Unit 5 Test Flashcards
Test 3: Ancient Greece (October 23, 2024)
Which BEST explains why Minoan civilization was able to develop its rich culture?
A. Its extensive mining activities, especially gold and silver, attracted many scholars to Crete.
B. Its advanced war technology and tactics helped it conquer most of its neighbors and plunder their wealth and culture.
C. Its island location and trading activities allowed it to acquire ideas and technology from other civilizations.
D. Its abundant agriculture helped it become a food exporter, which led to great wealth.
C. Its island location and trading activities allowed it to acquire ideas and technology from other civilizations.
Name 2 Greek playwrights
1) Aeschylus
2) Sophocles
How was Socrates killed?
Socrates was sentenced to death by drinking poison hemlock for the “crime” of corrupting the minds of the youth of Athens. He chose to drink the poison rather than flee and used this as a final lesson for his followers.
Vocab:
City of ancient Crete, the principal center of Minoan civilization that dominated the Aegean
Knossos
What other cultures influenced Minoan civilization?
The Egyptian and Mesopotamian civilizations
What was the name of the war between Athens and Sparta
Peloponnesian War
Which Greek philosopher said that you live your best life when you live in moderation
Aristotle
Vocab:
Altar, Chapel, or other sacred place
Shrine
Why did the Mycenaeans come to power in the mainland and Crete?
They invaded and conquered the lands.
What is the alliance of Greek states against Persia?
Delian league
Which Greek philosopher was a teacher who asked questions about everything
Socrates
Vocab:
Colorful painting completed on wet plaster
Fresco
According to the text, what are some of the values apparent in the Iliad and the Odyssey?
Honor, courage, and eloquence
Term for voting to banish someone from a city-state
Ostracism
Which Greek philosopher had a misogynist theory of women
Aristotle
Vocab:
Military conflict between Myceanea and Troye (described in the Illiad and Oddessey)
Trojan war
According to Greek legend, what sets off the Trojan War?
The Trojan prince, Paris, kidnaps Helen, wife of the Greek king of Sparta
Who abolished debt slavery
Solon
Which Greek philosopher liked the idea of a republic?
Plato
Vocab:
Narrow water passage
Strait
How did geographical features, including mountains and the sea, affect Greek city-states’ development?
They developed separately.
3 battles of the Persian war
1) Plataea
2) Marathon
3) Salamis
Which Greek philosopher tried to get people to think
Socrates
Vocab:
(750 B.C.) according to tradition the author of the epic poems, the Illiad and the Odyssey, is thought to have traveled from village to village singing about the heroic deeds of warriors during the Trojan War
Homer
How were trials in Athens similar to trials in the United States today?
The accused was considered innocent until proven guilty.
Athenian tyrant
Psistratus
Which Greek philosopher was very logical and believed that all logic makes sense in 1 major system
Aristotle
Vocab:
city-state in ancient Greece
Polis
Why were soldiers and merchants unsatisfied by the aristocratic government in Athens?
They thought that they should have more rights.
Republic and the idea of ideal forms philosopher
Plato
Which Greek philosopher had a religion named Neoplatonism that was adapted into Christianity
Plato
Vocab:
Highest and most fortified point within a Greek city-state
Acropolis
In spite of their differences, what did the Greek city-states share?
Religious beliefs and heroic legends
Strict law giver
Draco
Which Greek philosopher was more evidentiary
Aristotle
Vocab:
Legal member of a country
Citizen
How did the Persian War affect the balance of power among the Greek city-states?
Athens dominated over other city-states.
What were the dates of the Minoans?
Around 2000 BC
Which Greek philosopher was charged with corrupting the youth of Athens
Socrates
Vocab:
A form of government in which the state is ruled by a monarch
Monarchy
How does the Socratic method of teaching work?
The teacher asks a series of questions, which causes students to question their own assumptions.
What were the dates of the Mycenaeans?
1600BC - 1200BC
Which Greek philosopher challenged the original beliefs of Gods
Socrates
Vocab:
Government headed by a privileged minority or upper-class
Aristocracy
How was early Greek sculpture different from later Greek sculpture?
Early Greek sculpture showed rigid human forms, while later Greek sculpture showed idealized natural forms.
What was an extremely profitable trade product for the Minoans and what was it used for?
Olive oil; It was used for medicine, beauty products, soap, and skin cleaning.
Which Greek philosopher believed that we know what we know because our soul knew it before we did
Plato
Vocab:
Government in which ruling power belongs to a few people
Oligarchy
How does the Parthenon reflect balance and order in its architecture?
