Unit 9 Test Flashcards
Civilizations of Asia (2 April 2025)
Emperors who expanded China to its greatest extent.
The Qing Dynasty emperors, particularly Kangxi and Qianlong (Ch’ien - lung)
This person extended the empire over most of India and maintained an efficient centralized government through policies that won the loyalty of non-Muslim subjects.
Akbar
Video Question:
What did Zen Buddhism contribute to Japanese culture?
A focus on self-reliance, meditation, and devotion to duty
Vocab:
Muslim ruler
sultan
Term for elaborate bows foreigners had or perform to the emperor.
Kow Tow
This person’s name is the Arabic word for “tiger,” and was as accomplished a poet as he was a warrior
Babur
Video Question:
How did the Tokugawa shoguns end feudal warfare?
A. They imposed central government control over all of Japan and dissolved the feudal system.
B. They imposed central government control over all of Japan but maintained the feudal system.
C. They formed individual governments on each of the islands of the archipelago.
D. They imposed a harsh military rule led by the samurai.
B. They imposed central government control over all of Japan but maintained the feudal system.
Vocab:
the third-largest city in India, capital of medieval India
Delhi
Pastel color porcelain
Famille Rose
With support from court nobles, this person won succession to become emperor upon Jahangir’s death.
Shah Jahan
Video Question:
Which of the following is true about the structure of the feudal society developed in Japan?
A. The emperor was the most powerful individual.
B. The samurai controlled the daimyo, or the large landowners.
C. The artisans had high status because they made swords and armor.
D. The shogun was the true ruler.
D. The shogun was the true ruler.
Vocab:
In ancient India, the elected warrior chief of an Aryan tribe
rajah
Jesuit painter and his Chinese name
Giuseppe Castiglione (Lang - Shi-ning)
This person’s descendants added to the Mongol empire until it became the largest empire in the world prior to the British empire.
Genghis Khan
Video Question:
What can you conclude about Japanese values based on what they borrowed and did not borrow from the Chinese?
The Japanese valued inherited status over merit.
Vocab:
Monotheistic religion founded in the late 1400s by Guru Nanak in the Punjab region of India
Sikhism
Name of treaty in 5 languages in 1689 that protected the Northern border
Treaty of Nerchinsk
This person’s wise rule helped launch a powerful Muslim dynasty that had a permanent influence on northern India.
Babur
Video Question:
What feature of Japan’s geography allowed it to develop its own distinct culture?
The distance from the mainland of Korea and China
Vocab:
Founder of the Mughal Dynasty in India.
Babur
1st of great Qing emperors
Kangxi
This person generally left Chinese life unchanged and, although religious, was known for his acceptance of various religious practices and for granting economic privileges to favored sects.
Kublai Khan
Video Question:
In which directions did the Mongol empire expand the MOST?
west and southeast
Vocab:
Muslim dynasty that ruled much of present-day India from 1526 to 1857
Mughal
Title of great anthology
The complete Writings/Library of the Four Treasures
Guided by Confucian Chinese advisors, this person undertook reforms in his territories and politically reunited China but also engaged in a series of costly and fruitless wars with neighboring kingdoms.
Kublai Khan
Vocab:
Considered by most to be the greatest of the Mughal emperors of India.
Akbar
Meaning of Qing
Pure
This person’s greatness was also built on their support of scholars, artists, and musicians, who made his court a center of culture.
Akbar
Vocab:
A Persian widow with a small child who became the powerful wife of the Mughal emperor Jahangir.
Nur Jahan
Debate between the Jesuits, Franciscans, and Dominicans over allowing Chinese Christians to practice ancestor worship.
The Chinese Rites Controversy
An effective and tolerant ruler, this person was also an enthusiastic builder, involving himself in every detail of the building process.
Shah Jahan
Vocab:
The third son of the Mughal emperor Jahangir.
Shah Jahan
City/penninsula the Portuguese where allowed to trade from
Macao
This person’s administrative, political, economic, and cultural skills so impressed Jahangir that she had virtual control over the empire until his death in 1627.
Nur Jahan
Vocab:
A tomb built by Shah Jahan for his wife
Taj Mahal
Jesuit who died waiting to be allowed into China
Francis Xavier
This person came from Turkish and Mongol heritages, a descendent of the great Mongol leader, Genghis Khan.
Babur
Vocab:
Chinese dynasty from 618 to 907
Tang dynasty
Great Ming admiral
Zheng He
This person imposed discipline, exacted loyalty, and then proceeded to build an army that conquered the vast areas of Central Asia and China and became the Mongol empire.
