unit III exam Flashcards
gunpowder empires
Southwest, South, and Central Asia
Gutenberg printing press
Led to an increase in literacy
Monarchs
Wanted to control tax, centralization
Rose the power of the middle class
Tudors England
Valois France
Queen Isabella & King Ferdinand in Spain
Ivan IV (Russia)
Took over Kazan, Astrakhan, Siberia
Control fur trade
Cossacks
Fight for Siberian Khan
Volga River
Moscow can now trade directly with Persia & the Ottoman Empire
Emperor Kangxi
Period of stability & expansion
Emperor Qianlong
Military campaigns
Denied British goods
Annexation of Xinjiang
Led to mass killings of the population
White Lotus Rebellion
Suppressed by the Qing government
Killed peasants
Ming Dynasty
Overthrew Yuan Dynasty
Conquered Mongolian land
Mongols defeated Ming, took their emperor as prisoner
Ming restored Great Wall
Similarities between the Ottoman, Safavid, and Mughal empires
Descent from Turkic nomads
Turkic language
Power vacuums
Gunpowder weapons (artillery, cannons)
Tamerlane
Invasion of Central Asia and Middle East
Moved out from Samarkand to Persia & India
Massacre of Hindus
Protected Silk Roads w/ gunpowder military
Ghazi Ideal
Values of nomadic culture + idea of a holy fighter for Islam
Mehmed II (Ottoman Empire)
Cannons
Attacked areas of Italy
Forced Venice to pay him a yearly tax
Istanbul
The center of Islam
Suleiman (Ottoman Empire)
Caused great fear in Vienna
Foreign invasion became an issue
Safavid Issues
No real navy
No natural defense
Safavid Strengths
Military & leadership
Shah Abbas (Safavid Empire)
Imported weapons from Europe
Had them advise his troops
Denied legitimacy to any Sunni
Safavid women had a little bit of freedom
Mughal India
Trade overseas flourished
Most of the commerce was from Arab traders
Silver and gold
Ottomans decline
Weak sultans
Strong neighbors
“Sick man”
Safavids decline
Strong rebellion by Sunni
Ottomans and Russians took territory
Mughals decline
Failed to keep up with military innovations
Aurangzeb drained the empire’s treasury
British took their power away
King James said
Any challenge to him was a challenge to God
Divine Right Of Kings
The right to rule is given by God
A king is a political and religious authority
Tudor’s Justice of peace
Officials are selected to maintain peace and carry the monarchs laws
Rich & poor are equal
English Bill Of Rights
Individual civil liberties
Protection against tyranny
A legal process is required before arresting & detaining someone
Tax Farmers
Royal officials who controlled tax collection
Louis IXV
Versailles made it difficult to plot against him
Weakened the French government by his refusal to share power
L’etat c’est moi
Russia
Serfdom
Ivan IV (3.2)
Forces defeat Novgorod
Oprichina
Paramilitary force
Loyal to Ivan IV
Roman Dynasty church
Consume traditional values
Peter the Great
Defeated Streltsy
Lost support over reforms
Ottoman Devshirme
A selection of staff, military & government
Christian boys recruited by force, removed from their families
Ottoman Janissaries
Formed elite forces in the Ottoman army
“Slaves of the state”
Qing Bureaucracy
Corrupt, high tax
Japan military system
Shoguns
Daimyo- land holding aristocrats
Samurai- daimyo’s army of warriors, paid, given economic power
Period of Great Peace
Ieyasu’s successor
Tokugawa shogunate
Feudal system
Daimyo home & family restrictions to keep them under the shogunate’s control, reducing them to landlords
Zamindars
Government officials in charge of taxation, construction, & water supply
Given land
Can keep some peasant tax
What was Askia’s claim?
Sunni Ali wasn’t a faithful Muslim
Pilgrimage to Mecca
Songhai was the largest kingdom in West Africa
What was the Taj Mahal?
A tomb for Shah Jahan’s life
Constantinople
(Istanbul)
Ming Dynasty (2.2)
Private, wealthy families collected tax in the form of grains, then silver
Repression of the rebellion left the dynasty bankrupt
Sikhism
Combo of Hindu & Sufi Muslim beliefs
Church
Corrupt
Reform unsuccessful
Black Death
Martin Luther
Complaints of church
Inquisition
Punish non believers
Jesuits
Opposed spread of Protestantism
Court of Trent
Corrected church’s abuses
Improved education of priests
Reaffirmed rituals
Thirty Years War
Economic catastrophe of Europe
Troops were allowed to loot as compensation
Famine, starvation, disease
Ottoman
Shariah
Empiricism
Data needed to back up hypothesis
Safavids tolerance?
No tolerance
Decline of three empires
Religious conflicts
Expensive armies
Corrupt leadership
Failure to keep up with development of tech and military
