Unit B - Body Works (Vocab)

Question 1

Impaired

Answer 1

Diminished, damaged, or weakened in a way that functioning becomes poor or ceases

Question 2

Cardiovascular system

Answer 2

Closed circulatory system, characteristic of vertebrates, that includes one or more hearts and a branching network of arteries, capillaries and veins

Question 3

Cell

Answer 3

The smallest structural unit enclosed by a membrane that makes up all living organisms

Question 4

Digestive system

Answer 4

An integrated system consisting of specialized organs responsible for the ingestion, digestion and absorption of food

Question 5

Excretory system

Answer 5

An integrated system consisting of specialized organs responsible for the removal of excess or harmful solutes, waste products and excess water.

Question 6

Function

Answer 6

The specialized activities performed by a system, organ, body part or device

Question 7

Muscular system

Answer 7

The system of muscles that help various parts of the body to move

Question 8

Nervous system

Answer 8

The body organ system in animals that coordinates and controls the actions of internal organs and body systems by receiving and processing sensory information from the external environment, and coordinating short-term reactions to these stimuli

Question 9

Organ

Answer 9

A collection of tissues which performs a particular function or set of functions

Question 10

Reproductive system

Answer 10

The system of organs and structures necessary for sexual activity and the production of offspring

Question 11

Respiratory system

Answer 11

The system of organs that work together to take oxygen into the body and to remove carbon dioxide from the body

Question 12

Skeletal system

Answer 12

The organ system consisting of bones, cartilage, ligaments and tendons that provide a rigid, supportive and protective structure for an organism

Question 13

Structure

Answer 13

The way that an organ or body part is made up, including its shape and the types of tissues or other substructures that form it

Question 14

System (body system)

Answer 14

A group of organs that work together to perform a specific function

Question 15

Tissue

Answer 15

A group of similar cells and cellular material that perform a particular function

Question 16

Regulate/regulation

Answer 16

The process of keeping chemicals and conditions in the body balanced

Question 17

Toxin

Answer 17

A chemical produced by one organism that is harmful to another organism

Question 18

Chemical breakdown

Answer 18

The breaking up of larger molecules into smaller ones through the action of chemicals

Question 19

Mechanical breakdown

Answer 19

The purely physical process of breaking down larger substances into smaller pieces without changing the chemical composition of the substance

Question 20

Surface area

Answer 20

The part of a structure that is exposed

Question 21

Absorb

Answer 21

To take in or soak up

Question 22

Absorption

Answer 22

The process of taking in or soaking up

Question 23

Cross-section

Answer 23

A type of representation that shows what a view would look like when cutting through an object

Question 24

Nutrients

Answer 24

Chemicals that an organism takes in from its environment to use as a source of energy or in promoting growth

Question 25

Bone

Answer 25

The hardened connective tissue that forms the skeleton in most invertebrates

Question 26

Cartilage

Answer 26

Tough white fibrous connective tissue that is flexible and resists compression

Question 27

Joint

Answer 27

A junction between two or more bones, usually allowing some form of motion

Question 28

Ligament

Answer 28

A band of dense connective tissue that bridges a joint by connecting the bones together

Question 29

Musculoskeletal system

Answer 29

The muscular and skeletal systems working together to provide structure and support to the body and to help the body move

Question 30

Tendon

Answer 30

A strip of connective tissue that connects muscle to bone

Question 31

Indicator

Answer 31

A chemical that indicates the presence, absence or concentration of a particular substance

Question 32

Pulse

Answer 32

Rhythmic stretching of arteries caused by blood being forced through the arteries by contractions of the heart

Question 33

Atrium (atria)

Answer 33

One of the two upper chambers in the human heart that receives blood returning from the body or lungs

Question 34

Arteries

Answer 34

Branching system of large diameter, muscular blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart. They carry oxygen-poor blood away from the heart to the lungs and oxygen-rich blood to body tissues

Question 35

Blood vessels

Answer 35

Tubular structures that carry blood throughout the body, consisting of veins, arteries and capillaries

Question 36

Capillaries

Answer 36

Narrow blood vessels with thin walls through which gases and other fluids are able to pass

Question 37

Valves

Answer 37

Structures that allow fluids to flow only in one direction.

Question 38

Veins

Answer 38

Blood vessels that carry blood from the capillaries back to the heart

Question 39

Ventricle

Answer 39

The large, lower chambers of the heart that pump blood

Question 40

Blood pressure

Answer 40

The pressure exerted by blood against the walls of the blood vessels, generated by contractions of the heart

Question 41

Coronary arteries

Answer 41

The arteries that supply blood to the tissues of the heart

Question 42

Risk factors

Answer 42

Factors that increase the chance of something negative happening

Question 43

Voluntary

Answer 43

A type of action that is under the control of the individual. One that can be done differently, or stopped, if the individual chooses to do so

Question 44

Esophagus

Answer 44

Tube surrounded by muscle where food goes down