answer 12

1. to move down to a lower level or place
* “He went down on his knees and begged for forgiveness.”
* “The plane went down (= fell to the ground because of an accident, bomb, etc.) ten minutes after take-off.”
* “Everyone took to the lifeboats when the ship started to go down (= sink).”
* “Could I have a glass of water to help these pills go down (= to help me swallow them)?”

Question 13

lash out (something)

uk |læʃ| us |læʃ|

verb

Answer 13

1. to spend a large amount of money in a way that is unnecessary or that wastes it
* “[lash out (something) on something] He lashed out £5,000 on his daughter’s wedding.”

Question 14

lash out

uk |læʃ| us |læʃ|

verb

Answer 14

1. to suddenly attack someone or something physically or criticize him, her, or it in an angry way
* “[lash out (at)] I was only teasing him and suddenly he lashed out (at me) and hit me in the face.”
* “Why’s Tina in such a bad mood? She really lashed out at me when I was late for work.”

Question 15

pass away

uk |pɑːs| us |pæs|

verb

Answer 15

1. [polite expression for] die
* “She’s terribly upset because her father passed away last week.”

Question 16

play something up

uk |pleɪ| us |pleɪ|

verb

Answer 16

1. to emphasize a particular quality or part of something, or make it seem more important than it really is, usually for your own advantage
* “The official report plays up the likely benefits of the plan, but glosses over the costs.”

Question 17

play (someone) up

uk |pleɪ| us |pleɪ|

verb

Answer 17

1. to cause someone pain
* “His knee’s been playing him up again.”
* “My stomach was playing up so I had to go home.”

Question 18

play up

uk |pleɪ| us |pleɪ|

verb

Answer 18

1. When children play up, they behave badly [UK]
* “The boys have been playing up at school again.”

2. If a machine plays up, it does not work as it should [UK]
* “The starter motor was playing up again.”

Question 19

pull through (something)

uk |pʊl| us |pʊl|

verb

Answer 19

1. to become well again after a serious illness, especially when you might have died
* “They said the operation had been successful and they expected his wife to pull through.”

Question 20

pull (someone) through (something)

uk |pʊl| us |pʊl|

verb

Answer 20

1. to succeed in dealing with a difficult period, or to help someone do this
* “He’d never have managed on his own, but his colleagues have pulled him through.”
* “It was a crisis year for the company, but we have pulled through.”

Question 21

shrivel

uk |ˈʃrɪv.əl| us |ˈʃrɪv.əl|

verb

Answer 21

1. to become dry, smaller, and covered with lines as if by crushing or folding, or to make something do this [I/T]
* “The lack of rain has shrivelled the crops.”
* “You ought to pick that lettuce before it shrivels (up) and dies.”

2. to become much smaller than is needed or wanted [I]
* “Profits are shrivelling as the recession gets worse.”

Question 22

ward someone/something off

uk |wɔːd| us |wɔːrd|

verb

Answer 22

1. to prevent someone or something unpleasant from harming or coming close to you
* “In the winter I take vitamin C to ward off colds.”
* “She was given a magic charm to ward off evil spirits.”

Question 23

dress/look/act the part

‎

idiom

Answer 23

1. to look suitable or behave in a suitable way for a particular situation
* “If you’re going to be a high-powered businesswoman, you’ve got to look the part.”

Question 24

put on an act

‎

idiom

Answer 24

1. to behave or speak in a false or artificial way
* “He’s just putting on an act for the boss’s benefit.”

Question 25

**get your act together** | ‎ ## Footnote idiom

Answer 25

**1. to start to organize yourself so that you do things in an effective way** * *"She's so disorganized - I wish she'd get her act together."*

Question 26

**be on your best behaviour** | ‎ ## Footnote idiom

Answer 26

**1. to behave extremely well and be very polite on a particular occasion** * *"I'd just met his parents for the first time so I was on my best behaviour."*

Question 27

**misbehaviour** | uk |ˌmɪs.bɪˈheɪ.vjər| us |ˌmɪs.bɪˈheɪ.vjɚ| ## Footnote noun

Answer 27

**1. bad behaviour, or behaviour that breaks a rule** * *"The school expelled him for persistent misbehaviour."* * *"I have been concerned for some time at his general misbehaviour in the classroom."*

