Unit1 Section 1: Cells and Organelles

Question 1

two main types of organism

Answer 1

Prokaryotes & Eukaryotes

Question 2

Define Organelles

Answer 2

Parts of Cells Each with a specific Function

Question 3

Features of an ANIMAL cell under a LIGHT microscope

Answer 3

Cell Surface Membrane
Cytoplasm
Nucleus
Mitochondria
Centriole
Cytoplasmic Granules

Question 4

Features of a PLANT cell under a LIGHT microscope

Answer 4

Cell Wall
Cell surface membrane
Cytoplasm
Nucleus
Vacuole
Tonoplast
Mitochondria
Starch grains

Question 5

Features of an ANIMAL cell under an ELECTRON microscope

Answer 5

Cell Surface membrane
Rough endoplasmic Reticulum (RER)
Nucleolus
Nucleus
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER)
lysosome
Ribosome
Nuclear envelope with pores
Golgi apparatus
Cytoplasm
Mitochondria

Question 6

Features of a PLANT cell under an ELECTRON microscope

Answer 6

Cell Surface membrane
Chloroplast
Rough endoplasmic Reticulum (RER)
Plasmodesmata
Nucleolus
Nucleus
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER)
Ribosome
Nuclear envelope with pores
Golgi apparatus
Cytoplasm
Mitochondria
Vacuole
Cell Wall

Question 7

function of Cell Surface Membrane

Answer 7

a thin protein and phospholipid bilayer that controls the movement of materials in and out of the cell, which also has receptor molecules to allow it to respond to chemicals.

Question 8

function of a cell wall

Answer 8

a tough yet elastic wall of cellulose that surrounds and supports the cell wall

Question 9

function of the nucleus

Answer 9

Made up of Nucleoplasm, nucleolus and Chromatin. Chromatin is made from proteins and DNA which controls the cell’s activities, the pores allow substances such as RNA to move between the nucleus and cytoplasm. the nucleolus makes ribosomes.

Question 10

Function of a lysosome

Answer 10

a round organelle surrounded by a membrane, with no clear internal structure that contains digestive enzymes that are kept separate from the cytoplasm by the membrane. these enzymes enable the lysosome to digest invading cells or break down worn out components of the cell.

Question 11

function of a Ribosome

Answer 11

Small organelle that either floats free in the cytoplasm or is attatched to the RER, where proteins are made during protein synthesis.

Question 12

Function of (RER) Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer 12

A system of membranes enclosing a fluid filled space, the membrane surface is covered with ribosomes, folds and processes proteins made by the ribosomes packaging them into vesicles.

Question 13

Function of (SER) Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer 13

A system of membranes enclosing a fluid filled space, synthesises and processes lipids

Question 14

Function of a Vesicle

Answer 14

A small fluid filled sac in the cytoplasm surrounded by a membrane, transports substances in and out of the cell, via the cell surface membrane, and between organelles

Question 15

Function of Golgi Apparatus

Answer 15

A group of flat fluid filled sacs, sometimes seen with vesicles at the edge. Proccesses and Packages new lipids and proteins, also makes lysosomes

Question 16

Functinon of Mitochondri(a/on)

Answer 16

Usually oval-shaped, with a double membrane the inner of which is folded to form cristae. inside is the matrix which contains enzymes used in respiration. Produces ATP via Aerobic respiration

Question 17

Function of Chloroplast

Answer 17

Small Flattened structure in plant cells, has a double membrane but also inside has thylakoid membranes stacked to form grana, these are linked by thin pieces of thylakoid membrane called lamellae(lamella), this is surrounded by a thick fluid called stroma. This is the site of photosynthesis.

Question 18

Function of Centriole

Answer 18

Small hollow cylinders containing microtubules. involved in splitting chromosomes during cell division.
9 sets pf three microtubules with one in the center

Question 19

Function of Cilia

Answer 19

Small hair-like structures found on the surface membrane of some animal cells. Cross section appears as an outer membrane and nine pairs of microtubules in a ring with one pair in the center. microtubules allow the cilia to move which is used to move substances along the cell surface e.g. In the trachea to sweep dust and dirt out of the lungs

Question 20

Function of Flagell(a/um)

Answer 20

Long hair-like Structures that stick out from the cell surface and are surrounded by the plasma membrane. Cross section appears as an outer membrane and nine pairs of microtubules in a ring with one pair in the center. Microtubules contract to make Flagellum move, this is used to propel cells forward e.g. the tail of a sperm cell, this requires energy