UNIT VII DIGESTIVE SYSTEM (2nd) Flashcards
1
Q
Conversion of food into nutrients.
A
Digestive Sytstem
2
Q
6 Funtions of Digestive System
A
- Ingestion
- Propulsion
- Food Breakdown: Mechanical Digestion
- Food Breakdown: Chemical Digestion
- Absorption
- Defecation
3
Q
Active Voluntary Action
A
Ingestion
4
Q
Movement of one another
Contraction and Relaxation
A
Propulsion
Peristalsis
5
Q
Fragments food into smaller part
A
Mechanical Digestion
6
Q
Breaking down of food chemically
catalyts of change
A
Chemical Digestion
Enzymes
7
Q
Muscle Cell
1. With ATP change
2. no ATP
A
Absorption
1. Active
2. Passive
8
Q
Elimination of indigestive food
1. Plants
2. Animals
A
Defecation
1. Cellulose
2. Chitin
9
Q
3 Major Parts of Digestive System
A
- Digestive tube
- Digestive Glands
- Accessory Parts
10
Q
Starting from the mounth and ending in the anus.
A
Digestive Tube
11
Q
Responsible for secretion of digestive juices containing enymes for digestion of food.
A
Digestive Glands
12
Q
Aid in the physical digestion of food
A
Accessory Parts
13
Q
First part of digestive system and Contains Stratified squamous epithelium
A
Oral Cavity (salivary amylase)
14
Q
produce saliva which contains enzymes to breakdown carbohydrates into glucose
A
Salivary glands
15
Q
Is the beginning of the digestive tract
A
Mount
16
Q
Breaks the food into pieces that are more easily digested
A
Chewing
17
Q
Salivary enzyme that breaks down carbohydrates
A
Amylase
18
Q
Salivary enzyme that are active against bacteria
A
Lysozyme
19
Q
house taste buds and mucus
A
Tongue
20
Q
It helps to breakdown the food
A
Teeth
21
Q
How many teeth in a normal adult?
A
32 teeth
22
Q
5 types of teeth
A
- incisors
- canine
- premolars
- molars
- wisdom
23
Q
How many a primary or baby teeth
A
20
24
Q
Each tooth has?
A
- crown
- cusp
- neck
- root
25
**A center of tooth is a?**
Pulp cavity
26
**hard covering protects against abrasions**
Enamel
27
**are breakdown of enamel by acids from bacteria**
Cavities
28
**Connects the mouth to the esophagus and it is the present to your throat**
| **Food tube**
Pharynx
29
**posterior to the oral cavity**
Oropharynx
30
**is continuous with the esophagus below; both of which are common passageways for food, fluids, and air**
Laryngopharynx
31
**Anatomy of Pharynx**
1. Nasopharynx
2. Oropharynx
3. Laryngopharynx
32
**Collapsible muscular tube extending from the pharynx through an opening in the diaphragm (hiatus) to the stomach**
| **How long and diameter?**
## Footnote
**Secretes musucs and facilitate passage of food**
Esophagus
| 25 cm long and 0.13 cm in diameter
33
**4 Phase of Swallowing**
1. Voluntary phase
2. Pharyngeal phase
3. Esophageal phase
4. Peristalsis
34
**formed in mouth and push into orophrynx**
| **mass of food**
Voluntary phase
| Bolus
35
**formed in mouth and push into orophrynx**
| **mass of food**
Voluntary phase
| Bolus
36
**swallowing reglex initiated when bolus stimulates receptors in orophrynx**
Pharyngeal phase
37
**moves food from pharynx to stomach**
Esophageal phase
38
**wave-like contractions moves food through digestive tract**
Peristalsis
39
**also is at work in thjis organ, moving food through and mixing it with digestive secretions from the pancreas and liver**
Peristalsis
40
**Layers of Digestive System**
1. Mucosa
2. Submucosa
3. Muscularis
4. Serosa/adventitia
41
**is one large tube from mouth to anus plus the accessory organs**
Digestive system
42
*** innermost layer
* secretes mucus**
Mucosa
43
*** above mucosa
* contains blood vessels, nerves, small glands**
Submucosa
44
*** above submucosa
* longitudinal, circular, and oblique muscles**
Muscularis
45
**outermost layer**
| **peritoneum is present called**
## Footnote
**no peritoneum then called**
Serosa/adventitia
