13.4 Flashcards
In fetal circulation, blood passes from ____ to ____ directly through ______
right atrium to left atrium, foreman ovale
What part of the circulatory system isn’t included in the fetal circulatory system
pulmonary circuit
in the fetal circulatory system, blood entering the right ventricle is shunted into the aorta through the _______
ductus arteriosus
What is the role of the umbilical arteries?
To take fetal blood to the placenta.
What is the role of the umbilical veins?
To take nutrient-rich blood from placenta to the fetus
What are 5 differences between the regular circulatory circuit and the fetal circulatory system?
- Foreman ovale
- Ductus arteriosus
- Ductus venosus
- Umbilical artery
- Umbilical vein
What shunts blood from umbilical vein to inferior vena cava in the fetus?
Ductus venosus
What is the role of the placenta?
Functions before birth, involved in gas, nutrient and waste exchange between fetus and maternal circulatory systems.
Blood is the only _____ in the body
liquid tissue in the body
Plasma makes up how much of the blood
55% of whole blood
Formed elements make up how much of blood
45% formed elements
What are the contents of the formed elements?
Buffy coat: leukocytes and platelets (<1%)
Erythrocytes: 45%
What are the 7 contents of plasma?
- water
- plasma proteins
- salts
- gases
- nutrients
- Nitrogenous wastes
- Other (hormones, vitamins)
Red blood cells and white blood cells are a part of what?
Formed elements
Another word for red blood cells?
Erythrocytes
Another word for platelets?
Thrombocytes
Another word for white blood cells?
Leukocytes
What is the shape of platelets?
Disk shaped, no nuclei
White and red blood cells are found where?
red bone marrow
What is the blood clotting sequence?
- Blood vessel damaged
- Platelets clump
- Prothrombin activator converts prothrombin into thrombin with calcum Ca 2+
- Thrombin converts fibrogen to fibrin threads.
- Fibrin threads fill in platelet plug to form clot
- Trapped red blood cells make it look red.
- Afterwards, plasmin enzyme breaks fibrin network
What happens in the capillary exchange?
Water, oxygen, amino acids, glucose leave on artery end. Carbon dioxide, wastes and water go in on venous side.