It is based on a rectangle and has tall columns leading to a gently sloping roof.
What was the name for the type of art on the Minoan walls and give some examples of what was shown?
Frescos; There were bull dancers, pictures of the sea, and people. They also represented their culture in their art.)
Which Greek philosopher never wrote anything but made his students write
Socrates
Vocab:
In ancient Greece, a massive tactical formation of heavily armed foot soldiers
Phalanx
What two forms of drama did the Ancient Greeks develop?
Comedy and tragedy
How did the Mycenaeans provide water to their main city?
Through a cistern (They had a spring in an underground system 60 ft down)
Which Greek philosopher had a theory that everything had an ideal form before we existed
Plato
Vocab:
City-state in ancient Greece settled by the Dorians and built as a military state
Sparta
How did Thucydides’ experiences affect his writing?
Thucydides lived through the Peloponnesian Wars and wrote about the horror of war.
What was the main island of the Minoans?
Crete
Which Greek philosopher died from drinking poison hemlock (berries)
Socrates
Vocab:
City-state in ancient Greece that evolved from a monarchy to a limited direct democracy and became famous for its great cultural achievements
Athens
In what way did Greece’s crushing defeat by Philip II of Macedonia lead to a flowering of Greek culture?
Greek culture was spread throughout much of the world by Alexander.
What was the name of the main city for the Minoans?
Knossos
Which Greek philosopher believed that we understand reality and our truth through the sense
Aristotle
Vocab:
A form of government in which citizens hold political power
Democracy
Which BEST summarizes Alexander’s attitude towards his Persian dominions?
He encouraged a blending of Greek and Persian customs.
Which civilization had domed tombs?
The Mycenaeans
What did Pericles, who was part of Athens, do during the Peloponnesian War?
He called everyone into the city walls, and a plague swept through the city, killing 1/3 of the population
Vocab:
Ruler who gained power by force in ancient Greece
Tyrant
What was an important result of the reign of Alexander the Great?
The spread of Greek culture from the Mediterranean to the Middle East
Which civilizations had indoor plumbing?
The Minoans
Who believed the past would repeat itself?
Thucydides
Vocab:
Lawmaking body
Legislature
What were the accomplishments of Archimedes?
He developed the lever and pulley and a mechanical pump to lift water.
Goddess whose name was adopted by Athens
Athena
Who is considered the greatest historian of the classical age?
Thucydides
Vocab:
Formal agreement between two or more nations or powers to cooperate and come to one another’s defense
Alliance
An example of the spread of mathematical ideas that occurred in classical Greece is…
the Arabic versions of Euclid’s work.
Paintings in watercolor done on wet plaster that decorate Minoan palace walls
Fresco
Who is considered the first historian?
Herodotus, since he accurately reported events from the time
Vocab:
(495 B.C.–429 B.C.) An Athenian statesman in the 400s B.C. who led Athens during its golden age of cultural achievement under democratic government
Pericles
Analyzed different types of government and living by the golden mean
Aristotle
T or F:
Greek culture was preserved and eventually became part of Eastern civilization.
False: Greek culture was preserved and eventually became part of Western civilization.
What two genres of theater are the Greeks best known for?
comedy and tragedy
Vocab:
A fixed salary given to public office holders
Stipend
10 neighborhoods or townships that determined Athenian civilization
Demes
Winner of the Peloponnesian War
Sparta
Who built the first theaters?
Pericles
Vocab:
System of government in which citizens participate directly in the day-to-day affairs of government rather than through elected representatives
Direct Democracy
T or F:
According to the Law Code of Crete, you can sue someone without kidnapping them.
True
What place did King Philip II of Macedonia want to take control of?
Persia
How was Athens glorified?
Money was used from the Delian League to beautify Athens, to build things such as the Parthenon, to honor Athens, and form classical art
Vocab:
Group of people with authority to make a decision in a legal case
Jury
Who did Alexander defeat in Mesopotamia that allowed for his empire to expand to India?
Darius
T or F:
By 150 BC, the Hellenistic world was in decline.
True; This was because Rome had gained strength.
What is a form of government where citizens rule directly and not through representatives?
Direct democracy
Vocab:
Practice used in ancient Greece to banish or send away a public figure who threatened democracy
Ostracism
Victory of the Athenians against Darius I’s Persians in 490 B.C.
Marathon
Athenian philosopher who argued every object on Earth had an ideal form
Plato
Athens led and organized the ___________ which strengthened the Athenian navy
Delian League
Vocab:
Someone who seeks to understand and explain life; a person who studies philosophy
Philosopher
What was government like for Sparta?