| serosa
## Footnote
adventitia
46
**a hollow organ, or "container", that holds food while it is being mixed with enzymes that continue the process of breaking down food into a usable form**
| **what acid is in the said anwer **
Stomach
| hydrochloric acid
47
**Stomach is a highly muscular pouch found in the?**
Epigastric and left hypochondriac portions of the abdominal cavity
48
**Stomach is divided into 3 parts**
1. fundus
2. body
3. pylorus
49
# **Division of Stomach**
**upper portion towards the left**
fundus
50
# **Division of Stomach**
**central portion**
body
51
# **Division of Stomach**
antrum
pylorus
52
**with a lesser curvature and greater curvature**
1. upper right border
2. lower left border
53
**final digestion of food and absorption of digested food**
Small intestine
54
**how long is a small intestine**
22-foot long muscular tube
55
**3 parts of small intestine**
1. duodenum
2. jejunum
3. ileum
56
# **Parts of Small intestine**
**largely responsible for the continuous breaking-down process**
duodenum
57
# **Parts of Small intestine**
**mainly responsible for absorption of nutrients into the bloodstream**
jejunum and ileum
58
# **Parts of Small intestine**
**ducts for the liver, gall bladder, and pancreas**
duodenum
59
# **Parts of Small intestine**
**deep red, extensive blood supply, peristaltic movements are rapid vigorous**
jejunum
60
# **Parts of Small intestine**
**blood supply is limited, peristaltic movements are slower**
ileum
61
**secretes
digestive enzymes
into the duodenum**
Pancreas
62
**process the nutrients absorbed from the small
intestine.**
Liver
63
**secreted into the
small intestine also plays an important role in
digesting fat.**
| **dilutes and neutralizes stomach acid and
breaks down fats**
Bile
64
**is a 6-foot long muscular tube that connects the
small intestine to the rectum.**
Large intestines
65
**Large intestine is divided into three parts:**
1. caecum/cecum
2. colon
3. rectum
66
# **Division of large intestine**
**(first
5- 7.6 cm)**
caecum/cecum
67
# **Division of large intestine**
**(ascending, transverse,
descending, and sigmoid)**
colon
68
# **Division of large intestine**
**(17.7 or
20.3 cm)**
rectum
69
**absorption and temporary
storage of fecal matter**
for water and Na+ ion
70
# **Division of large intestine**
**absorbs fluids and salt**
cecum
71
# **Division of large intestine**
**lubricate waste products**
Colon
72
# **Division of large intestine**
**terminal segment of the digestive system**
| **(Latin for "straight")**
## Footnote
**receive stool from the colon (8-inch chamber)**
Rectum
73
**Terminal opening on the digestive tube
for defecation.**
Anus
74
**The anus is surrounded by______ that are important in allowing
control of stool.**
Sphincter muscles
75
**Different types of digestive glands**
1. Salivary glands
2. Gastic glands
3. Goblet cells
4. Liver
5. Pancreas
76
**Microscopic glands found in the gastric
mucosa.**
| **Secrete gastric juice provided with
enzymes.**
Gastric glands
77
**Microscopic unicellular glands found in the
intestinal mucosa.**
| **Secrete intestinal juice or succus entericus
with enzymes.**
Goblet cells
78
# **Decontaminates various substances.**
**Largest gland divided into lobes.**
| **Carbohydrate, Fat, Protein, Vitamin
Metabolism.**
## Footnote
**Bile secretion**
Liver
79
**Large lobulated gland which is both an
endocrine and exocrine gland.**
| **Secrete pancreatic juice and enzymes**
## Footnote
**connected with pancreatic
ducts.**
Pancreas
## Footnote
Pancreatic cells
80
# **Digestion**
**Physical and chemical conversion of food to
simple absorbable forms.**
Simple sugar from carbohydrates
Amino acids from proteins.
Fatty acids and glycerol from lipids
Nucleotides from nucleic acid