Question 28

**of little/no consequence** | ‎ ## Footnote phrase

Answer 28

**1. not important** * *"The money was of little consequence to Tony."* * *"In the grand scheme of things, these problems are of little consequence."* * *"She made it clear that our opinions were of little consequence to her."* * *"For healthy people, a little too much salt or sugar is of no consequence."* * *"At the time, the information had seemed of no consequence, but now she wished she had listened more carefully."* * *"He wanted to audition for the play, but since they had already cast all the parts, his performance wasn't of much consequence."*

Question 29

**as a consequence of something/doing something** | ‎ ## Footnote collocation

Answer 29

**1. as a result of a particular action or situation, often one that is bad or not convenient** * *"As a consequence of the delay, we stand to lose at least two days' worth of income."* * *"Wild bird numbers have fallen as a consequence of modern farming practices."* * *"Their business struggled as a consequence of being too dependent on one customer."*

Question 30

**cry off** | uk |kraɪ| us |kraɪ| ## Footnote verb

Answer 30

**1. to decide not to do something that you have arranged to do** * *"She usually says she'll be there and then cries off at the last minute."*

Question 31

**cry yourself to sleep** | ‎ ## Footnote phrase

Answer 31

**1. to cry for a long time until you start to sleep** * *"Although I survived, there were many nights when I cried myself to sleep."* * *"At boarding school, he felt so lonely that he cried himself to sleep every night."* * *"These scandals have caused his wife to cry herself to sleep on more than one occasion."* * *"We just need to let the baby cry himself to sleep, I think."* * *"That poor girl cries herself to sleep most nights."*

Question 32

**cry your eyes out** | ‎ ## Footnote idiom

Answer 32

**1. to cry a lot** * *"I was so upset that day, I cried my eyes out."*

Question 33

**be a far cry from something** | ‎ ## Footnote idiom

Answer 33

**1. to be completely different from something** * *"This flat is a far cry from the house they had before."*

Question 34

**drop dead!** | ‎ ## Footnote idiom

Answer 34

**1. a rude way of telling someone that you are annoyed with them and want them to go away or be quiet** * *"Oh, just drop dead!"*

Question 35

**drop dead** | ‎ ## Footnote phrase

Answer 35

**1. to die suddenly and unexpectedly** * *"He dropped dead on the squash court at the age of 43."* * *"He suddenly dropped dead of a heart attack in his early fifties."* * *"The way I think about it, if I drop dead tomorrow, I'll have had a long and happy life."* * *"Then one day, this seemingly healthy woman in her forties just dropped dead."* * *"The next day, she dropped dead without warning."*

Question 36

**drop-dead** | uk |ˈdrɒp.ded| us |ˈdrɑːp.ded| ## Footnote adjective

Answer 36

**1. used to emphasize that someone or something is extremely attractive and impressive** * *"He's drop-dead gorgeous!"* * *"Some go to Greece for the antiquities, others for the drop-dead beauty of the islands."* * *"She is wearing a drop-dead black evening dress."*

Question 37

**dead set against (doing) something** | ‎ ## Footnote phrase

Answer 37

**1. to be completely opposed to something** * *"He's dead set against living in the city."* * *"[UK] UK You won't be able to change his mind - he's dead against the plan."* * *"I'd like Millie to go back to college but she's dead set against the idea."* * *"They are dead set against any form of legislation."* * *"[UK] UK Sam is dead against anything that requires further investment."* * *"I'd expressed an interest in finding my birth parents but my adoptive mother was dead set against it."*

Question 38

**in the dead of night/winter** | ‎ ## Footnote idiom

Answer 38

**1. in the middle of night/winter** * *"The fire broke out in the dead of night."*

Question 39

**for effect** | ‎ ## Footnote phrase

Answer 39

**1. If you say or do something for effect, you intentionally do it to shock people or attract their attention** * *"I get the impression that she uses bad language in meetings for effect."* * *"He carried a brass-handled walking stick, partly as a walking aid and partly for effect."* * *"His music is very simple - nothing in it is for effect."* * *"She paused for effect, then made her announcement."* * *"At points in the reading, he lowered his voice for effect."*