Genghis Khan
Vocab:
An accomplished general, government reformer, historian, Confucian scholar, and artist. These qualities and skills helped him to become China’s most admired emperor.
Tang Taizong
3rd Ming emperor who overthrew his nephew
Yongle
Since women were not allowed to interact face to face with men in court, this person relied on trusted men to act for her.
Nur Jahan
Vocab:
Independent state that has to acknowledge the supremacy of another state and pay tribute to its ruler
tributary state
2 regions/countries conquered by the Ming and kept as clients
Korea and Vietnam
Who was the founder the Yuan dynasty
Kublai Khan
Vocab:
Break-up of large agricultural holdings for redistribution among peasants
land reform
2 chinese products Europeans wanted
Silk and porcelain
Who conquered the Song dynasty in the south to complete Mongol control of China?
Kublai Khan
Vocab:
Chinese dynasty from 960 to 1279
Song dynasty
Jesuit who was allowed into China
Matteo Ricci
The Mongol empire lasted long after this person’s death during a military campaign. He was known for both their fierceness and their generosity.
Genghis Khan
Vocab:
Wealthy, landowning class
gentry
Founder of the Ming dynasty
Hongwu
When this person’s beloved wife Mumtaz Mahal died, he built the famous mausoleum called the Taj Mahal in her honor.
Shah Jahan
Vocab:
In some societies, payment a bride’s family makes to the bridegroom and his family; payment a woman brings to a marriage
dowry
City the Spanish used to trade with Chinese merchants
Manila
Region from which the Portuguese were allowed to trade with China
Macao
Vocab:
Multi-storied Buddhist temple with eaves that curve up at the corners
pagoda
Jesuit missionary who was allowed to enter China and travel to Peking
Matteo Ricci
Vocab:
Sparse, dry, treeless grassland
steppe
Meaning of “Ming”
Hungwu
Vocab:
This person rose from poverty to unite the warring Mongol tribes.
Genghis Khan
Country the Mongols tried but failed to conquer bc of the weather
Japan
Vocab:
The grandson of Genghis Khan proved a strong and intelligent ruler of the vast empire.
Kublai Khan
Title for those who passed the County Exam
Cultivated Talents
Vocab:
Chinese dynasty ruled by the Mongols from 1279 to 1368; best-known ruler was Kublai Khan
Yuan dynasty
Mongols favorite animal
horse
Vocab:
A traveler, merchant, and adventurer from Venice who journeyed from Europe to Asia in 1271–95, spending 17 years serving the Mongol emperor Kublai Khan.
Marco Polo
Mongol Khanate in Russia
Golden Horde
Vocab:
Chinese dynasty in which Chinese rule was restored; held power from 1368 to 1644
Ming dynasty
How many Ming naval expeditions were there?
seven
Vocab:
A device used for counting and calculating by sliding small balls or beads along rods or in grooves
abacus
Mongol dynasty in China
Yuan Dynasty
Vocab:
An admiral in the Ming Chinese navy and diplomat who made his first voyage in 1405 to Vietnam, India, and Africa to both explore and trade.
Zheng He
This person dictated the account of his travels to a fellow prisoner while imprisoned during a war with Genoa.
Marco Polo
Vocab:
Korean dynasty that ruled from 668 to 935
Silla dynasty
Mongol emperor who founded a dynasty in China
Kublai Khan
Vocab:
Korean dynasty that ruled from 935 to 1392
Koryo dynasty
This person’s huge fleet of hundreds of junks (Chinese ships) and thousands of sailors carried silk, porcelain, and lacquerware to trade for pearls, spices, ivory, and timber.
Zheng He
Vocab:
porcelain made in Korea with an unusual blue-green glaze
celadon
Mythical Chinese animal
Chi-lin
Vocab:
Korean dynasty that ruled from 1392 to 1910, the longest-lived of Korea’s three dynasties
Choson dynasty
What was the book Marco Polo wrote about his travels?
The Travels of Marco Polo (originally iii Il Milione in Italian)
Vocab:
(1397–1450) Korea’s most celebrated ruler and known as the Great, in 1443 he replaced the complex Chinese system of writing with hangul.
King Sejong
This person made seven voyages in all, exploring, trading successfully, and thereby motivating Chinese merchants to establish trade centers in Southeast Asia and India.