They had an assembly that was open to all citizens and elected officials who voted on major issues. They also had a Council of Elders: 30 older citizens who proposed laws to the assembly and had 2 kings who ruled over Sparta’s military force
According to the Law Code of Crete, how much does rape and adultery cost you in terms of fines?
100 slaters
T or F:
Pericles was an Athenian leader
True
Vocab:
Rational thinking
Logic
What were the Athenian leader, Pericles’ 3 goals?
1) Strengthen Athenian democracy
2) Hold and strengthen the empire
3) Glorify Athens
T or F:
Alexander was eventually forced to return home.
True
According to the Law Code of Crete, if you adopt a kid and it dies, who does the property return to?
The extra kids in the family
Vocab:
Art of skillful speaking
Rhetoric
When Alexander was forced to return home, what did he plan to do?
He planned to organize and unify his empire, but he died before he could do so.
T or F:
Alexandria was a city of great beauty.
True; It had many museums + temples, a stone lighthouse called Pharos, and the first research library in the world.
T or F:
According to the Law Code of Crete,
a woman has to marry her family.
True; Whether that is her uncle, her brother, or someone else in the family, but if he isn’t in the family, then the marriage can be forced to go to court.
Vocab:
(469 B.C.–399 B.C.) Socrates was an Athenian stonemason and philosopher who sought truth by questioning, as described in dialogues written by Plato.
Socrates
What is a tragedy?
A serious drama about common themes including love, hate, war, or betrayal.
Who were 3 tragedy Greek Playwrights?
1) Aeschylus
2) Sophocles
3) Euripides
T or F:
According to the Law Code of Crete, you sell someone else’s property.
False; You can not sell someone else’ property
Vocab:
(437 B.C.–347 B.C.) A student of Socrates, was an Athenian thinker, writer of philosophical dialogues, and founder of the Academy in Athens.
Plato
Who was the Peloponnesian war fought between?
Athens and Sparta
T or F:
According to the Law Code of Crete,
if you did not follow the rules in the law code because they were not written at the moment, you would be punished.
False; You wouldn’t be punished but you couldn’t do it again.
Greek author of Comedies such as The Clouds and Lsistrata
Aristophanes
Vocab:
(384 B.C.–322 B.C.) A student of Plato, was a philosopher, writer about many branches of knowledge, founder of the Lyceum, and tutor of Alexander the Great.
Aristotle
According to the Law Code of Crete, 2hat would a woman have to do if she bears a child while living apart from her husband after the divorce?
Show the father of the kid, and he decides whether the baby is his or not and whether the baby shall live or be killed
Who composed the Iliad and the Odyssey?
Homer
Who set up the council of 500 and made the assembly a legislature for Athens.
Cleisthenes
Vocab:
The chief temple of the Greek goddess Athena on the Acropolis in Athens, Greece
Parthenon
T or F:
The Dorians were more advanced than the Myceneans
Flase; The Dorians were less advanced than the Myceneans
How did geography influence life for people in classical Greece?
They had a lot of water, as well as mountains, and lived in independent communities with not very much surplus. They also had poor farmland and for the most part, only grew olives. The temperatures were also usually moderate so people didn’t wear heavy clothing.
Greek term for their city-state.
Polis
Vocab:
In ancient Greece, a play about human suffering often ending in disaster
Tragedy
Where does the word polis come from?
Politics
Who wrote about the Trojan woman?
Euripides
Father of history
Herodotus
Vocab:
In ancient Greece, play that mocked people or social customs
Comedy
Spartan’s last stand against the Persians under King Leonidas
The Battle of Thermopylae
What was the cultural impact Alexander had?
He incorporated Persian customs and people into armies. Greek settlers adopted new ways of life and a new culture emerged, known as the Hellenistic culture which had a blend of both Greek and Eastern customs.
Athenian naval victory over the Persian fleet
Salamis
Vocab:
(c. 484 B.C.–c. 425 B.C.) Often called the “Father of History,” traveled widely throughout the ancient Mediterranean world, collecting information for his chronicles of past events, including the Persian wars. In his writings, he noted bias and conflicting accounts in his sources.
Herodotus
T or F:
Alexander the Great was captured and defeated when he invaded Egypt
False; Alexander the Great was named Pharoah when he invaded Egypt
According to the Law Code of Crete,
can adoption occur?
Yes, but you need to do it in a public place where there are witnesses, you need to be male and must be older than the age of puberty.