Question 40

**in effect** | ‎ ## Footnote phrase

Answer 40

**1. in fact, or in practice** * *"So in effect the government have lowered taxes for the rich and raised them for the poor."* * *"There was fluid in his lungs, in effect reducing their capacity."* * *"As his private secretary she is, in effect, second in command."* * *"The report said, in effect, that if there was no change, the company would go under."* * *"These measures would, in effect, nationalize the industry."*

Question 41

**feel like (doing) something** | ‎ ## Footnote idiom

Answer 41

**1. [infml] to want to have or do something** * *"I feel like going to get ice cream – want to come?"*

Question 42

**feel your way** | ‎ ## Footnote idiom

Answer 42

**1. to judge where you are going by touching with your hands instead of looking** * *"The room was so dark, I had to feel my way along the wall to the door."* **2. to act slowly and carefully because you are not certain how to do something** * *"It's my first month in the job so I'm still feeling my way."*

Question 43

**ill health** | uk |ˌɪl ˈhelθ| us |ˌɪl ˈhelθ| ## Footnote noun

Answer 43

**1. illness or a health condition that affects you for a long time** * *"He retired at 58 because of ill health."*

Question 44

**health and safety** | uk |ˌhelθ ən ˈseɪf.ti| us |ˌhelθ ən ˈseɪf.ti| ## Footnote noun

Answer 44

**1. the laws, rules, and principles that are intended to keep people safe from injury or disease at work and in public places** * *"Tonight's performance has had to be cancelled for health and safety reasons."*

Question 45

**kind of** | ‎ ## Footnote idiom

Answer 45

**1. used when you are trying to explain or describe something, but you cannot be exact** * *"It was kind of strange to see him again."*

Question 46

**of a kind** | ‎ ## Footnote idiom

Answer 46

**1. used to describe something that exists but is not very good** * *"The school had a swimming pool of a kind, but it was too small for most classes to use."*

Question 47

**have the last laugh** | ‎ ## Footnote idiom

Answer 47

**1. to finally get an advantage from an argument or disagreement, when it seemed that you would not**

Question 48

**a laugh a minute** | ‎ ## Footnote idiom

Answer 48

**1. something or someone that is very funny; often used in an ironic way (= saying the opposite of what you mean) or in negative sentences to say that something is not at all funny** * *"Don't go to see the film expecting a laugh a minute, as it is much too serious for that."* * *"Well, I can see you're a laugh a minute!"* * *"Her autobiography features murder, alcoholism, and drug abuse — gripping, but it hardly sounds like a laugh a minute."* * *"My job as a social worker is not exactly a laugh a minute, but it has its comical moments."*

Question 49

**bring something to life** | ‎ ## Footnote phrase

Answer 49

**1. to make something more real or exciting** * *"It's always been an interesting period in history and this film really brought it to life."* * *"The novel brings to life a complex man who was not always understood in his lifetime."* * *"Geology can sometimes seem dry, but she does a great job of bringing the field to life."* * *"The director has brought to life a wonderfully diverse cast of characters."* * *"These details bring to life important historical changes in education."*

Question 50

**something come to life** | ‎ ## Footnote idiom

Answer 50

**1. (of something imaginary) having become real; having started to exist in the real world** * *"In the story, the children become stuck in a board game come to life."* * *"It's like a James Bond movie come to life."* * *"These animals look like a child's drawing come to life."*

Question 51

**come to life** | ‎ ## Footnote phrase

Answer 51

**1. to start to be alive or to grow, or start to function** * *"Just install batteries, and watch the robot come to life."* * *"Things are starting to come to life in the garden again."* * *"Today, the town shows signs of coming back to life after the difficult years of war."* * *"The game really came to life in the second half."* * *"The characters really come to life in this thrilling performance."* * *"Her writing makes those wartime escapades come to life."* * *"When you watch these old movies, history comes to life."*

