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bio 12 > 17.2 quiz > Flashcards

17.2 quiz Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

The CNS is the location of what

A

where sensory information is received and motor control is initiated.

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2
Q

The spinal cord and brain are protected by what

A

bone (vertebrae in cord and skull in brain)

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3
Q

Both spinal cord/brain are wrapped in protective membranes called _____

A

meninges

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4
Q

The spaces between the meninges are filled with what?

A

Cerebrospinal fluid.

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5
Q

What is the role of cerebrospinal fluid?

A

Cushions and protects the CNS.

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6
Q

How do you test for meningitis?

A

Sample cerebrospinal fluid through spinal tap/lumbar puncture

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7
Q

What are the two types of nervous tissues

A

Gray and white matter

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8
Q

What is gray matter made up of

A

Cell bodies and short, non-myelinated fibres

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9
Q

What is white matter made up of

A

myelinated axons that run together in bundles called tracts

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10
Q

What does the spinal cord pass through

A

The vertebral canal

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11
Q

How do spinal nerves project from the cord

A

They project between the vertebrae

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12
Q

What cushions and separates the vertebrae

A

Fluid-filled intervertebral disks

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13
Q

What is the spinal cord central canal filled with

A

cerebrospinal fluid, grey matter in an H-shape configuration inside white matter.

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14
Q

What does the white matter in the spinal canal contain

A

Tracts that take nerve impulses to and from the brain

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15
Q

What does the dorsal root contain

A

sensory fibres entering grey matter

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16
Q

What does the ventral root contain

A

motor fibres exiting grey matter

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17
Q

Where are the dorsal and ventral roots located

A

dorsal is at the top of each vertebrae and ventral is at the bottom

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18
Q

What are the four major parts of the brain

A

Cerebrum, diencephalon, cerebellum, brain stem

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19
Q

What is the largest part of the brain

A

Cerebrum

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20
Q

What is the role of the cerebrum

A

Communicates with and coordinates activities to other parts of the brain

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21
Q

What are the two halves of the cerebrum called and what do they communicate through

A

Cerebral hemispheres, the corpus callosum

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22
Q

What is the corpus callosum

A

a bridge of nerve tracts in the cerebrum that allow the left side of the brain to control right side of the body and vice versa

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23
Q

What is the cerebral cortex

A

the thin layer of grey matter that covers the cerebral hemispheres

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24
Q

What are the four lobes

A

frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal

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25
Q

What are the 4 lobes separated by

A

Grooves called sulci

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26
Q

What are the 4 roles of the frontal lobe

A
  • Voluntary movement
  • organizing motor functions
  • reasoning and planning
  • speech muscles
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27
Q

What are the 3 roles of the parietal lobe

A
  • Somatic sensing (sensing within the body)
  • Taste
  • temperature
  • touch/movement
28
Q

What are the 3 roles of the temporal lobe

A
  • Hearing
  • Associates new audio info w previous audio info
  • Understands written and spoken words
29
Q

What are the 2 roles of the occipital lobe

A
  • vision

- associates new visual info with previous visual info

30
Q

What is the role of the central white matter in the brain

A

tracts take info between different areas

31
Q

What is the role of basal nuclei in the cerebrum

A

masses of grey matter in the white matter that integrate motor commands to proper muscle groups

32
Q

The Diencephalon consists of 3 parts

A

Hypothalamus, thalamus and pineal gland

33
Q

What is the role of the hypothalamus

A

maintains homeostasis, regulates sleep, hunger, thirst, body temperature, water balance

34
Q

What is the role of the thalamus

A

Grey matter that receives all sensory input except for smell, and sends to appropriate area of cerebrum, involved in memory and emotions

35
Q

What is the role of the pineal gland

A

Secretes melatonin and maintains the normal sleep-wake cycle

36
Q

The cerebellum is located where

A

Under the occipital lone

37
Q

What is the structure of the cerebellum

A

Two portions that are composed of white matter with a thin layer of gray matter overtop

38
Q

What is the role of the cerebellum

A
  • Maintains posture and balance
  • receives sensory input from joints/muscles
  • Motor input about where body parts should be located
  • produces smooth, voluntary movements
39
Q

What does the brain stem contain

A

the midbrain, the pons, the medulla oblongata, and the reticular activating system

40
Q

What is the role of the midbrain

A

relay station for tracts passing between cerebrum and spinal cord/cerebellum, reflex centres for visual/auditory/tactile responses

41
Q

What is the role of the pons

A

Bundles of axons between cerebellum and CNS, regulates breathing rate with medulla oblongata

42
Q

What is the role of the medulla oblongata

A

Regulates heartbeat/breathing/blood pressure and reflex centres for vomiting, coughing, sneezing, hiccuping, swallowing

43
Q

What is the role of the RAS

A

Relay centre for alertness, filters out unnecessary stimuli

44
Q

What are nerves

A

Specialized cells that carry impulse messages from one part of the body to another

45
Q

What is a neuron

A

A nerve cell that characteristically has three parts: dendrite, cell body, axon

46
Q

What are ganglia made of

A

Cluster of neural bodies outside central nervous system

47
Q

What are cranial nerves

A

Nerves that serve primarily the head and neck

48
Q

How many cranial nerve pairs are there

A

12

49
Q

What is the function of spinal nerves

A

Mixed nerves with motor/spinal/autonomic signals between CNS and body

50
Q

How many pairs of spinal nerves are there

A

31, one on each side of vertebrae column

51
Q

What is the somatic system

A

Part of PNS that serves the skin, skeletal muscles and tendons

52
Q

What is a reflex arc

A

The simple neural pathway that a reflexive (involuntary) action requires.

53
Q

What are the sequences of a reflex arc

A
  1. stimulus
  2. Sensory receptors in skin send sensory impulses through dorsal root ganglia to spinal cord
  3. Sensory neurons that enter the cord dorsally pass signals on to many interneurons.
  4. Interneuron impulses synapse with motor neurons, where the impulse is taken to effector muscles
  5. response is brought (withdraw hand, etc.)
54
Q

How many nerve pairs are in the somatic system

A

cranial (12), spinal (31), association (thousands)

55
Q

Where do the voluntary movements of the somatic system originate?

A

cerebral cortex

56
Q

What is the autonomic system of the PNS

A

The system responsible for the activity of the cardiac/smooth muscle and glands.

57
Q

What are the two divisions of the autonomic system

A

The sympathetic and parasympathetic division

58
Q

The autonomic system uses what for each impulse

A

two neurons that synpase at a ganglion

59
Q

What is the sympathetic division of the autonomic system responsible for

A

fight/flight response

60
Q

What are some examples of the fight or flight response in the sympathetic system

A
  • inhibits tears
  • increases heartbeat
  • stimulates liver to release glucose for energy
61
Q

What is the parasympathetic division of the autonomic system responsible for?

A

Rest and digest (housekeeper)

62
Q

What are some of the housekeeper roles of the parasympathetic system

A
  • stimulates tears
  • deceases heartbeat
  • stimulates liver to release bile
63
Q

Is the preganglionic and postganglionic fibre of the sympathetic division long or short

A

preganglionic is short, postganglionic is long

64
Q

Is the preganglionic and postganglionic fibre of the parasympathetic division long or short

A

preganglionic is long, postganglionic is short

65
Q

What is the parasympathetic division sometimes called

A

the cranioscacral portion, because it arises from the cranio and sacral portions of the spinal cord

66
Q

Where does the sympathetic preganglionic fibre arise from

A

Arise from cervical, thoracic, lumbar parts of spinal cord

bio 12 (10 decks)

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