Unit C: DNA and it's functions Flashcards
Type of nitrogen-containing base having a double-ring structure
purines
Which two bases are purines
Adenine and Guanine
Type of nitrogen-containing base having a single-ring structure
Pyrumidines
Which bases are pyrimidines
Thymine, Cytosine, Uracil
What do you call it when you make an exact copy, as when DNA is duplicated by a complementary base pairing process.
Replication
Which enzyme produces an exact copy of DNA during replication?
DNA polymerase
How does DNA polymerase produce a copy of DNA?
By using one strand of DNA as a template for the formation of a complementary strand (formed by this enzyme)
What is the complementary base pairing pattern for DNA?
A-T, C-G
What is the complimentary base pairing pattern for RNA?
A-U, C-G
What do you call a pattern or guide used to make copies. Ex, DNA is this for DNA daughter strands as well as for mRNA (messenger RNA)
Template
What do you call the ribonucleic acid whose sequence of codons specifies the sequence of amino acids during protein synthesis?
mRNA (messenger RNA)
What do you call the type of RNA that transfers a particular amino acid to a ribosome encouraging protein synthesis
tRNA (Transfer RNA)
How does tRNA work?
At one end it binds to the amino acid and at the other end it has an anticodon that binds to an mRNA codon
What do you call the type of RNA found in ribosomes where protein synthesis occurs?
rRNA (Ribosomal RNA)
What are the 3 types of RNA
mRNA, tRNA and rRNA
What do you call the process resulting in the production of a strand of mRNA that is complimentary to a segment of DNA?
Transcription
What do you call the process by which the sequence of codons in mRNA dictates the sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide?
Translation
What do you call the three nucleotide bases that indicate a particular amino acid (during gene expression)
Triplet code
What do you call a 3 base sequence in mRNA that causes the insertion of a particular amino acid into a protein or termination of translation?
Codon
What do you call the enzyme that, during transcription, joins nucleotides complementary to a portion of DNA?
DNA polymerase
What do you call the enzyme that carries out mRNA processing?
Ribozymes
What do you call the three-base sequence in a tRNA molecule that pairs with a complementary codon in mRNA?
Anticodon
What do you call an agent, such as radiation or a chemical, that brings about a mutation in DNA?
Mutagen
Which enzyme plays a role in joining two strands of DNA with complementary base-pairing?
DNA ligase
What do you call the enzyme that unzips DNA for replication?
DNA helicase
What are the enzymes concerning DNA
Polymerase, helicase, ligase, and ribozymes
What do you call the process where, during transcription, RNA’s introns are removed so that the exons can remain in the RNA strip
DNA/RNA splicing
What do you call DNA that contains genes from more than one source?
Recombinant DNA