Question 52

**not on your life!** | ‎ ## Footnote idiom

Answer 52

**1. said as a way of strongly refusing someone's suggestion or request** * *""So you're going to bring Kev, are you?" "Not on your life!""*

Question 53

**take your (own) life** | ‎ ## Footnote idiom

Answer 53

**1. to kill yourself**

Question 54

**this is the life!** | ‎ ## Footnote idiom

Answer 54

**1. said to mean that you are very much enjoying the situation you are in**

Question 55

**live and let live** | ‎ ## Footnote idiom

Answer 55

**1. said to mean that people should accept the way other people live and behave, especially if they do things in a different way**

Question 56

**you live and learn** | ‎ ## Footnote idiom

Answer 56

**1. said when you hear or discover something that is surprising** * *"I had no idea they were related. Oh well, you live and learn."*

Question 57

**live beyond your means** | ‎ ## Footnote phrase

Answer 57

**1. to spend more money than you receive as income** * *"Over 40% of Americans admitted they were living beyond their means."* * *"He was using credit cards to live way beyond his means."* * *"If that's her only income, she appears to be living beyond her means."* * *"I try not to live beyond my means, but it's not always easy."* * *"If you can't afford to pay off your credit card bill at the end of the month, you're living beyond your means."*

Question 58

**live a lie** | ‎ ## Footnote idiom

Answer 58

**1. to live in a way that is dishonest because you are pretending to be something that you are not, to yourself or to other people** * *"She doesn't know you're married? You have to stop living a lie and tell her."*

Question 59

**live to tell the tale** | ‎ ## Footnote idiom

Answer 59

**1. to successfully deal with or continue to live despite a difficult situation or experience** * *"We had a horrific journey, but we lived to tell the tale."*

Question 60

**polite** | uk |pəˈlaɪt| us |pəˈlaɪt| ## Footnote adjective

Answer 60

**1. behaving in a way that is socially correct and shows understanding of and care for other people's feelings** * *"I'm afraid I wasn't very polite to her."* * *"She sent me a polite letter thanking me for my invitation."* * *"He was too polite to point out my mistake."* **2. socially correct rather than friendly** * *"polite conversation"*

Question 61

**react** | uk |riˈækt| us |riˈækt| ## Footnote verb

Answer 61

**1. to act in a particular way as a direct result of something else** * *"She slapped him and called him names, but he didn't react."* * *"The judge reacted angrily to the suggestion that it hadn't been a fair trial."* * *"Many people react (badly) to (= are made ill by) penicillin."* **2. to change in a physical or chemical way when put with another substance [chemistry]** * *"Potassium reacts with water."*

Question 62

**reaction** | uk |riˈæk.ʃən| us |riˈæk.ʃən| ## Footnote noun

Answer 62

**1. behaviour, a feeling or an action that is a direct result of something else [C]** * *"I love to watch people's reactions when I say who I am."* * *"There has been an immediate/widespread/hostile reaction against the government's proposed tax increases."* * *"Reactions to the proposal so far have been adverse/favourable/mixed."*

Question 63

**response** | uk |rɪˈspɒns| us |rɪˈspɑːns| ## Footnote noun

Answer 63

**1. an answer or reaction [C/U]** * *"Responses to our advertisement have been disappointing."* * *"Her proposals met with an enthusiastic response."* * *"I looked in her face for some response, but she just stared at me blankly."* * *"Management have granted a ten percent pay rise in response to union pressure."* **2. any of the parts sung or said, in some religious ceremonies, by the people in answer to the parts said or sung by the priest [C]**

Question 64

**call someone in** | uk |kɔːl| us |kɑːl| ## Footnote verb

Answer 64

**1. to ask someone to come to help in a difficult situation** * *"A new team of detectives were called in to conduct a fresh inquiry."*

Question 65

**call something in** | uk |kɔːl| us |kɑːl| ## Footnote verb

Answer 65

**1. If a bank calls in money, it demands that you pay back the money it has lent to you** * *"He needs to make the business work before the bank calls in the loan."*

