Unit1 Section 1: Cells and Organelles Flashcards
two main types of organism
Prokaryotes & Eukaryotes
Define Organelles
Parts of Cells Each with a specific Function
Features of an ANIMAL cell under a LIGHT microscope
Cell Surface Membrane Cytoplasm Nucleus Mitochondria Centriole Cytoplasmic Granules
Features of a PLANT cell under a LIGHT microscope
Cell Wall Cell surface membrane Cytoplasm Nucleus Vacuole Tonoplast Mitochondria Starch grains
Features of an ANIMAL cell under an ELECTRON microscope
Cell Surface membrane Rough endoplasmic Reticulum (RER) Nucleolus Nucleus Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER) lysosome Ribosome Nuclear envelope with pores Golgi apparatus Cytoplasm Mitochondria
Features of a PLANT cell under an ELECTRON microscope
Cell Surface membrane Chloroplast Rough endoplasmic Reticulum (RER) Plasmodesmata Nucleolus Nucleus Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER) Ribosome Nuclear envelope with pores Golgi apparatus Cytoplasm Mitochondria Vacuole Cell Wall
function of Cell Surface Membrane
a thin protein and phospholipid bilayer that controls the movement of materials in and out of the cell, which also has receptor molecules to allow it to respond to chemicals.
function of a cell wall
a tough yet elastic wall of cellulose that surrounds and supports the cell wall
function of the nucleus
Made up of Nucleoplasm, nucleolus and Chromatin. Chromatin is made from proteins and DNA which controls the cell’s activities, the pores allow substances such as RNA to move between the nucleus and cytoplasm. the nucleolus makes ribosomes.
Function of a lysosome
a round organelle surrounded by a membrane, with no clear internal structure that contains digestive enzymes that are kept separate from the cytoplasm by the membrane. these enzymes enable the lysosome to digest invading cells or break down worn out components of the cell.
function of a Ribosome
Small organelle that either floats free in the cytoplasm or is attatched to the RER, where proteins are made during protein synthesis.
Function of (RER) Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
A system of membranes enclosing a fluid filled space, the membrane surface is covered with ribosomes, folds and processes proteins made by the ribosomes packaging them into vesicles.
Function of (SER) Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
A system of membranes enclosing a fluid filled space, synthesises and processes lipids
Function of a Vesicle
A small fluid filled sac in the cytoplasm surrounded by a membrane, transports substances in and out of the cell, via the cell surface membrane, and between organelles
Function of Golgi Apparatus
A group of flat fluid filled sacs, sometimes seen with vesicles at the edge. Proccesses and Packages new lipids and proteins, also makes lysosomes
Functinon of Mitochondri(a/on)
Usually oval-shaped, with a double membrane the inner of which is folded to form cristae. inside is the matrix which contains enzymes used in respiration. Produces ATP via Aerobic respiration
Function of Chloroplast
Small Flattened structure in plant cells, has a double membrane but also inside has thylakoid membranes stacked to form grana, these are linked by thin pieces of thylakoid membrane called lamellae(lamella), this is surrounded by a thick fluid called stroma. This is the site of photosynthesis.
Function of Centriole
Small hollow cylinders containing microtubules. involved in splitting chromosomes during cell division.
9 sets pf three microtubules with one in the center
Function of Cilia
Small hair-like structures found on the surface membrane of some animal cells. Cross section appears as an outer membrane and nine pairs of microtubules in a ring with one pair in the center. microtubules allow the cilia to move which is used to move substances along the cell surface e.g. In the trachea to sweep dust and dirt out of the lungs
Function of Flagell(a/um)
Long hair-like Structures that stick out from the cell surface and are surrounded by the plasma membrane. Cross section appears as an outer membrane and nine pairs of microtubules in a ring with one pair in the center. Microtubules contract to make Flagellum move, this is used to propel cells forward e.g. the tail of a sperm cell, this requires energy