People who gained power in a city by force
Tyrants
Vocab:
(356 B.C.–324 B.C.), Philip II’s son and Aristotle’s pupil, at age 20 became heir to Philip’s territories. He conquered the Persian empire, founding new cities as his armies won victories in Asia Minor, Palestine, and Egypt, and then captured Babylon. Continuing eastward into India, his tired troops refused to go farther. He returned to Babylon, at the age of 32, and died from a sudden fever.
Alexander the Great
Athenian Philosopher who taught by asking questions
Socrates
T or F:
When people gathered at agora or acropolis, they discussed the things of the city that they could fix or could be better
False; When people gathered at agora or acropolis, they discussed the government of the city
Persian ruler who sent armies to invade Greece in 480 BC
Xerxes
Vocab:
(359 B.C.–336 B.C.), restored internal peace to Macedonia, built an effective army, and then formed alliances with many Greek city-states or conquered them. After defeating the united forces of Athens and Thebes at Chaeronea, all of Greece came under his control. Assassination ended his aim to conquer Persia.
Philip II
Who took power in Athens in 621 BC?
Draco
Where did representative government begin?
Athens
Athenian statesman who led Athens into a golden age
Pericles
Vocab:
Murder of a public figure, usually for political reasons
Assassination
Which Greek Philosopher did not believe in direct democracy?
Plato
Athenian leader who outlawed debt slavery
Solon
Native peoples conquered and enslaved by the Spartans
Helots
Vocab:
Absorb or adopt another culture
Assimilate
Greek playwright and author of tragedies such as Antigone
Sophocles
Voting to banish a citizen from Athens for 10 years
Ostracism
Greek battle formation
Phalanx
Vocab:
Founded in 332 B.C. by Alexander the Great, became one of the greatest cities of the Mediterranean world. Located in Egypt on the sea lanes between Europe and Asia, this place became known for its size, great markets, huge Pharos lighthouse, and the Museum, a learning center with a famous library.
Alexandria
Who was the tyrant that seized power in Athens and gave poorer citizens a greater voice
Pisistratus
Which Egyptian city became the center of Commerce and Hellenistic civilization?
Alexandria
Type of government where power is in the hands of a small wealthy elite
Oligarchy
Vocab:
(570 B.C.–c. 490 B.C.) A Greek philosopher and mathematician who studied the meaning of numbers and their relationships. He formulated principles that influenced the thinking of Plato and Aristotle, and also established an academy in Croton (now in Italy).
Pythagoras
How was Alexander’s empire divided once he passed away?
It was divided between 3 generals (Seleucus, Ptolemy, and Antigonus)
T or F:
Alexander invaded Persia, forced King Darius III to flee, and took control of Anatolia (modernly known as Turkey)
True
Battle where an alliance of Greek city-states defeated the Persians, ending the wars
Platea
Vocab:
Based on the belief that the sun is the center of the universe
Heliocentric
Who carried out his father’s plan to invade Persia?
Alexander the Great
T or F:
Alexander the Great learned from Aristotle
True
Athenian leader who urged Athens to build up the navy and defenses.
Themistocles
Vocab:
(287 B.C.–c. 212 B.C.), a famous Hellenistic mathematician and inventor from Syracuse
Archimedes
After preparing for the Invasions of Greece, who defeated the Greeks and planned to invade Persia but never got to do so because he was assassinated?
Philip of Macedon
T or F:
Pericles was King Philip’s son
False; Alexander the Great
Hilltop, often forfeited, in the center of a Greek city-state
Acropolis
Vocab:
(c. 460 B.C.–c. 375 B.C.) A Greek physician traditionally regarded as the father of medicine, who studied the causes of illnesses, seeking their cures.
Hippocrates
In 404 BC, which group surrendered with its allies and lost its empire?
Athenians
What year was a truce signed between Athens and Sparta?
421 BC, but the peace did not last
An alliance of Greek city-states organized and dominated by Athens
Delian League
Greek infantry soldier
Hoplite
Famous war retold in the Iliad
Trojan War
Chief officials in Athens
Archon
Athenian who wrote the history of the Peloponnesian War
Thucydides
The most powerful of the Olympian Gods
Zeus
Minoan king’s palace
Knossos
Blind poet and probable composer of the Illiad and the Oddessey
Homer
How many islands does Greece have?
Over 2,000
Where did the Greeks originally settle?
Turkey
Where did people usually gather in classical Greece?
Agora (marketplace), or acropolis
What are the 4 types of Greek government?
Monarchy, Aristocracy, Oligarchy, and Tyrants
What type of ruling does a monarchy consist of?