Question 66

**call-in** | uk |ˈkɔːl.ɪn| us |ˈkɑːl.ɪn| ## Footnote noun

Answer 66

**1. a television or radio programme in which members of the public call to express their opinions or ask questions**

Question 67

**sick as a parrot** | ‎ ## Footnote idiom

Answer 67

**1. very disappointed** * *"He was sick as a parrot when his team lost the match."*

Question 68

**sick (and tired) of someone/something** | ‎ ## Footnote idiom

Answer 68

**1. to have experienced too much of someone or something with the result that you are annoyed** * *"I’m sick of him whining about money."*

Question 69

**sick at heart** | ‎ ## Footnote idiom

Answer 69

**1. very unhappy** * *"David was sick at heart about having to leave his family behind."*

Question 70

**treat someone with kid gloves** | ‎ ## Footnote idiom

Answer 70

**1. to deal with someone very gently or carefully** * *"These athletes grow up being treated with kid gloves, and then they don't know how the real world works."*

Question 71

**treat** | uk |triːt| us |triːt| ## Footnote verb

Answer 71

**1. to behave towards someone or deal with something in a particular way [T usually + adv/prep]** * *"My parents treated us all the same when we were kids."* * *"He treated his wife very badly."* * *"[treat someone/something as if] It's wrong to treat animals as if they had no feelings."* * *"[treat something with something] I treat remarks like that with the contempt that they deserve."* **2. to use drugs, exercises, etc. to cure a person of a disease or heal an injury [T]** * *"[be treated for] He is being treated for a rare skin disease."* * *"[treat a symptom] Western medicine tends to treat the symptoms and not the cause."* **3. to buy or pay for something for another person [T]** * *"[treat someone (to something)] Put your money away - I'm going to treat you (to this)."* * *"[treat yourself to something] I'm going to treat myself to (= buy for myself) a new pair of sandals."* **4. to put a special substance on material such as wood, cloth, metal, etc. or put it through a special process, in order to protect it from damage or decay [T]** * *"[be treated with] The material has been treated with resin to make it waterproof."*

Question 72

**fly off the handle** | ‎ ## Footnote idiom

Answer 72

**1. to react in a very angry way to something that someone says or does** * *"He's extremely irritable - he flies off the handle at the slightest thing."*

Question 73

**give someone a dose/taste of their own medicine** | ‎ ## Footnote idiom

Answer 73

**1. to treat someone as badly as they have treated you**

Question 74

**give something a miss** | ‎ ## Footnote phrase

Answer 74

**1. to avoid or not do something** * *"We usually go to France in the summer, but we've decided to give it a miss this year."* * *"The restaurant's very good for fish, but I'd give their vegetarian options a miss."* * *"I don't really fancy going out tonight - I might give it a miss if you don't mind."* * *"They're meeting in town this evening but I think I'll give it a miss."* * *""Are you coming to the cinema this afternoon?" "I've got too much work - I think I'm going to have to give it a miss.""*

Question 75

**grin and bear it** | ‎ ## Footnote idiom

Answer 75

**1. to accept something bad without complaining** * *"I really don't want to go, but I guess I'll just have to grin and bear it."*

Question 76

**keep a straight face** | ‎ ## Footnote idiom

Answer 76

**1. to manage to stop yourself from smiling or laughing** * *"She tried to keep a straight face but, unable to contain herself, burst into laughter."*

Question 77

**keep your hair on** | ‎ ## Footnote idiom

Answer 77

**1. said to tell someone to stop being so angry or upset** * *"Keep your hair on! Your car isn't badly damaged!"*

Question 78

**let off steam** | ‎ ## Footnote idiom

Answer 78

**1. to do or say something that helps you to get rid of strong feelings or energy** * *"She jogs after work to let off steam."*

Question 79

**let sleeping dogs lie** | ‎ ## Footnote idiom

Answer 79

**1. said to warn someone that they should not talk about a bad situation that most people have forgotten about**

Question 80

**never look a gift horse in the mouth** | ‎ ## Footnote idiom

Answer 80

**1. said to advise someone not to refuse something good that is being offered**

Question 81

**up in arms** | ‎ ## Footnote idiom

Answer 81

**1. angry or upset** * *"The union is up in arms over the reduction in health benefits."*