Unit C Environmental Chemistry: 2.0 Flashcards
What are heritable characteristics?
Heritable characteristics are passed on from generation to generation. Some examples of inherited characteristics are eye colour, hair type, and skin colour
What are Non-heritable characteristics?
Non-heritable characteristics are acquired. That is, they are not passed on to other generations.
What is discrete variation?
A variation that you either have or you don’t
What is continuous variation?
Continuous variation refers to differences in characteristics that have a range of forms.
What does reproduction produce?
Reproduction produces new individuals of a species.
What is asexual reproduction?
Asexual reproduction involves only one parent and the offspring look exactly like the parent
What are the 4 types of asexual reproduction?
Binary Fission
Budding
Spore Production
Vegetative reproduction
Describe Binary Fission
Only one-celled organisms can do this. During binary
fission, a cell splits exactly in two, producing two identical individuals
Describe budding
During budding, the parent produces a small bud or a smaller version of
itself.
Describe spore production
Spores are similar to seeds but are produced by the division of cells of the parent. One individual will produce many spores, and each spore can
develop into a new individual identical to the parent.
What is vegetative reproduction?
The reproduction of a plant that does not involve the formation of a seed.
What are some examples of vegetative production?
If you take a cutting from a coleus plant and place it in water, the cutting will grow roots and eventually develop into a whole new plant.
Strawberries or spider plants, grow runners that produce new plants along them
Tubers, such as potatoes on a potato plant, and bulbs, from which daffodils and tulips develop
roots of aspen
trees produce a form of shoot called a sucker. If the sucker becomes physically separated from the original tree, it will grow into a new aspen tree
What is the general name for sex cells?
Gamates
What are the male and female gametes called?
Sperm cells and egg cells called ova
What is the union of the sperm cell and the egg cell called?
fertilization
What is the cell called after it has been fertilized?
Zygote
What does the zygote do?
It is the first cell, it then splits in what is called cleavage
What is the zygote called after it splits?
An embryo
What are the females parts of a plant called?
The pistil
What is the male part of the plants called?
The stamen
What are the female parts of a plant?
Stigma
Style
Ovary
Ovule
What are the male parts of a plant?
Filament
Anther
How does pollination occur?
When pollen from the anther enters the stigma
How does cross-pollination occur?
When the pollen of one plant is carried to the stigma of another by the wind, water, or animals, such as bees or butterflies
How does cross-fertilization occur?
when a grain of this pollen produces a long tube that eventually grows down the style into the ovary that contains the ovules.
What is produced in cross-fertilization?
A seed that stays dormant
In plant reproduction in which way will a plant not be identical to its parent?
Cross-fertilization
What are the advantages of asexual reproduction?
Can produce lots of individuals very quickly
What are the disadvantages of asexual reproduction?
If conditions become unfavourable, the entire population may be wiped out.
What are the advantages of sexual reproduction?
Provides lots of variation
What are the disadvantages of sexual reproduction?
It takes a lot of energy
Can only produce a limited number of offspring.
How can some plants produce asexually?
By taking cuttings and placing them in water to grow roots. Or with bulbs or runners
How can some plants reproduce asexually with seeds?
Embryos develop in the seeds without a male gamate. then will grow into plants that are genetically identical to their parents
what is an insect that cal reproduce both ways?
Aphids
What are the parts of the pistil?
Stigma
Style
Ovary
Ovule
What are the parts of the stamen?
Filament
Anther
Where is the stigma located?
At the top of the style to catch pollen
What is the style?
The long thing that holds up the stigma
Where are the ovary and the ovule located?
At the bottom of the style
Where is the anther located?
At the top of the filament
Where is the filament located?
At the bottom of the anther
