Unit I - Immune System (Part 2) Flashcards
changes with innate immunity that are associated with aging
thinning skin, decreased GI tract acidity, shallow breathing, less acidic urine, less elastic bladder
changes in acquired immunity
- thymus involutes
- decline in T lymphocytes
- dampened immune response
- increased cell mutations and decreased apoptosis
- tendency to form autoantibodies, causing autoimmune diseases
pressure sores - stages
Stage 1: Discoloration (redness) of intact skin
Stage 2: Partial-thickness skin loss-lesion is through the epidermis
Stage 3: Full thickness skin loss involving damage into the subcutaneous tissue (Hypodermis)
Stage 4: Full thickness skin loss with extensive destruction and necrosis extending through the epidermis and subcutaneous tissue
CNS aging
WBCs migrate to CNS, glial cells secrete pro inflammatory cytokines, CNS inflammation
hypothetical outcomes of CNS inflammation
contributes to alzheimer’s, ALS, MS, parkinson’s, PSP
exercise and immunology
moderate, regular exercise
- increase T cells, B cells, NK cells
strenuous exercise - decrease WBCs, chronic inflammation
primary (congenital) immunodeficiency and 3 examples
someone is born with a poorly functioning immune system
- X-linked/Bruton’s
- DiGeorge’s
- SCIDS
X-linked/Bruton’s agammaglobulinemia
- boys
- can’t make B cells
- severely immunocompromised
mutation of X chromosome
frequent bacterial infections
DiGeorge’s Syndrome
(congenital T cell deficiency)
deletion of piece of chromosome 22
absence/underdeveloped thymus and parathyroid glands, palate abnormalities, feeding difficulties, many defects
severe combined immune deficiency syndrome (SCIDS)
“bubble boy disease”
both B and T cells are deficient
secondary immunodeficiency
someone acquires immune dysfunction either by disease, medication, or other cause
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)
HIV attacks CD4 lymphocytes and B and T are inactivated
infectious diseases are easily contracted
acquired diseases outcomes
cancer
- epstein-barr virus (non-hodgkin’s lymphoma): B cell lymphomas and nodules in lymphnodes
- HPV: uterine cervical cancer
If you have >5000 HIV RNA copies/ml in blood, you have ____
If you have 300-500 HIV RNA copies/ml in blood, you’re ____
active AIDS
HIV+ but not sick
if you have <200 CD4 cells/ml, you have ____
if you have >200 CD4 cells/ml, you’re
active AIDS
HIV+ but not sick
(normal is 700-1000)
