unit I exam Flashcards
champa rice
•rice that could grow twice a season
•from Vietnam
filial piety
•idea of respect for ancestors
•influenced by Confucianism
textile
•formed by knitting/crocheting fibers together
•flexible
bureaucracy
government officials who assist in governing
foot-binding
binding girl’s feet to prevent them from growing normally
2 characteristics of Confucianism that heavily influenced Chinese culture & government
1) social mobility
2) civil service exam
Theravada Buddhism
•focused on personal spiritual growth through meditation & self-discipline
•strongest in Southeast Asia
Mahayana Buddhism
•focused on spiritual growth for all beings & on service
•strongest in China & Korea
both Theravada & Mahayana Buddhism believe in the Four Noble Truths. what is that?
the idea that personal suffering can be alleviated by eliminating cravings or desires, or by following Buddhist precepts
both Theravada & Mahayana Buddhism embrace the Eight-Fold Path. what is that?
the precepts that can lead to enlightenment or nirvana
3 characteristics of the Song economy
•technological advancements
•domestic & international trade
•effective government
how did the civil service exam encourage the creation of a merit-based bureaucracy?
young men of lower economic classes had more educational opportunities
if they score well on the civil service exams, which were based on Confucian texts, they could get important & highly desired jobs in the bureaucracy
neo-Confucianism
•rational thought + ideas of Daoism and Buddhism
•emphasized ethics instead of the mysteries of God and nature
•popular in Japan, Korea, & Vietnam
Dar al-Islam
House of peace
Anywhere where Muslims can practice their religion freely
Name three Islamic Empires that arose after the Abbasid Empire fell in the Middle East and where they were located.
Egyptian Mamluks- North Africa
Seljuk Turks- Middle East, extended “almost as far East as Western China.
Mongols- Central Asia
Describe how Islam spread so rapidly throughout the Middle East, Africa, and South Asia.
Military Force
Merchants (like Muhammad)
Sufis successful at converting people
This time period is usually called the Islamic Golden Age. Name three areas in which these civilizations excelled.
Universities in Baghdad, Iraq- translated Greek literature into Arabic
Medical advances & hospital care improvements in Cairo, Egypt.
Sufis spread Islam, adapting to local cultures & traditions in South Asia, Africa, the Balkans
Name three commonalities that exist amongst Hindu and Buddhist states that existed in South and Southeast Asia.
Both didn’t convert to Islam by force, most were voluntary
Both of their temples & artworks include art forms of their gods, unlike Muslims
Islamic forces made mosques on both of their holy sites
name three states that developed during this time period in South and Southeast Asia.
Rajput Kingdoms in Northern Idea & Present-day Pakistan
Vijayanagara Empire- Southern India
Chola Dynasty- Southern India
Describe the major tenets of the Bhakti Movement.
Hindu reform movement- lots of property, songs, yoga, calm & accepting
Importance of emotion in their spiritual life
“Developing a strong attachment to a particular deity”
Describe the major tenets of Sufism.
“Did missionary work in Southeast Asia”
Tolerance for local faiths
Could be Muslims & still honor local deities.
Define monasticism and explain how it impacted Buddhism.
Separates oneself from the rest,
In Buddhism- self-disciplined, awareness of mental state
Women permitted to become nuns
Life of contemplation & simple living
Name two indigenous civilizations that were centralized (had a strong central government)
Mayans & Aztecs
Name three indigenous civilizations that were decentralized (had no strong central government)
Cahokia, Chaco, Mesa Verde
Describe three common characteristics of indigenous American culture and religions.
Corn was grown as a main crop
Religions were polytheistic- worshiping more than 1 god
All included King(s) in their government
Name three significant states/empires that existed in Africa during this time period.
Mali Empire
The Hausa Kingdoms
Ghana
Manorial System
Manors had everything he people lived on them needed, limited contact with outsiders because of this, peasants dependent on their land & lord
Decentralization
Power/ authority spreads out to multiple areas
Serfdom
Peasants (not enslaved) who were tied to the land in manor grounds. They couldn’t leave without permission from their lord.
Feudalism
A system of mutual obligations-exchanges of land for loyalty & protection
Fief
An estate/tract of land
Describe the various levels of the feudal pyramid and the relationships that existed between levels.
Monarchs- usually kings, grant fiefs (tracts of land) to lords
Lords- become the king’s vassal (person who owes service to another person of higher-status)
provide land to knights, knights become vassals & pledge to fight for the lord or king
provide land & protection to peasants.
Peasants- obligated to farm the lord’s land
provide the lord w/ crops & livestock
obey the lord’s orders
3 Islamic empires that arose after the Abbasid Empire fell in the Middle East and where they were located
Egyptian Mamluks- North Africa
Seljuk
Technological advances
gunpowder, paper
Decline in
older tech, small states
Song Dynasty
China’s golden age, following after the Tang
Delhi Sultanate
Muslim Turks, hard to get people to convert to Islam
Mamluk Sultanate
North Africa
Slave Empire
Egyptians enslaved non-muslims, forced them to be in military
Which was doing better? The Song or the Abbasid?
The Song Dynasty
South Asia’s groups
Vijayanagara Empire
Chola Kingdom
Both expanded their empire through trade
Aztecs’ Tribute System
Conquered people have to pay for remaining conquered
Pay by goods or services
Had a very powerful military
Inca’s Mita System
Compelled their citizens into mandatory public service
How did Feudal lords lose power?
With the rise of powerful centralized monarchs
What was key to the process of state building?
Religion
Islam
Arabic, Afro-Eurasia
Confucianism
Used its policies to justify rule over people
South & Southeast Asia Religions
Hinduism, Buddhism
What were the reasons for converting?
Trade- merchants carry cultural structures with them
Avoid jizya
Better job opportunities
What influence died out during this time?
Nomadic people
