13.4

Question 1

In fetal circulation, blood passes from ____ to ____ directly through ______

Answer 1

right atrium to left atrium, foreman ovale

Question 2

What part of the circulatory system isn’t included in the fetal circulatory system

Answer 2

pulmonary circuit

Question 3

in the fetal circulatory system, blood entering the right ventricle is shunted into the aorta through the _______

Answer 3

ductus arteriosus

Question 4

What is the role of the umbilical arteries?

Answer 4

To take fetal blood to the placenta.

Question 5

What is the role of the umbilical veins?

Answer 5

To take nutrient-rich blood from placenta to the fetus

Question 6

What are 5 differences between the regular circulatory circuit and the fetal circulatory system?

Answer 6

1. Foreman ovale
2. Ductus arteriosus
3. Ductus venosus
4. Umbilical artery
5. Umbilical vein

Question 7

What shunts blood from umbilical vein to inferior vena cava in the fetus?

Answer 7

Ductus venosus

Question 8

What is the role of the placenta?

Answer 8

Functions before birth, involved in gas, nutrient and waste exchange between fetus and maternal circulatory systems.

Question 9

Blood is the only _____ in the body

Answer 9

liquid tissue in the body

Question 10

Plasma makes up how much of the blood

Answer 10

55% of whole blood

Question 11

Formed elements make up how much of blood

Answer 11

45% formed elements

Question 12

What are the contents of the formed elements?

Answer 12

Buffy coat: leukocytes and platelets (<1%)

Erythrocytes: 45%

Question 13

What are the 7 contents of plasma?

Answer 13

1. water
2. plasma proteins
3. salts
4. gases
5. nutrients
6. Nitrogenous wastes
7. Other (hormones, vitamins)

Question 14

Red blood cells and white blood cells are a part of what?

Answer 14

Formed elements

Question 15

Another word for red blood cells?

Answer 15

Erythrocytes

Question 16

Another word for platelets?

Answer 16

Thrombocytes

Question 17

Another word for white blood cells?

Answer 17

Leukocytes

Question 18

What is the shape of platelets?

Answer 18

Disk shaped, no nuclei

Question 19

White and red blood cells are found where?

Answer 19

red bone marrow

Question 20

What is the blood clotting sequence?

Answer 20

1. Blood vessel damaged
2. Platelets clump
3. Prothrombin activator converts prothrombin into thrombin with calcum Ca 2+
4. Thrombin converts fibrogen to fibrin threads.
5. Fibrin threads fill in platelet plug to form clot
6. Trapped red blood cells make it look red.
7. Afterwards, plasmin enzyme breaks fibrin network

Question 21

What happens in the capillary exchange?

Answer 21

Water, oxygen, amino acids, glucose leave on artery end. Carbon dioxide, wastes and water go in on venous side.