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Embryology > Unit II: Face and Neck > Flashcards

Unit II: Face and Neck Flashcards

1
Q

How many pharyngeal arches are there?

A

6, but only 4 are visible externally

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2
Q

Divisions of the first pharyngeal arch

A
  1. maxillary prominence

2. mandibular prominence

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3
Q

Bones of the maxillary prominence

A

Maxilla, zygomatic bone, vomer

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4
Q

Bones of the mandibular prominence

A

Mandible, temporal bone

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5
Q

Muscles derived from the first pharyngeal arch

A
  1. muscles of mastication
  2. suprahyoid muscles
  3. tensor veli palatini
  4. tensor tympani
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6
Q

What are some muscles of mastication?

A

Masseter, temporalis, medical and later pterygoids

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7
Q

What are some muscles of the suprahyoid muscles?

A

Mylohyoid, anterior belly of digastric

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8
Q

Nerve of the first arch?

A

CN V

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9
Q

Bones derived from the second arch

A

Lesser horn of hyoid, stapes bone, styloid process

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10
Q

Muscles derived from the second arch

A

Muscles of facial expression, stapedius, suprahyoid muscles

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11
Q

Nerve of the second arch

A

CN VII

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12
Q

What is Bell’s palsy?

A

Facial nerve paralysis-> second arch

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13
Q

Structures derived from the third arch

A

Greater horn of hyoid, stylopharyngeus muscle

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14
Q

Nerve of the third arch

A

CN IX

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15
Q

Cartilages derived from the fourth arch

A

All laryngeal cartilages except epiglottic

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16
Q

Muscles derived from the fourth arch

A

Constrictor muscles of the pharynx, cricothyroid muscle, levator veli palatini

17
Q

Nerve of the fourth arch

A

CN X

18
Q

Derivatives of the fifth arch

A

Trick question- there are none

19
Q

Cartilages of the sixth arch

A

All laryngeal cartilages except epiglottic

20
Q

Muscles derived from the sixth arch

A

All intrinsic muscles of the larynx except cricothyroid, striated portion of the esophagus

21
Q

Nerve of the sixth arch

A

CN X

22
Q

Derivatives of the first pharyngeal pouch

A

Tympanic cavity, eardrum, pharyngotympanic tube, mastoid antrum

23
Q

Derivatives of the second pouch

A

Tonsillar fossa

24
Q

Derivatives of the third pouch

A

Dorsal: inferior parathyroid glands
Ventral: thymus

25
Q

Derivatives of the fourth pouch

A

Superior parathyroid glands

26
Q

Only the ___ pharyngeal membrane forms the tympanic membrane

A

First

27
Q

Which is the first endocrine gland to appear?

A

Thyroid

28
Q

What are thyroglossal duct cysts?

A
  1. thyroglossal duct fails to obliterate

2. may be mistaken for thyroid tumors

29
Q

2 swellings of the tongue

A
  1. copula (rostrally)

2. hypo pharyngeal eminence (caudally)

30
Q

Prominences of the face

A
  1. frontonasal
  2. maxillary prominences
  3. mandibular prominences
31
Q

What is a cleft lip?

A
  1. 1 in 1000 births

2. unilateral or bilateral

32
Q

What is cleft palate?

A
  1. 1 in 2500 births
  2. more common in girls
  3. anterior= anterior to incisive foramen

Embryology (11 decks)

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