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bio 12 > UNIT G Key Terms > Flashcards

UNIT G Key Terms Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What do you call a vessel that takes blood away from the heart to the arterioles

A

Arteries

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2
Q

What is a characteristic of the artery vessels?

A

Thick/elastic/muscular walls

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3
Q

What do you call a microscopic vessel connecting arterioles to venules

A

capillaries

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4
Q

The exchange of substances between blood and tissue fluid occurs within which vessel’s walls?

A

capillaries

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5
Q

What do you call the vessel that takes blood to the heart from venules?

A

Veins

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6
Q

What is a major characteristic of veins?

A

Non-elastic walls

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7
Q

What vessel takes blood from arteries to capillaries?

A

Arterioles

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8
Q

What vessel takes blood from capillaries to veins?

A

Venules

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9
Q

What do you call the membranous extension of a vessel/heart wall opens and closes to ensure one-way flow?

A

Valves

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10
Q

What do you call the protective membrane that surrounds the heart?

A

Pericardium

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11
Q

What do you call the cardiac muscles in the wall of the heart?

A

Myocardium

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12
Q

What do you call one of the upper chambers of the heart which receive blood

A

atrium (left or right)

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13
Q

What do you call the cavity in an organ (such as the lower chamber of the heart), which produces and serves as a reservoir for cerebrospinal fluid?

A

ventricles

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14
Q

What do you call the valve located between the atrium and the ventricle?

A

Atrioventricular valve

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15
Q

What is the right AV valve sometimes called?

A

Tricuspid valve

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16
Q

What are the tough bands of connective tissue that attach papillary muscles to the atrioventricular valves within the heart?

A

Chordae tendinae

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17
Q

What do you call the valve resembling a half moon located between the ventricles and their attached vessels?

A

Semi-lunar valves

18
Q

What do you call the blood vessel that takes blood away from the heart to the lungs?

A

Pulmonary arteries

19
Q

What do you call the blood vessel that takes blood to the heart from the lungs?

A

Pulmonary veins

20
Q

What do you call one complete cycle of systole and diastole for all heart chambers?

A

the cardiac cycle

21
Q

What do you call the contraction period of a heart during the cardiac cycle?

A

systole

22
Q

What do you call the relaxation period of a heart during the cardiac cycle?

A

diastole

23
Q

What do you call the small region of neuromuscular tissue that transmits the impulses received from the SA node to the ventricular walls?

A

SA (sinoatrial) node

24
Q

What is the “pacemaker”?

A

the SA node

25
Q

What do you call the small region of neuromuscular tissue that transmits the impulses received from the SA node to the ventricular walls?

A

the AV (atrioventricular) node

26
Q

What do you call the group of specialized fibres that conduct impulses from the AV node to the ventricles of the heart?

A

AV bundle

27
Q

What do you call the specialized muscle fibres that conduct the cardiac impulse from the AV bundle into the ventricles?

A

Purkinje Fibres

28
Q

What do you call the recording of electrical activity associated with the heartbeat?

A

the ECG (electrocardiogram)

29
Q

What do you call the circulatory pathway that consists of the pulmonary trunk, pulmonary arteries, pulmonary veins?

A

the pulmonary circuit

30
Q

What do you call the part of the circulatory system that serves body parts other than the gas-exchanging surfaces in the lungs?

A

Systematic circuit

31
Q

What do you call the major systemic artery that receives blood from the left ventricles?

A

The aorta.

32
Q

What do you call the large vein that enters the right atrium from above and carries blood from the head, thorax, and upper limbs of the heart?

A

Superior venae cavae.

33
Q

What do you call the large vein that enters the right atrium from below and carries blood from the trunk and lower extremities?

A

Inferior venae cavae.

34
Q

What do you call the artery that supplies blood to the wall of the heart?

A

Coronary arteries.

35
Q

What do you call the portal system that begins in the villi of the small intestine and ends as the liver?

A

The hepatic portal system

36
Q

What do you call the vein leading to the liver and formed by the merging blood vessels leaving the small intestine?

A

The hepatic portal vein.

37
Q

What do you call the vein that runs between the liver and the inferior venae cavae?

A

the hepatic vein

38
Q

What do you call the arterial blood pressure during the systolic phase of the cardiac cycle?

A

systolic pressure

39
Q

What do you call the arterial blood pressure during the diastolic phase of the cardiac cycle?

A

diastolic pressure

40
Q

What do you call the accumulation of blood in veins that develop when the valves of veins become weak and ineffective due to the backward pressure of blood?

A

varicose veins

41
Q

What do you call the inflammation of a vein that can lead to blood clots? (deadly in a pulmonary vessel)

A

Phlebitis

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