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1. Science 9 > Unit B Matter and Chemical Change: section 2.0 > Flashcards

Unit B Matter and Chemical Change: section 2.0 Flashcards

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1
Q

What age did the first chemists live in?

A

The stone age

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2
Q

What was the very first known age?

A

the stone age

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3
Q

Around what year was the stone age?

A

8000 BC

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4
Q

Describe the stone age

A

-Metals had not yet been discovered -Learned to control fire to make mud bricks, cook, and make tougher tools.

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5
Q

What did the ability to control fire lead to?

A

production of glass and ceramic material

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6
Q

What was the second age?

A

The metal age

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7
Q

When did the metal age take place?

A

Between 6000 and 1000 BC

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8
Q

Describe the metal age?

A

Scientists investigated metals with a higher value such as gold and copper.

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9
Q

Why were scientists attracted to gold and copper?

A

Because of its luster and it didn’t tarnish. It was also easy to shape because of its softness

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10
Q

What was a downside to gold?

A

It could not be used for weapons because it was too soft

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11
Q

Why was copper valuable?

A

Because it could be used to make pots, coins, tools, and jewelry.

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12
Q

What metal when heated becomes very useful but when untreated is very useless?

A

Copper

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13
Q

What is bronze?

A

A material created when tin and copper are heated together.

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14
Q

When did experimenting with copper begin?

A

About 4500 BC

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15
Q

What is the third age?

A

The iron age

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16
Q

What year was the iron age?

A

1200 BC

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17
Q

How did the iron age begin?

A

The hittites learned how to extract iron from rocks

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18
Q

How was steel created?

A

People learned to combine iron and carbon

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19
Q

What was made with steel?

A

Sharper and stronger blades

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20
Q

Where does the word chemistry come from?

A

The greek word ‘khemia’ meaning juice of a plant

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21
Q

Who used the word ‘atomos’ to describe the smallest particles?

A

Greek philosipher Democritus

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22
Q

What did Democritus believe about atomos?

A

He believed that everything was made of atomos and each atomos had different properties and when you mixed them you could create new materials with different properties

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23
Q

What did Aristole believe?

A

That everything was made of earth, fire, water, and air

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24
Q

What are alchemists?

A

People who were part scientists, part magicians.

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25
Q

Where does the word Alchemist come from?

A

The word al-kimiya meaning the chemist

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26
Q

Who made the first ever chemistry book?

A

Andreaus Libau

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27
Q

Who experimented with gasses?

A

Robert boyle

28
Q

Who developed a naming system for chemicals?

A

Antoine Laurent Lavoisier

29
Q

Who was the father of modern chemistry

A

Antoine Laurent Lavoisier

30
Q

What was the first theory of matter?

A

John Dalton suggested that matter was made of elements and he also composed a model of the elements. His description was called the billard ball model because it was comprised of solid spheres. And all atoms of a certain substance were the same.

31
Q

What is a subatomic particle?

A

A particle smaller than an atom

32
Q

Who discovered a subatomic particle?

A

J.J. Thompson

33
Q

What are electrons?

A

Negatively charged pieces of an atom.

34
Q

Who discovered the raisin bun model (1897)?

A

J.J. Thomson

35
Q

Describe the raising bun model?

A

A negatively charged sphere with negative electrons embedded in it

36
Q

Who created the earth orbiting the sun model?

A

Hantaro Nagaoka

37
Q

Describe the earth orbiting the sun model

A

A positively charged sphere with negative electrons orbiting it in a ring.

38
Q

What did rutherford believe about the atom?

A

He suggested that atoms were mainly empty space through which the positive particles could pass, but at the core was a tiny positively charged centre.

39
Q

Who created the solar system model?

A

Niels Bohr

40
Q

Describe the Niels Bohr solar system model

A

The electrons orbit in circles called electron shells around the nucleus.

41
Q

What did James chadwick discover?

A

That the nucleus contained particle called protons and neutrons

42
Q

What is the purpose as the protons?

A

They add weight to the nucleus but contain no electrical charge

43
Q

What is the quantum mechanics version of an atom?

A

It describes a cloud around the nucleus where negative particles are.

44
Q

What did they do to label metals before John Dalton?

A

Early chemists used symbols of the Sun and planets

45
Q

Who made the current version of describing elements and describe it?

A

Swedish chemist Jöns Jacob Berzelius. He made it using the first letter of an element capitalized

46
Q

What is atomic mass?

A

Atomic mass is the mass of one atom of an element

47
Q

What is atomic mass measured in?

A

Atomic mass units

48
Q

What did John Newlands discover?

A

The ‘law of octaves’ every 7 elements the properties repeats

49
Q

Who proved the law of octaves?

A

Mendeleev

50
Q

What is each horizontal row in the periodic table called?

A

A period

51
Q

What is each vertical column in the periodic table called?

A

Group or Family

52
Q

What is the number in the top left corner of the periodic table represent?

A

The Atomic Number

53
Q

What does the atomic number represent?

A

The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom

54
Q

What is the atomic mass?

A

the mass of an atom equivalent to the number of the protons and neutrons

55
Q

What is the number in the middle of the element?

A

The atomic mass

56
Q

What is the mass number in a periodic table element?

A

It represents the sum of the number of protons and neutrons in an atom

57
Q

How can you find the neutrons of an element?

A

mass number - atomic number = number of neutrons

58
Q

What is the first group of the periodic table?

A

Alkali metals

59
Q

What is the second group of the periodic table?

A

Alkaline metals

60
Q

What is it called when you go vertically on the periodic table?

A

Groups

61
Q

What is it called when you go horizontally on the periodic table?

A

Periods

62
Q

What is the blue group on the periodic table called?

A

Transition metals

63
Q

What is the green period on the periodic table called?

A

Lanthanides

64
Q

What is the red period on the periodic table called?

A

Actinides

65
Q

What is the green part on the periodic table called?

A

Metalloids

66
Q

What is the orange group of the periodic table called?

A

Noble Gases

67
Q

What is the yellow group on the periodic table called?

A

Halogens

1. Science 9 (20 decks)

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