Unit C - Cell Biology and Disease (Vocab) Flashcards
Infectious
A disease passed from one organism to another
Disease
A breakdown of structure and function in a living organism
Carrier
A person can transmit the disease, but does not exhibit symptoms
Epidemiologist
A scientist who traces the spread of disease through a population
Ethics
A system of principles that can guide decisions and practice in terms of whether or not something is morally right or just
Quarantine
A period of isolation to control the spread of a disease
Vector
An organism that spreads disease causing germs
Magnify/magnification
To enlarge the size of an object
Microbe
A microscopic cellular organism or a virus
Cell
The smallest structural unit of all living things
Multicellular
An organism made up of many cells
Cell membrane
The cell part that separates the cell from the external environment; lets things come in and get out of the cell
Cytoplasm
The material that fills most of the inside of cells
Nuclear membrane
The cell part that separates the nucleus from the rest of the cell
Nucleus
Directs all cell activities
Organelles
Cell structures performing a certain action
Control
A standard for comparison for checking or verifying the results of an experiment
Hypothesis
A possible explanation for observations, facts, or events that can be tested/experimented on later
Respiration
Occurs when cells break down glucose and release energy; requires oxygen
Mitochondria
The organelles that produce most of the energy the cell needs
Cross-section
A type of representation that shows what a view would look like when cutting through an object
Bacteria
Single-celled organisms that do not have a nucleus or other membrane-bound organelles
Protist
An organism made up of a single cell or many cells with a nucleus, and that is not an animal, plant, or fungus
Virus
A microbe that is not made of cells and cannot grow or reproduce outside of a living host cell
ABO blood types
The human blood group system based on the presence or absence of antigens on red blood cells.
Immune system
A system of specialized cells that coordinate and communicate in order to inactivate foreign material.
Red blood cell
Blood cell that transports oxygen (study unit C for more info)
White blood cell
One cell in the immune system used for fighting infections (study unit C for more info)
Petri dish
Container used for growing microbes
Qualitative data
Data that is not numbers, but qualities (hence QUALITative)
Quantitative data
Data that is with numbers, not qualities (hence QUANTITative)
Antibiotic
Medicine used to TREAT BACTERIAL infections
Vaccination/vaccine
Used to PREVENT INFECTIOUS diseases (both virus and bacteria)
Scientific method
A set of processes used when conducting investigations. These generally involve making observations, collecting and analyzing data, and drawing conclusions, especially when testing scientific hypotheses
Full course
Taking the complete prescription of antibiotics from a doctor
Resistance
Ability of some microbes to withstand the killing action of antibiotics
Sample size
The number of observations in a sample
Infection
The presence of a disease caused by a pathogen, such as a bacteria or virus.
Emerging disease
Infectious disease that is new, due to evolution of a disease-causing agent, or has to spread to new geographic areas.
Epidemic
A widespread outbreak of a disease
Sterile
Free of microbes
Medium
Substance on which microbes are grown
Agar
Gel-like medium
Colony
Group of microbes that usually grow from a single cell
Culture
Mass of microbes growing on a lab medium; to grow microbes
Contagious
Infectious disease passed by physical contact from one person to another