Zheng He
Vocab:
alphabet that uses symbols to represent the sounds of spoken Korean
hangul
Man-made Chinese waterway that runs north and south
Grand Canal
Vocab:
chain of islands
archipelago
What is nearsighted American marsupial?
opossum
Vocab:
a very large wave caused by an earthquake or very strong wind
tsunami
This person’s book proved a great success, but few readers believed it was true. Evidence outside his book that he journeyed so far to the east has not been found; however, during the centuries since his death, others have confirmed the accuracy of most of what he described.
Marco Polo
Vocab:
principal religion in Japan that emphasizes the worship of nature
Shinto
New food introduced into China by trade with the Spanish
peanuts
Vocab:
adopting or adapting some cultural traits but discarding others
selective borrowing
(1397–1450) His numerous cultural and intellectual accomplishments have led historians to call his reign the Korean Golden Age.
King Sejong
Vocab:
percentage of people who can read and write
literacy rate
Valuable Chinese trade item
Porcelain
Vocab:
in the Japanese writing system, phonetic symbols representing syllables
kana
Palace built by the Ming in Peking
Forbidden City
Vocab:
(c. 973–c. 1014 or 1025) A lady-in-waiting in the Heian Court.
Muraski Shikibu
Jesuit missionary to Japan who failed to be allowed into China
Francis Xavier
Vocab:
member of the warrior class in Japanese feudal society
samurai
Castrated slaves who served the royal
eunuchs
Vocab:
code of conduct for samurai during the feudal period in Japan
bushido
Founder of the Mongol Empires
Genghis Khan
Vocab:
the practice of meditation; a school of Buddhism in Japan
Zen
This person built the world’s largest religious structure at Angkor Wat and conquered much of what is now Thailand and Vietnam.
King Suryavarman II
A great Dane puppy
Davout
Vocab:
large domelike Buddhist shrine
stupa
Moroccan explorer who traveled farther and longer than Marco Polo
Ibn Battuta
“Divine Wind”
Kamikaze
Vocab:
A famous king of Cambodia, who died in 1150 A.D.
King Suryavarman II
Great Ming admiral
Zheng He
Vocab:
rice field
paddy
Son of the 1st Emperor who overthrew his nephew
Yongle
This person made the capital, Angkor, into one of the great cities of the world at that time.
King Suryavarman II
(c. 973–c. 1014 or 1025) Historians credit this person with writing the world’s first full-length novel, The Tale of Genji, written between A.D. 1000 and 1008.
Muraski Shikibu
Meaning of Ming
brilliant
What were the last 3 dynasties?
1) Mongols/Yuan dynasty (1261sh-1368) –> conquered China
2) Ming dynasty (1368-1644) –> The last native dynasty along with the Han who drove out the Mongols
3) Manchu or Qing dynasty (1644-1911) –> Conquered China
True/False
The mongols used cruelty as a weapon of intimidation
True; some people never even recovered.
What dynasty did Kublai Khan belong to?
Yuan dynasty
What European explorer can be connected to around the same time as Kublai Khan?
Marco Polo
True/False
The 14th century China was similar to Europe because of the problems they had with plague, famine and peasants revolts?
True
Around what time did China face political problems which played a part in the decline of the Yuan dynasty and caused trouble for the Mongols?
1330s-1360s (14th century)
What is a Samurai?
A Japanese warrior aristocrats of medieval and early modern times
What is a daimyo?
“Great name” or feudal Lorda of Japan
Who wrote The Tale of Genji
Lady Murasaki Shikibu
What is a kamikaze?
A “divine wind” that enabled the Japanese to fight off Mongol invaders
What is a seppuku?
“An honorable method of ritual suicide performed by Japanese samurai; it involved disembowelment with a short sword”
SHORT ANSWER:
What were 3 accomplishments of Hongwu and did he succeed?
He was the founder of the Ming Dynasty and
What was one of the political problems of China (specifically related to the incident in 1307-1333: 14th century)
Around 1307-1333, there was palace intrigues where China had 7 rulers whom none lived past the age of 30 compared to Kublai Khan, a Mongol who lived until 80, along with the excessive taxes and negation of water for agriculture, which led to the peasant revolts.
True/False:
Hongwu ran an autocratic government
True
What were 4 ways Hongwu set his power?
1) There were no longer noble families to challenge his rule thanks to the ongols
2) People were used to absolute rule because mongols
3) The government was not hereditary, cuz of civil service and had educated scholars that govern each county or (scholars beaurocrats)
4) Secret police
What two political entities brought Islam to India?
The Delhi Sultanate and later the Mughal Empire
Who founded the Sikhism religion?
Guru Nanak
