16.1-16.3 quiz

Question 1

What are the four organs of the urinary system

Answer 1

• kidneys
• ureters
• urinary bladder
• urethra

Question 2

What are the differences between male and female urinary systems

Answer 2

1. male’s connected to reproductive system.

2. female urethra is 4 cm long whereas male urethra is 20 cm.

Question 3

What are the 4 functions of the urinary system

Answer 3

• Excrete metabolic waste
• osmoregulation in blood (water/salt)
• Regulation of acid-base balance in blood
• secretion of hormones

Question 4

What nitrogenous waste is excreted by the metabolic system

Answer 4

• Urea
• Ammonia
• creatinine
• uric acid

Question 5

What hormones does the urinary system secrete

Answer 5

• Renin (absorption of Na+ ions in kidneys)
• Erythropoietin (stimulate red blood cell production
• Activates vitamin D

Question 6

What are the three regions of the kidney

Answer 6

• Renal cortex (outer layer)
• Renal medulla (middle layer)
• Renal pelvis (inner layer)

Question 7

What is in the renal medulla

Answer 7

cone-shaped tissue masses

Question 8

What is connected to the renal pelvis

Answer 8

the ureter

Question 9

What are the 4 parts of a nephron

Answer 9

1. Bowman’s capsule
2. Proximal convoluted tubule.
3. Loop of Henle.
4. Distal convoluted tubule

Question 10

What is the role of the Bowman’s capsule

Answer 10

The sack at the beginning of the nephron that holds the glomerus

Question 11

What is the role of the proximal convoluted tubule

Answer 11

Allows for reabsorption of substances using packed microvilli and several mitochondria

Question 12

What is the role of the loop of Henle

Answer 12

U-shaped tube that conducts urine through nephron, recovers water and NaCl from urine.

Question 13

What is the role of the distal convoluted tubule

Answer 13

lacks microvilli but has mitochondria, regulates pH of urine, maintains K+ and Na+ levels, H+ levels.

Question 14

What is the role of the collecting ducts

Answer 14

carry urine to renal pelvis.

Question 15

What is the order of blood travelling through the nephron.

Answer 15

1. renal artery
2. afferent arteriole
3. glomurus
4. efferent arteriole
5. peritubular capillary network
6. renal vein

Question 16

What are the 3 processes of urine formation

Answer 16

1. Glomular filtration
2. Tubular reabsorption.
3. Tubular excretion.

Question 17

What happens during glomerular filtration

Answer 17

water, salt, nutrients, waste are absorbed from blood inside glomerular capsule.

Question 18

What happens during tubular reabsorption

Answer 18

nutrient/salt molecules are actively reabsorbed into blood

Question 19

What happens during tubular excretion

Answer 19

certain molecules are actively secreted from the blood into the convoluted tubules.

Question 20

Where does glomerular filtration take place

Answer 20

In the glomerular capsule (bowman’s capsule)

Question 21

Where does tubular reabsorption take place

Answer 21

from convoluted tubules into peritubular capillary network.

Question 22

where does tubular excretion take place

Answer 22

From peritubular capillary network to convoluted tubules.

Question 23

What % of water is reabsorbed from nephrons

Answer 23

99%

Question 24

What % of Na+ is reabsorbed from nephrons

Answer 24

99.5%

Question 25

What % of glucose is reabsorbed from nephrons

Answer 25

100%

Question 26

What is the condition where the body reabsorbs less than 100% of glucose

Answer 26

diabetes

Question 27

What % of urea is reabsorbed from nephrons

Answer 27

44%

Question 28

What is filtered in Bowman’s capsule

Answer 28

water
nitrogenous wastes
nutrients
salts (ions)

Question 29

What is not filtered in the Bowman’s capsule

Answer 29

formed elements

plasma

Question 30

What is reabsorbed in tubular reabsorption

Answer 30

Most water
nutrients
requires salt ions

Question 31

What is the difference between distal convoluted tubule and the proximal convoluted tubule

Answer 31

PCT has microvilli but DCT doesn’t.