Unit A - Studying People Scientifically

Question 1

What problems do we solve everyday?

Answer 1

What to wear/eat, etc.

Question 2

What can you do to solve a problem?

Answer 2

• develop a plan
• find a pattern
• draw a picture or a diagram
• act out the problem
• make a list
• guess and test
• work backward
• write an equation
• construct a table or graph
• simplify the problem
• use objects to model the problem

Question 3

Do scientists in the same field frequently use the same methods?

Answer 3

YES!!

Question 4

How many out of the 11 prisoners experimented on developed Pellagra from being fed poorly?

Answer 4

7/11

Question 5

What is a clinical trial?

Answer 5

Products such as medicines are tested by volunteers before they are made available to the public. These tests are known as clinical trials

Question 6

Why is a placebo group included in the trial?

Answer 6

To see if the medicine actually works.

Question 7

Do side effects occur from medicine?

Answer 7

YES!

Question 8

What does FDA stand for?

Answer 8

Food and Drug Administration

Question 9

What does the FDA do?

Answer 9

Approves medicine proven to be safe and effective

Question 10

What must medicines do to be approved by the FDA?

Answer 10

Must undergo and pass many scientific tests

Question 11

New medicine is usually first tested on–

Answer 11

Animals

Question 12

What must the result of a clinical trial show for a medicine to be approved?

Answer 12

It is both safe and effective for the public

Question 13

How are volunteers chosen for clinical trials?

Answer 13

Carefully; must not be allergic, cannot be taking any other medications

Question 14

What do the volunteers sign?

Answer 14

An Informed Consent form

Question 15

What does the Informed Consent form do?

Answer 15

That they have acknowledged the effects and possible outcomes and agree to test it

Question 16

The volunteers are divided into how many groups?

Answer 16

Two

Question 17

One group receives the ______________ while the other receives a __________w___

Answer 17

actual medicine; placebo

Question 18

What does the placebo medicine contain?

Answer 18

An inactive ingredient like sugar

Question 19

What does the placebo do?

Answer 19

Proves that the medicine is actually working

Question 20

What is one explanation for why the placebo effect works?

Answer 20

People who continuously get clinical treatment are more likely to report feeling better, even if nothing is done because they will likely watch their diet and exercise more

Question 21

Does the placebo always do its job? Provide an example.

Answer 21

No, some scientists argue vitamin c helps, others say it is all a placebo

Question 22

Useful science experiments are often designed to test how many variables?

Answer 22

One

Question 23

What does the nervous system include?

Answer 23

The brain, spinal cord, and nerves

Question 24

What are nerves made out of?

Answer 24

Nerve cells/neurons

Question 25

Nerves that sense sensory information are called:

Answer 25

Sensory neurons

Question 26

Sense receptors are located where?

Answer 26

At the end of sensory neurons

Question 27

Where do you have sense receptors? Why? (taste)

Answer 27

In the mouth and tongue to sense chemical input and allow you to taste and smell

Question 28

Where do you have sense receptors? Why? (qualities)

Answer 28

In your hands to allow you to feel the qualities

Question 29

Nerves in the spinal cord and brain are called--

Answer 29

Interneurons

Question 30

What do interneurons do?

Answer 30

Analyze all the information from sensory neurons

Question 31

What do motor neurons do?

Answer 31

Send signals to your muscles that allow you to move

Question 32

What do motor neurons control?

Answer 32

Reflexes

Question 33

What does "inter" mean?

Answer 33

(in) between

Question 34

Is breathing, blinking, and swallowing food completely involuntary?

Answer 34

Yes, you don't even think about it.

Question 35

How much does your brain weigh?

Answer 35

About three pounds

Question 36

What does your brain do?

Answer 36

• processes information from the world around you through your senses • controls and coordinates all of your movements • controls basic life processes such as body temperature, blood pressure, heart rate and breathing • stores sensory inputs for a long time as memories • allows you to think, reason, dream, and experience emotions

Question 37

The largest wrinkled part of the brain is called the--

Answer 37

Cerebrum

Question 38

What are the two smaller parts of the brain?

Answer 38

Cerebellum and Brain Stem

Question 39

What does the cerebellum do?

Answer 39

Controls movement, posture, and balance

Question 40

What is braille?

Answer 40

A language for blind people that is just raised dots

Question 41

What is a hypothesis?

Answer 41

An explanation based on observed facts or on an idea | of how things work

Question 42

To make sure they don’t influence results, scientists studying ______ often do not predict the possible results of their experiments.

Answer 42

people

Question 43

Is a hypothesis the same as a guess?

Answer 43

No

Question 44

Scientists account for individual differences by having a large ______ ____

Answer 44

sample size

Question 45

What are some examples of qualitative data?

Answer 45

Is it comfortable? What color is it? Texture?

Question 46

What are some examples of quantitative data?

Answer 46

Weight? Height? Length?

Question 47

How do you establish a range?

Answer 47

Data is collected from many trials and the range is made

Question 48

Is herbal tea/medicine evaluated by the FDA?

Answer 48

NO!

Question 49

Is it better to take medicine (Advil/Tylenol) or herbal tea/medicine?

Answer 49

It depends on the sitution

Question 50

What US institute provides money for clinical trials/studies?

Answer 50

The NIH (National Institutes of Health)