Unit Eight - Climate - Water Flashcards
What is the Water Cycle?
Model illustrates movement and phase changes of water
Evaporation
Liquid to Gas
Condensation
Gas to Liquid
Transpiration
The giving off of water vapor from plants
Precipitation
Any form of water that falls from the sky
Ex: Rain, Snow, Sleet and Hail
What 5 things happen to water after precipitation?
- Stored in land as Ice and Snow
- Infiltrate into the Ground
- Flow over Earth’s Surface as Runoff
- Evaporate
- Undergo Transpiration
Definition of Infiltration
Water enters a substance
What are the six factors of Infiltration?
- Slope of Land
- Degree of Saturation
- Porosity
- Permeability
- Capillarity
- Vegetation
What is the Degree of Saturation?
The amount of water that is already in the ground
What is Porosity?
The percentage of open space (pores and cracks) in the ground
What is Permeability?
A rate of how easily fluid can flow through a porous solid.
What is Capillarity?
Water moves against the downward pull of gravity.
What is Vegetation in terms of Water and Climate?
Plants that absorb water from the ground.
How does the Slope of Land affect Infiltration?
The GREATER Slope, the LESS Infiltration
How does the Degree of Saturation affect Infiltration?
The GREATER degree of saturation, the LESS infiltration
How does Porosity affect Infiltration?
The GREATER porosity, the GREATER infiltration
There will be a greater capacity, so there is more space for the water to be stored.
How does Permeability affect Infiltration?
The GREATER permeability, the GREATER infiltration
When the water has a great rate of flow, this increase infiltration
How does Capillarity affect Infiltration?
The GREATER Capillarity, the LESS infiltration
An increase of capacity of water in the ground lowers the amount of space for infiltration.
How does Vegetation affect Infiltration?
- The GREATER the vegetation, the GREATER infiltration
- Vegetation slowsdown runoff
- Provides Water more space to be stored in the ground
(Angled or Rounded) particles tend to have a greater porosity due to the edges that don’t fit together well.
Rounded
(Sorted or Unsorted) soils tend to have a higher porosity due to the shapes and sizes.
Sorted
WHY is permeability affected by porosity?
If the pores are CONNECTED to each other (open spaces around particles connecting with other open spaces) then we have ‘connectivity’ and the fluid can MOVE.
(Big or Small) particles tend to have a greater permeability.
Big
(Big or Small) particles tend to be better for capillarity.
Small (less space to fill up)
