Unit E Space Exploration: section 2.0

Question 1

What is the speed that an object must travel to overcome earths gravity?

Answer 1

At least 28 000 km/h.

Question 2

What is the significance of the date October 4, 1957?

Answer 2

the Soviet Union became the first country in the world to launch an artificial satellite.

Question 3

What law does rocketry rely on?

This is Newtonˋs third law of motion.

Answer 3

For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.

Question 4

How do rockets demonstrate newtons 3rd law?

Answer 4

Rockets use gas under pressure confined in a chamber or tank. An opening in the chamber allows the gas to be released, producing thrust (push) and causing the rocket to be propelled in the opposite direction.

Question 5

What are the three basic part to a rocket?

Answer 5

The structural and mechanical elements,
the fuel,
the payload.

Question 6

What are the structural and mechanical elements in a rocket?

Answer 6

Everything from the rocket itself to engines, storage tanks, and the fins on the outside.

Question 7

What is the fuel of a rocket?

Answer 7

Liquid oxygen, gasoline, and liquid hydrogen.

Question 8

How does rocket fuel work?

Answer 8

The mixture is ignited in a combustion chamber, causing the gases to expand and leave as exhaust.

Question 9

What is a payload of a rocket?

Answer 9

The materials needed for the flight, including crew cabins, food, water, air, and people.

Question 10

What is an ion drive?

Answer 10

Ion drives are engines that use xenon gas instead of chemical fuels

Question 11

How do ion drives work?

Answer 11

The xenon is electrically charged, accelerated, and then emitted as exhaust. This action pushes the spacecraft in the direction opposite to the emission.

Question 12

What are the cons to ion drives?

Answer 12

The thrust generated by an ion drive is 10 000 times weaker than the thrust achieved by today’s chemically fuelled rocket engines

Question 13

What is a pro to and ion drives?

Answer 13

The thrust from an ion drive lasts an extremely long time

Question 14

How do solar sails work?

Answer 14

The Sun emits electromagnetic energy in the form of photons. The solar sails being tested are made of carbon fiber. When the photons hit the sail, the energy transmitted causes the spacecraft to move.

Question 15

What are the three main types of spacecraft in use?

Answer 15

Shuttles
Space probes
And space stations

Question 16

What is the function of shuttles?

Answer 16

Shuttles transport personnel and equipment to orbiting spacecraft.

Question 17

What is the function of space probes?

Answer 17

They contain instrumentation for carrying out robotic exploration of space

Question 18

What is the function of space stations?

Answer 18

Space stations are orbiting spacecraft that have living quarters, work areas, and all the support systems needed to allow people to live and work in space for extended periods.

Question 19

What are the environmental hazards of space?

Answer 19

• Cosmic Rays
• Solar Radiation
• Meteoroids
• Strong temperatures

Question 20

What is microgravity?

Answer 20

Is the condition in which the gravitational forces that act on mass are greatly reduced.

Question 21

What happens to bones in space?

Answer 21

They have much less pressure on them so they expand

Question 22

What happens to muscles in space?

Answer 22

They are weakened because they don’t use them as much.

Question 23

How is eyesight affected in space?

Answer 23

Depth perception is affected

Question 24

What water does the international space station recycle?

Answer 24

Waste water,
Water used for hygiene,
Moisture in the air.

Question 25

What are the functions of the life support systems?

Answer 25

• recycling wastewater (including urine) to produce drinking water;
• using recycled water to produce oxygen;
• removing carbon dioxide from the air;
• filtering micro-organisms and dust from the air; and
• keeping the air pressure, temperature, and humidity
stable.

Question 26

How does the ISS produce oxygen?

Answer 26

Through electrolysis applied onto water

Question 27

What are artificial satellites?

Answer 27

Are objects that are built and sent into Earth’s orbit by humans.

Question 28

Explain communication satellites?

Answer 28

Communication satellites have eliminated the need for costly cable laying. Satellites use digital systems that result in clearer transmissions and allow for a great number of users at any one time.

Question 29

What are Satellites for Observation and Research?

Answer 29

They can take photographs and monitor the weather. They have been used to follow ships at sea, monitor soil quality, track forest fires, report on environmental change, and search for natural resources.

Question 30

What does geosynchronous orbit mean?

Answer 30

The satellite moves at the same rate as Earth spins.

Question 31

What are remote sensing satellites?

Answer 31

A process in which imaging devices in a satellite make observations of Earth’s surface and send this information back to Earth. Remote sensing can provide information on the condition of the environment on Earth, natural resources, and effects of urbanization.

Question 32

Explain Satellites as Personal Tracking Devices

Answer 32

• The Global Positioning System (GPS) was designed to give people, wherever they are, their location on the ground at any time.
• Radio signals from the satellites are picked up by a hand-held receiver.
• The signals are translated by a computer in the receiver, which then shows on a digital display the operator’s position in relation to the satellites

Question 33

What is the space use of computer technology?

Answer 33

• Structural analysis of spacecraft
• Monitoring of air quality aboard spacecraft
• Simulation of space environment for training

Question 34

What is the earth use of computer technology?

Answer 34

• Use of microelectronics in appliances and office equipment
• Structural analysis of buildings, bridges, etc.
• Analysis of smokestack emissions
• Development of virtual reality software

Question 35

What is the space use of consumer technology?

Answer 35

• Design of space food for astronauts on long flights

* Study of aerodynamics and insulation

Question 36

What is the earth use of consumer technology?

Answer 36

• Manufacture of enriched baby and freeze-dried foods

* Design and manufacture of improved bike helmets, golf balls, running shoes, and ski goggles

Question 37

What is the space use of Medical and health technology?

Answer 37

• Design of electronics for the Hubble Space Telescope
• Development of slow-release medication to control motion sickness
• Design of microcircuitry for electronics
• Development of communications and robotic systems

Question 38

What is the earth use of Medical and health technology?

Answer 38

Development of digital imaging for the detection and treatment of breast cancer
• Manufacture of motion sickness medications
• Development of a human tissue stimulator to control
chronic pain
• Development of voice-controlled wheelchairs

Question 39

What is the space use of industrial technology?

Answer 39

• Development of microlasers for communication

Question 40

What is the earth use of industrial technology?

Answer 40

• Application of microlasers for communication, and to cut and melt materials

Question 41

What is the space use of transportation technology?

Answer 41

• Development of parachute material for the Viking space mission

Question 42

What is the earth use of transportation technology?

Answer 42

• Improvement of traction on car winter tires

Question 43

What is the space use of public safety technology?

Answer 43

• Development of computer robotics

Question 44

What is the earth use of public safety technology?

Answer 44

• Design of emergency response robots for use in situations too dangerous for humans (e.g., to inspect explosive devices)