16.1-16.3 quiz Flashcards
What are the four organs of the urinary system
- kidneys
- ureters
- urinary bladder
- urethra
What are the differences between male and female urinary systems
- male’s connected to reproductive system.
2. female urethra is 4 cm long whereas male urethra is 20 cm.
What are the 4 functions of the urinary system
- Excrete metabolic waste
- osmoregulation in blood (water/salt)
- Regulation of acid-base balance in blood
- secretion of hormones
What nitrogenous waste is excreted by the metabolic system
- Urea
- Ammonia
- creatinine
- uric acid
What hormones does the urinary system secrete
- Renin (absorption of Na+ ions in kidneys)
- Erythropoietin (stimulate red blood cell production
- Activates vitamin D
What are the three regions of the kidney
- Renal cortex (outer layer)
- Renal medulla (middle layer)
- Renal pelvis (inner layer)
What is in the renal medulla
cone-shaped tissue masses
What is connected to the renal pelvis
the ureter
What are the 4 parts of a nephron
- Bowman’s capsule
- Proximal convoluted tubule.
- Loop of Henle.
- Distal convoluted tubule
What is the role of the Bowman’s capsule
The sack at the beginning of the nephron that holds the glomerus
What is the role of the proximal convoluted tubule
Allows for reabsorption of substances using packed microvilli and several mitochondria
What is the role of the loop of Henle
U-shaped tube that conducts urine through nephron, recovers water and NaCl from urine.
What is the role of the distal convoluted tubule
lacks microvilli but has mitochondria, regulates pH of urine, maintains K+ and Na+ levels, H+ levels.
What is the role of the collecting ducts
carry urine to renal pelvis.
What is the order of blood travelling through the nephron.
- renal artery
- afferent arteriole
- glomurus
- efferent arteriole
- peritubular capillary network
- renal vein
What are the 3 processes of urine formation
- Glomular filtration
- Tubular reabsorption.
- Tubular excretion.
What happens during glomerular filtration
water, salt, nutrients, waste are absorbed from blood inside glomerular capsule.
What happens during tubular reabsorption
nutrient/salt molecules are actively reabsorbed into blood
What happens during tubular excretion
certain molecules are actively secreted from the blood into the convoluted tubules.
Where does glomerular filtration take place
In the glomerular capsule (bowman’s capsule)
Where does tubular reabsorption take place
from convoluted tubules into peritubular capillary network.
where does tubular excretion take place
From peritubular capillary network to convoluted tubules.
What % of water is reabsorbed from nephrons
99%
What % of Na+ is reabsorbed from nephrons
99.5%
What % of glucose is reabsorbed from nephrons
100%
What is the condition where the body reabsorbs less than 100% of glucose
diabetes
What % of urea is reabsorbed from nephrons
44%
What is filtered in Bowman’s capsule
water
nitrogenous wastes
nutrients
salts (ions)
What is not filtered in the Bowman’s capsule
formed elements
plasma
What is reabsorbed in tubular reabsorption
Most water
nutrients
requires salt ions
What is the difference between distal convoluted tubule and the proximal convoluted tubule
PCT has microvilli but DCT doesn’t.
