Unit II Review Flashcards
(Chapter 19)
What are the 5 functions of blood?
- Transport gases, nutrients, hormones and waste
- Regulate pH and ion composition of ISF
- Restrict fluid loss at injury sites
- Defend against toxins and pathogens
- Stabilize body temperature
How does blood temperature compare to body temperature?
Blood temperature is slightly higher (100.4F or 38C)
What is the pH of blood?
7.35 - 7.45
What is the viscosity of blood vs water?
Blood is 5x more viscous than water
What is whole blood?
Plasma + formed elements
What is plasma?
92% water, 7% plasma proteins, 1% other solutes
What is the composition of formed elements?
99.9% RBCs, <0.1% WBC, <0.1% platelets
What is hematocrit?
The percentage of formed elements (or RBCs) in whole blood
List the different plasma proteins and their functions
Albumins - 60% - major contributor to osmotic pressure, transport fatty acids, some thyroid/steroid hormones
Globulins - 35% - antibodies and transport globulins
Fibrinogen - 4% - Important in the clotting process
List the different solutes that are found in blood
Nutrients, electrolytes, waste
What is the ratio between RBCs and WBCs
1000:1
What is oxyhemoglobin?
Hemoglobin (Hb) whose iron ion holds O2 –> HbO2
What is deoxyhemoglobin?
Hb molecule whose iron ion does not hold O2 –> Hb
What is carbaminohemoglobin?
Hb bound to CO2
What is the average life span of a red blood cell?
120 days
What type of white blood cell recycles red blood cell components?
Phagocytic macrophage
What is hemoglobinuria?
Abnormally large numbers of RBCs break down in the bloodstream, and may cause urine to turn red or brown
What is hematuria?
The presence of intact RBCs in urine
What is biliverdin?
After RBC breakdown, when a heme is stripped of its iron by a phagocytic cell
Note: Bruises commonly developed a greenish tint when biliverdin forms in the blood-filled tissues
What is bilirubin?
Biliverdin is converted to bilirubin, an orange-yellow pigment, and released into the bloodstream. There, the bilirubin binds to albumin and is transported to the liver for excretion in bile.
What causes jaundice?
Yellowing of the skin and eyes caused by a backup of bilirubin. This may happen if bile ducts are blocked or the liver cannot absorb or excrete bilirubin.
What are urobilins and stercobilins?
Created from bilirubin in the large intestine.
What is transferrin?
A plasma protein which binds and transfers iron ions. (Large quantities of iron by itself are toxic). Absorbed by RBCs in red bone marrow.
What are ferritin and hemosiderin?
Excess transferrin is removed in the liver and spleen and the iron is stored in ferritin and hemosiderin.