Unit C - Cell Biology and Disease Flashcards
How are infectious diseases spread?
Person to person
Vector
Contaminated food/water
Compare and contrast infectious diseases to contagious diseases
A contagious disease is an infectious disease that is spread from person to person.
What could people do to prevent spreading a contagious disease
Wash hands frequently
Stay home when sick
Cover your mouth when you cough/sneeze
Get vaccinated
What is a PSA good for?
Educating a wide audience of people about a topic
If a person is a carrier, do they show symptoms? Are they infected?
No; Yes
If a person is not infected, do they show symptoms?
No
If a person is infected, do they show symptoms?
Yes
Why might carriers be more likely to spread a disease than sick people?
They don’t appear/feel sick, so they may not take necessary precautions (Typhoid Mary)
What did officials do to stop the bubonic plague in 1900?
- Destroyed homes/sprayed with disinfectant
- Quarantined people
What did officials do to stop the bubonic plague in 1906?
- Killed rats
- Rat-proofed buildings
- Cleaned/took away garbage
What is the vector for the BP?
Flea
What is the vector for malaria?
Mosquito
How can malaria be avoided/prevented?
- Avoid standing water
- Bug spray/insect repellent
- Insecticides
- Long sleeves
- Bed nets
- Pants
What are other diseases spread by a vector?
- Lyme
- Rabies
- Zika
How were people with leprosy treated before? Specific examples
- In the Middle Ages, people who had leprosy were considered dead. They were given a funeral service while still alive and forced to wander the streets and beg for food.
- In the 1800s and early 1900s, they were quarantined in leper colonies.
- In the Louisiana Leper Home, they were not allowed to make phone calls or vote.
Is leprosy hard to spread? Specific examples
- 90-95% of the population is thought to be immune
- Only 5% of family members living with someone with leprosy will catch it.
- Requires close contact over a long period of time to spread
The transmission electron and scanning electron microscopes can magnify objects over _____ times!
40,000
During the early 1900s, some people thought an infectious disease like the flu could be caused by
nakedness, _________ food, irritating ______ in the atmosphere, unclean clothing, open windows, closed windows, old books, dirt, dust, or _________ causes.
contaminated; gases; supernatural
What does the germ theory state?
Germs cause infectious diseases
Why was the development of the microscope important in discovering the cause of infectious disease?
Microscopes enabled scientists to see the germs/microbes that cause infectious diseases.
Do bacteria have a nucleus?
No
What are the inputs of cellular respiration?
- Oxygen
- Nutrients
What do cells obtain from respiration?
Energy
Where does cell respiration occur?
Mitochondria
What waste is produced during cell respiration?
Carbon dioxide
What does the cell membrane do?
Controls what goes in and out
Why is it important for particles to be able to pass through the cell membrane?
Cells must absorb oxygen and nutrients and release waste to function properly
How many cells are in an adult?
Approximately 10 trillion cells
Why are people made of many small cells instead of just a few large cells?
Small cells are more efficient = faster transport (larger SA:V)
What are some important structures in a cell?
- Cell membrane
- Cytoplasm
- Mitochondria
- Nucleus
What does the nucleus do?
- Controls all cell activities
- Copies the DNA
What does mitochondria use to produce energy? What is the process called?
Oxygen and nutrients; respiration
What is cell biology?
Studying cells and how they work
How are microbes organized?
Based on the differences in cell structure
Identify the following:
- Single cell, nucleus, specialized structures for movement
- Not a cell; does not grow or reproduce independently
- Single cell, no nucleus, can be helpful or harmful
- Can be viewed using our classroom microscopes
- Can cause illness
Protist Virus Bacteria Protist + Bacteria All
What causes athlete’s foot?
Fungi
What are living things made of?
- are made of cells
- obtain and use energy
- grow and develop
- reproduce
- respond to their environment
- adapt to their environment
What are the 5 basic kingdoms?
- Animal
- Plant
- Fungi
- Protists
- Bacteria
What does Eukarya mean?
The cell has a nucleus
What is the 3-kingdom classification system?
- Eukarya
- Bacteria
- Archaea
What is the 5-kingdom classification system?
- Bacteria
- Animal
- Protist
- Fungi
- Plant
What is the 6-kingdom classification system?
- Bacteria
- Archaea
- Protist
- Fungi
- Animal
- Plant
What are the shapes of bacteria?
- Sphere
- Rod
- Curved rod
- Short spirals
- Long spirals
- Branched chain
Why are viruses not their own kingdom?
They aren’t made of cells
What are two pros of bacteria?
- Needed for food
- Decomposition
- Digestion
What are two cons of bacteria?
- Spoil food
- Cause diseases
What Blood Type (BT) can type A get?
A or O
What BT can type B get?
B or O
What BT can type AB get?
All of them
What BT can type O get?
O
What BT is the universal donor?
O-
What BT is the universal recipient?
AB+
What body systems prevent you from receiving certain blood?
White blood cells
What do WBC do?
Fight infections
What do RBC do?
Transport oxygen
How does your body prevent you from getting sick?
- Skin
- Nose
- Hair
- Saliva
- Tears
- Stomach acids
- Mucus
- Immune system
What happens to a petri dish when you open the lid?
It turns not-sterile
Why is hand-washing important?
It gets rid of germs, reduces chance of getting sick
What factors affect the effectiveness of hand-washing?
- Time spent washing
- Soap
- Warm water
Does a vaccine prevent or treat?
Prevent
Is a vaccine effective against bacteria or viruses?
Viruses
Do antibiotics prevent or treat?
Treat
Are antibiotics effective against bacteria or viruses?
Bacteria
Why are side effects from vaccines rare?
The vaccine is a dead or weakened microbe or part of a microbe
How was penicillin discovered?
Alexander Fleming left a petri dish of bacteria out when he went on vacation. Penicillium mold began to grow on his plate. When he returned, he found that a substance in the mold killed the bacteria around it!
What problem did Alexander Fleming face after he discovered penicillin?
He couldn’t made enough
Imagine that you infect someone else immediately after getting an infection. What type of bacteria would you most likely transmit?
Least resistant
Imagine that you infect someone else 3 days after getting an infection. What type of bacteria would you most likely transmit?
Resistant/extremely resistant
Why is it important to take the full course?
If you only take some, you won’t kill all the bacteria
Why are antibiotics overused?
- People think they treat all illnesses
- Available in some countries OTC
- Doctors prescribe AB for precautionary reasons
- Used in livestock
Should you take leftover antibiotics prescribed for someone else with an undiagnosed illness? Why?
- Not prescribed for you
- Could be viral infection
- Won’t be full course
