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ap world history 🌟 > unit I exam > Flashcards

unit I exam Flashcards

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1
Q

champa rice

A

•rice that could grow twice a season
•from Vietnam

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2
Q

filial piety

A

•idea of respect for ancestors
•influenced by Confucianism

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3
Q

textile

A

•formed by knitting/crocheting fibers together
•flexible

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4
Q

bureaucracy

A

government officials who assist in governing

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5
Q

foot-binding

A

binding girl’s feet to prevent them from growing normally

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6
Q

2 characteristics of Confucianism that heavily influenced Chinese culture & government

A

1) social mobility
2) civil service exam

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7
Q

Theravada Buddhism

A

•focused on personal spiritual growth through meditation & self-discipline
•strongest in Southeast Asia

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8
Q

Mahayana Buddhism

A

•focused on spiritual growth for all beings & on service
•strongest in China & Korea

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9
Q

both Theravada & Mahayana Buddhism believe in the Four Noble Truths. what is that?

A

the idea that personal suffering can be alleviated by eliminating cravings or desires, or by following Buddhist precepts

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10
Q

both Theravada & Mahayana Buddhism embrace the Eight-Fold Path. what is that?

A

the precepts that can lead to enlightenment or nirvana

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11
Q

3 characteristics of the Song economy

A

•technological advancements
•domestic & international trade
•effective government

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12
Q

how did the civil service exam encourage the creation of a merit-based bureaucracy?

A

young men of lower economic classes had more educational opportunities
if they score well on the civil service exams, which were based on Confucian texts, they could get important & highly desired jobs in the bureaucracy

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13
Q

neo-Confucianism

A

•rational thought + ideas of Daoism and Buddhism
•emphasized ethics instead of the mysteries of God and nature
•popular in Japan, Korea, & Vietnam

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14
Q

Dar al-Islam

A

House of peace
Anywhere where Muslims can practice their religion freely

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15
Q

Name three Islamic Empires that arose after the Abbasid Empire fell in the Middle East and where they were located.

A

Egyptian Mamluks- North Africa
Seljuk Turks- Middle East, extended “almost as far East as Western China.
Mongols- Central Asia

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16
Q

Describe how Islam spread so rapidly throughout the Middle East, Africa, and South Asia.

A

Military Force
Merchants (like Muhammad)
Sufis successful at converting people

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17
Q

This time period is usually called the Islamic Golden Age. Name three areas in which these civilizations excelled.

A

Universities in Baghdad, Iraq- translated Greek literature into Arabic
Medical advances & hospital care improvements in Cairo, Egypt.
Sufis spread Islam, adapting to local cultures & traditions in South Asia, Africa, the Balkans

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18
Q

Name three commonalities that exist amongst Hindu and Buddhist states that existed in South and Southeast Asia.

A

Both didn’t convert to Islam by force, most were voluntary
Both of their temples & artworks include art forms of their gods, unlike Muslims
Islamic forces made mosques on both of their holy sites

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19
Q

name three states that developed during this time period in South and Southeast Asia.

A

Rajput Kingdoms in Northern Idea & Present-day Pakistan
Vijayanagara Empire- Southern India
Chola Dynasty- Southern India

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20
Q

Describe the major tenets of the Bhakti Movement.

A

Hindu reform movement- lots of property, songs, yoga, calm & accepting
Importance of emotion in their spiritual life
“Developing a strong attachment to a particular deity”

21
Q

Describe the major tenets of Sufism.

A

“Did missionary work in Southeast Asia”
Tolerance for local faiths
Could be Muslims & still honor local deities.

22
Q

Define monasticism and explain how it impacted Buddhism.

A

Separates oneself from the rest,
In Buddhism- self-disciplined, awareness of mental state
Women permitted to become nuns
Life of contemplation & simple living

23
Q

Name two indigenous civilizations that were centralized (had a strong central government)

A

Mayans & Aztecs

24
Q

Name three indigenous civilizations that were decentralized (had no strong central government)

A

Cahokia, Chaco, Mesa Verde

25
Q

Describe three common characteristics of indigenous American culture and religions.

A

Corn was grown as a main crop
Religions were polytheistic- worshiping more than 1 god
All included King(s) in their government

26
Q

Name three significant states/empires that existed in Africa during this time period.

A

Mali Empire
The Hausa Kingdoms
Ghana

27
Q

Manorial System

A

Manors had everything he people lived on them needed, limited contact with outsiders because of this, peasants dependent on their land & lord

28
Q

Decentralization

A

Power/ authority spreads out to multiple areas

29
Q

Serfdom

A

Peasants (not enslaved) who were tied to the land in manor grounds. They couldn’t leave without permission from their lord.

30
Q

Feudalism

A

A system of mutual obligations-exchanges of land for loyalty & protection

31
Q

Fief

A

An estate/tract of land

32
Q

Describe the various levels of the feudal pyramid and the relationships that existed between levels.

A

Monarchs- usually kings, grant fiefs (tracts of land) to lords
Lords- become the king’s vassal (person who owes service to another person of higher-status)
provide land to knights, knights become vassals & pledge to fight for the lord or king
provide land & protection to peasants.
Peasants- obligated to farm the lord’s land
provide the lord w/ crops & livestock
obey the lord’s orders

33
Q

3 Islamic empires that arose after the Abbasid Empire fell in the Middle East and where they were located

A

Egyptian Mamluks- North Africa
Seljuk

34
Q

Technological advances

A

gunpowder, paper

35
Q

Decline in

A

older tech, small states

36
Q

Song Dynasty

A

China’s golden age, following after the Tang

37
Q

Delhi Sultanate

A

Muslim Turks, hard to get people to convert to Islam

38
Q

Mamluk Sultanate

A

North Africa
Slave Empire
Egyptians enslaved non-muslims, forced them to be in military

39
Q

Which was doing better? The Song or the Abbasid?

A

The Song Dynasty

40
Q

South Asia’s groups

A

Vijayanagara Empire
Chola Kingdom
Both expanded their empire through trade

41
Q

Aztecs’ Tribute System

A

Conquered people have to pay for remaining conquered
Pay by goods or services
Had a very powerful military

42
Q

Inca’s Mita System

A

Compelled their citizens into mandatory public service

43
Q

How did Feudal lords lose power?

A

With the rise of powerful centralized monarchs

44
Q

What was key to the process of state building?

A

Religion

45
Q

Islam

A

Arabic, Afro-Eurasia

46
Q

Confucianism

A

Used its policies to justify rule over people

47
Q

South & Southeast Asia Religions

A

Hinduism, Buddhism

48
Q

What were the reasons for converting?

A

Trade- merchants carry cultural structures with them
Avoid jizya
Better job opportunities

49
Q

What influence died out during this time?

A

Nomadic people

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