Unit C: DNA and it's functions

Question 1

Type of nitrogen-containing base having a double-ring structure

Answer 1

purines

Question 2

Which two bases are purines

Answer 2

Adenine and Guanine

Question 3

Type of nitrogen-containing base having a single-ring structure

Answer 3

Pyrumidines

Question 4

Which bases are pyrimidines

Answer 4

Thymine, Cytosine, Uracil

Question 5

What do you call it when you make an exact copy, as when DNA is duplicated by a complementary base pairing process.

Answer 5

Replication

Question 6

Which enzyme produces an exact copy of DNA during replication?

Answer 6

DNA polymerase

Question 7

How does DNA polymerase produce a copy of DNA?

Answer 7

By using one strand of DNA as a template for the formation of a complementary strand (formed by this enzyme)

Question 8

What is the complementary base pairing pattern for DNA?

Answer 8

A-T, C-G

Question 9

What is the complimentary base pairing pattern for RNA?

Answer 9

A-U, C-G

Question 10

What do you call a pattern or guide used to make copies. Ex, DNA is this for DNA daughter strands as well as for mRNA (messenger RNA)

Answer 10

Template

Question 11

What do you call the ribonucleic acid whose sequence of codons specifies the sequence of amino acids during protein synthesis?

Answer 11

mRNA (messenger RNA)

Question 12

What do you call the type of RNA that transfers a particular amino acid to a ribosome encouraging protein synthesis

Answer 12

tRNA (Transfer RNA)

Question 13

How does tRNA work?

Answer 13

At one end it binds to the amino acid and at the other end it has an anticodon that binds to an mRNA codon

Question 14

What do you call the type of RNA found in ribosomes where protein synthesis occurs?

Answer 14

rRNA (Ribosomal RNA)

Question 15

What are the 3 types of RNA

Answer 15

mRNA, tRNA and rRNA

Question 16

What do you call the process resulting in the production of a strand of mRNA that is complimentary to a segment of DNA?

Answer 16

Transcription

Question 17

What do you call the process by which the sequence of codons in mRNA dictates the sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide?

Answer 17

Translation

Question 18

What do you call the three nucleotide bases that indicate a particular amino acid (during gene expression)

Answer 18

Triplet code

Question 19

What do you call a 3 base sequence in mRNA that causes the insertion of a particular amino acid into a protein or termination of translation?

Answer 19

Codon

Question 20

What do you call the enzyme that, during transcription, joins nucleotides complementary to a portion of DNA?

Answer 20

DNA polymerase

Question 21

What do you call the enzyme that carries out mRNA processing?

Answer 21

Ribozymes

Question 22

What do you call the three-base sequence in a tRNA molecule that pairs with a complementary codon in mRNA?

Answer 22

Anticodon

Question 23

What do you call an agent, such as radiation or a chemical, that brings about a mutation in DNA?

Answer 23

Mutagen

Question 24

Which enzyme plays a role in joining two strands of DNA with complementary base-pairing?

Answer 24

DNA ligase

Question 25

What do you call the enzyme that unzips DNA for replication?

Answer 25

DNA helicase

Question 26

What are the enzymes concerning DNA

Answer 26

Polymerase, helicase, ligase, and ribozymes

Question 27

What do you call the process where, during transcription, RNA’s introns are removed so that the exons can remain in the RNA strip

Answer 27

DNA/RNA splicing

Question 28

What do you call DNA that contains genes from more than one source?

Answer 28

Recombinant DNA