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Embryology > Unit III: Digestive System > Flashcards

Unit III: Digestive System Flashcards

1
Q

Which membrane is at the cranial end?

A

Oropharyngeal

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2
Q

Which membrane is at the caudal end?

A

Cloacal

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3
Q

What are the 3 germ layers?

A
  1. endoderm
  2. ectoderm
  3. mesoderm
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4
Q

What does the endoderm form?

A

Most of the digestive system

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5
Q

What does the ectoderm form?

A

Primitive oral cavity

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6
Q

What does the mesoderm form?

A

Smooth muscle and connective tissue of the gut wall and accessory organs

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7
Q

What makes up the foregut?

A

Distal esophagus-2nd part of the duodenum

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8
Q

What makes up the midgut?

A

3rd part of the duodenum-right 2/3rds of the transverse colon

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9
Q

What makes up the hindgut?

A

Left 1/3rd of transverse colon-upper part of the anal canal

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10
Q

What supplies the foregut?

A

Celiac trunk

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11
Q

What supplies the esophagus?

A

Vagus nerve

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12
Q

What is esophageal atresia?

A
  1. upper part of e. ends up in the blind pouch
  2. tracheoesophageal fistula
  3. deviation of the septum
  4. fetus cannot swallow AF
  5. polyhydramnios
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13
Q

The stomach rotates 90 degrees ___

A

Clockwise

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14
Q

What supplies the stomach?

A

Vagus nerve

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15
Q

What supplies the duodenum?

A

Celiac trunk and superior mesenteric artery

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16
Q

What makes fetal feces green?

A

Bile in the meconium

17
Q

What is an annular pancreas?

A
  1. pancreas encircles duodenum
  2. causes an obstruction
  3. bifid ventral pancreatic bud
18
Q

What is an accessory spleen?

A
  1. small, additional spleen
  2. near hilum of spleen
  3. 10% of people
19
Q

What supplies the midgut?

A

Superior mesenteric artery

20
Q

Why does the midgut herniate, rotate and retract?

A

There is insufficient space in the abdominal cavity to accommodate the growing intestines

21
Q

The midgut loop rotates 90 degrees ___ around the superior mesenteric artery

A

Counterclockwise

22
Q

Once retracted, the intestines undergo an additional ___ degrees of ___ rotation

A

180; counterclockwise

23
Q

In total, the intestines rotate ___ degrees in a ___ direction

A

270; counterclockwise

24
Q

What is an omphalocele?

A
  1. failure of midgut retraction
  2. physiological herniation
  3. intestines remain in the umbilical cord
  4. 50% of cases-> chromosomal abnormalities
25
Q

What is Meckel’s diverticulum?

A
  1. finger-like pouch
  2. remnant of omphaloenteric duct
  3. 2-4% of people
  4. gastric tissue may produce acid-> inflaming diverticulum
  5. often mimics appendicitis
26
Q

What supplies the hindgut?

A

Inferior mesenteric artery

Embryology (11 decks)

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