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Embryology > Unit III: Cardiovascular System > Flashcards

Unit III: Cardiovascular System Flashcards

1
Q

When does the heart begin to beat?

A

22-23 days

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2
Q

3 principle layers

A
  1. endothelial heart tube
  2. primordial myocardium
  3. mesothelium of sinus venosus
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3
Q

What is dextrocardia?

A
  1. heart tube bends to the left
  2. all vessels are reversed
  3. sinus inversus
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4
Q

Blood enters the sinus venosus through the:

A
  1. common cardinal veins
  2. umbilical veins
  3. vitelline veins
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5
Q

What is the foramen primum

A

Gap between the septum primum and fused endocardial cushions

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6
Q

What is the foramen secudum?

A

Second opening in the septum primum

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7
Q

What is atrial septal defect?

A
  1. 25% of adults
  2. foramen ovale= small opening
  3. probe patent defect
  4. larger= clinical atrial septal defect
  5. blood LA-> RA
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8
Q

What is ventricular septal defect?

A
  1. most common
  2. in membranous inter ventricular septum
  3. incomplete closure of inter ventricular foramen
  4. blood LV-> RV
  5. results in death if untreated
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9
Q

The bulbus cords forms a part of each ventricle:

A
  1. RV: conus arteriosus

2. LV: aortic vestibule

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10
Q

What is tetralogy of fallot?

A
  1. pulmonary artery stenosis
  2. ventricular septal defect
  3. enlarged aorta
  4. RV hypertrophy
  5. uneven trunkus arteriosus
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11
Q

Fate of the horns of the sinus venosus

A
  1. right: sinus venarum, posterior to crista terminalis

2. left: coronary sinus

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12
Q

When the umbilical vein reaches the liver, half of the blood passes to the IVC through the ___

A

Ductus venosus

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13
Q

Other half of the blood enters from the umbilical vein through the ___

A

Liver sinusoids

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14
Q

Only ___% of the blood reaches the lungs

A

10

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15
Q

Neonatal circulation changes:

A
  1. ductus venosus constricts
  2. decreased BP in IVC
  3. increased blood flow to lungs
  4. increased venous return
  5. foramen ovale closure
  6. ductus arteriosus constricts
  7. LV becomes thicker
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16
Q

Adult derivative of cardinal veins

A

Superior and inferior vena cava and tributaries

17
Q

Fetal structure of the portal vein and tributaries

A

Vitelline veins

18
Q

Adult derivative of the umbilical vein

A

Ligamentum teres of the liver

19
Q

Fetal structure of the ligamentum venosum

A

Ductus venosus

20
Q

Adult derivative of the umbilical arteries

A

Medial umbilical ligaments

21
Q

Fetal structure of the fossa ovalis

A

Foramen ovale

22
Q

Adult derivative of the ductus arteriosus

A

Ligament arteriosum

Embryology (11 decks)

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