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1. Science 9 > Unit A Biological Diversity: Section 3.0 > Flashcards

Unit A Biological Diversity: Section 3.0 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are the blueprints for an organism?

A

DNA

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2
Q

What does DNA stand for?

A

Deoxyribonucleic acid

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3
Q

What is DNA found in?

A

The nucleus of a cell

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4
Q

What did Watson and Frick find?

A

By unraveling the structure of DNA, Watson and Crick revealed how the same chemical building blocks could carry such a wide range of instructions needed for the diversity we observe in the living world.

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5
Q

What does a DNA molecule look like?

A

A ladder twisted into a spiral

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6
Q

What are the four different chemicals in the DNA?

A

Thymine
Adenine
Guanine
Cytosine

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7
Q

What is the genetic code?

A

The way that the chemicals in DNA are arranged. GC and AT are pairs

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8
Q

What are chromosomes?

A

The way that DNA arranges itself in a cell.

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9
Q

How many chromosomes does each human cell contain?

A

46 chromosomes, or 23 chromosome pairs

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10
Q

In what way do chromosomes organize themselves?

A

In pairs

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11
Q

What is a gene?

A

An uninterrupted segment of

DNA, which contains coded instructions

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12
Q

Where are genes located?

A

Genes are located on the chromosomes

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13
Q

Where are genes located?

A

Each chromosome contains numerous gene

locations.

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14
Q

How are genes found?

A

In pairs, both genes in a pair carry DNA instructions for
the same thing. The genes occupy
matching locations on the two chromosomes.

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15
Q

What are alleles?

A

The possible forms that genes come in. E.g. Red Hair, Blue Hair etc

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16
Q

What is mitosis responsible for?

A

Mitosis occurs in the body cells of multicellular organisms and is responsible for the growth and cellular repair of a multicellular organism.

17
Q

What is meiosis?

A

Meiosis is a type of cell division that produces cells with only half the DNA of a normal cell. Because each gamete has only half the DNA of a normal cell, when the male and female gametes unite, the zygote has a complete set of DNA

18
Q

What is mitosis to do with?

A

Binary fission, and growth and cellular repair in a multicellular organism

19
Q

What is the difference between meiosis and mitosis?

A

Meiosis is two cell divisions that only produces half the DNA of a cell. Mitosis is one cell division that produces cells with identical information

20
Q

Explain how mitosis works?

A

1: The chromosomes duplicate
2: Then the nucleus disintegrates
3: The cell is split in half taking half the chromosomes and now there are 2 cells

21
Q

Explain hoe meiosis works?

A

1: the chromosomes duplicate
2: they swap information
3: and then the cell splits in half and then split in half again making 4 cells with half the information

22
Q

What are traits?

A

Characteristics

23
Q

What are purebred organisms?

A

An organism which has ancestors with all the same traits

24
Q

What are hybrid organisms?

A

Organisms with ancestors with different traits

25
Q

What are dominant traits?

A

Traits that will take over when presented against a recessive traits

26
Q

What is a recessive trait?

A

A trait that does not dominate

27
Q

What is incomplete dominance?

A

When neither trait is completley dominant

28
Q

What is the inherited material responsible for variation?

A

DNA

29
Q

What did Oswald Avery discover?

A

DNA

1. Science 9 (20 decks)

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