A single-king type of rule
What does an oligarchy consist of?
A government ruled by a few powerful people
What does an aristocracy type of government consist of?
A government ruled by hereditary nobility
What does a tyrannical government consist of?
Leaders who seized power, claimed to work for ordinary
T or F:
When Draco took power in Athens, he imposed a very severe law code that was Draconian or very strict.
True
Who are the 5 most important politicians of Classical Greece?
1) Draco
2) Solon
3) Cleisthenes
4) Pisistratus
5) Pericles
What were the main values of Athens?
education, freedom, individuality, beauty
What were the values of Sparta?
power, strength, discipline, duty, and loyalty to group
T or F:
Women in Sparta were restrained, weak, and had no freedom.
False; Women in Sparta where strong, and had a lot more freedom compared to women in Athens
What was the government like for Athens?
They made reforms after Draco, they created classes based on wealth, organized citizens into 10 groups based on location, and created the Council of Five Hundred.
According to the Law Code of Crete,
if a woman marries a slave, will her kids be slaves?
Yes
According to the Law Code of Crete,
if a dad dies, what does a daughter get?
Half of his inheritance
According to the Law Code of Crete,
if a dad dies, what does the son get?
All of his inheritance
T or F:
Gods had inhuman qualities and lived forever
False; They had human-like qualities but they did live forever
T or F:
The Delian League drove Persians out of Greece
True
Darius’ son Xerxes, sent an army to Athens in 480 BC, where they had to pass through Thermopylae, but were stopped by 7000 Greeks, including 300 Spartans The Greeks were betrayed and all 300 Spartans died, and Xerxes destroyed Athens. Which of the 4 major battles of the Persians was this?
Thermopylae
Term for foot soldiers who stand side by side?
Hoplites
According to the Law Code of Crete, if a husband and a wife divorce, will a woman have her own property that she came with to her husband, and half of the income if it is of her own property, or would it all go to the husband?
She would have it + half of the income if it is of her own property.
T or F:
The Greeks revolted and Athens sent aid during the Persian Wars
True
According to the Law Code of Crete, can you rape someone of a higher class than you?
Hell no
How did people learn about history before things were written down?
Through spoken word
T or F:
The Myceneans’ economy collapsed, their trade stopped, and they lost their ability to write during the Hellenistic civilization
False; Dorian’s economy collapsed, their trade stopped, and they lost their ability to write during the Dorian Age
According to the Law Code of Crete, can you kidnap a man before taking him to court first?
No, you cannot kidnap a man before taking him to court or else you will have to pay a fee (higher for free men and lower for slaves_
T or F:
The Greeks used an army of ordinary citizens
True
What is a battle formation that the hoplites use where they hold their shield and spear in front?
Phalanx
T or F:
The Persians conquered Greece’s Lands
True
T or F:
Persian King Darius defeated rebels and vowed to destroy Athens during the Persian wars
True
What are the 4 battles of the Persian War?
1) Marathon
2) Salamis
3) Plataea
4) Thermopylae
T or F:
The Battle of Marathon was a Greek loss
False, it was a victory
Courier ran 26 miles to announce the win of the Greeks against Persia to Athens. The Athenians then prepared to defend their city and returning soldiers reinforced Athens. This caused the Persians to turn away. During which of the 4 major battles of the Persian wars did this occur?
Marathon
According to the Law Code of Crete,
if a widow shall die childless, should all of her things be given back to her family?
Yes
According to the Law Code of Crete,
if a woman becomes a widow, her kid’s things now belong to her and she can take them.
No
According to the Law Code of Crete,
if a woman becomes a widow, can she re-marry?
Yes
T or F:
According to the Law Code of Crete, in the case of a divorce, a woman can take her weavings
True
According to the Law Code of Crete, can you divorce people?
Yes
According to the Law Code of Crete, do women have property rights?
Yes
According to the Law Code of Crete, can you seduce someone as long as you are aware of the when and the where?
Yes
Did the Myceneans disappear before or after the Dorian period?
Before
T or F:
In 1200 BC Myceneans fought against Troy, but no one knows where Troy is.
True, it is believed that it might be a coastal city in Turkey because of some evidence found through excavations
T or F:
The Myceneans and the Minoans helped form the core of Greek religious practices, art politics, and literature
True
T or F:
The Myceaneans and the Minoans traded by sea
True
T or F:
The Battle of Thermopylae was a Greek Loss
True
T or F:
The Battle of Plataea in 479 BC was a Greek victory against the Persians
True
T or F:
Athens led the Delian League and controlled other League members
True
